Post on 24-May-2018
JOREP
Joint and Open REsearch Programs
[Contract No. RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034]
National report on joint and open programmes
SPAIN
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of
the European Commission.
Document Information Sheet
Deliverable Title National Report On Joint and Open Programmes:Spain
Abstract
This report provides for the analysis of the Spanish policy concerning participation to joint and open research funding programs; it thus represents a first step in the tender on Investments on joint and open R&D programs and analysis of their economic impact funded by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission (JOREP; contract RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034).
Authors Isabel Gómez (Spanish Research Council); Elías Sanz Casado (Carlos III University of Madrid); Daniela De Filippo (Università della Svizzera Italiana)
Copyright
© 2010 The European Communities, all rights reserved.
This document may not be copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part for any purpose without
written permission. It may also change without prior advice.
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Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Overview of public research funding in Spain ........................................................................... 7 2.1 R&D funding and execution ......................................................................................... 10
2.2 Public research funding: overview ................................................................................ 11
2.3 Project funding overview ............................................................................................. 12
2.4 Public research funding: some quantitative data ............................................................. 17
2.4.1 Project funding at the national level ............................................................................. 18
2.4.2 Project funding at the regional level ............................................................................. 18
3 Mapping joint and open programs ............................................................................................ 20 3.1 An introductory overview ............................................................................................ 21
3.1.1 Joint programming ....................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2 Opening of national programs ...................................................................................... 23
3.1.3 Mapping of the programs ............................................................................................. 24
3.2 Participation to European and international programs ..................................................... 24
3.3 Joint programs at the European level (with national co-funding) ...................................... 25
3.4 Bilateral programs between Spain and other countries .................................................... 28
3.4.1 Multilateral programs: Plant KBBE; Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Genome; Pure
and Applied Chemistry; CYTED .................................................................................................. 28
3.4.2 Bilateral programs: with USA, Japan, India, Canada, Argentina, Brazil ..................... 30
3.4.3 Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers ........................................................ 32
3.4.4 Bilateral programs for technological cooperation: with Canada, China, India, Korea,
Japan, South Africa ....................................................................................................................... 33
3.5. National programs funding performers abroad ............................................................... 35
3.6. Cases of exclusion: revision of the national perimeter after the data collection .................. 36
4 Overall assessment and discussion ............................................................................................ 38 4.1 Availability of data and methodological issues ............................................................... 38
4.2 Problems encountered with data availability and measures taken to overcome problems .... 39
5 Discussion on national participation to joint and open R&D programmes ........................... 41
5.1. Participation to joint initiatives (EU and national) ............................................................... 41
5.2. Level of funding: general observations on national financial commitment on joint R&D
activities................................................................................................................................. 41
5.3. Relation with other EU initiatives ................................................................................. 42
5.4. Relationships with national R&D programmes ............................................................... 42
6 References .................................................................................................................................... 44
7 Index of tables ............................................................................................................................. 45
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List of acronyms Acronym Description AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo/ Spanish
Agency for International Cooperation to Development AGE Administración General del Estado/General Administration of the State ANECA Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación/ National Agency
for Quality Evaluation and Accreditation ANEP Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Prospectiva/National Agency for Evaluation
and Prospective ANPCYT Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina/National
Agency for S&T Promotion, Argentina ANR Agence Nationale de la Recherche BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung CCAA Comunidades Autónomas/ Autonomous Regions CDTI Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial/ Centre for the Development of
Industrial Technology CICYT Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología/ Interministerial Commission
for Science and Technology CNEAI Comisión Nacional Evaluadora de la Actividad Investigadora/ National
Commission for Evaluation of Research Activity CNPq National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Brazil COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ Spanish Scientific Research
Council CYTED Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo/ Ibero-
American Programme on Science and Technology for Development DFO Fish and Ocean Department DGAM Dirección General de Armamento y Material (Ministerio de Defensa)/Ministry of
Defense DST Science and Technology Department ENCYT Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/National Strategy for Science and
Technology ESA European Space Agency ESF European Science Foundation EURATOM European Atomic Energy Commission FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FECYT Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología/Spanish Foundation for
Science and Technology GDP Gross Domestic Product IAC Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium IGME Instituto Geológico Minero de España/Spanish Geology Mining Institute IGN Instituto Geográfico Nacional/Spanish Geographical Institute INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística/Spanish Statistical Institute INTA Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial/ National Institute for Aerospace
Technology JST Japan Science and Technology Agency MAEC Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
Cooperation MICINN Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ Ministry for Science and Innovation MITYC Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio/ Ministry of Industry, Tourism and
Trade NP National Plan NSF National Science Foundation
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Acronym Description OPI Organismo Público de Investigación/Public Research Organisation PLANT-KBBE Transnational Plant Alliance for Novel Technologies SME Small and Medium-size Enterprise STI system Sistema Español de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion/Spanish System for
Science, Technology and Innovation
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1 Introduction
This report provides for the analysis of the Spanish policy concerning participation to joint
and open research funding programs; it thus represents a first step in the tender on
Investments on joint and open R&D programs and analysis of their economic impact funded
by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission (JOREP; contract
RTD/DirC/C3/2010/SI2.561034).
The focus of the report is in providing a descriptive overview of joint and open programs in
Spain, in order to prepare for data collection and for the analysis of motivations and impacts
of these programs. Accordingly, it is organized in the following sections:
• First, a general overview of the national research funding system with a focus on the
organisation of project funding. This information shall provide the required background
to understand the policy towards open and joint programs.
• Second, an overall mapping of these programs highlighting the main patterns and
providing a definition of the perimeter for the JOREP analysis, including a detailed
description of each program by adopting the descriptors defined in the JOREP project.
• Third, an overall assessment of the national situation and a discussion of availability of
data, as well as of methodological problems. This section also includes a summary of
problems encountered during the data collection and solutions adopted to overcome them.
• Finally the report introduces a discussion on national participation to joint and open
programmes, the level of funding and their connectedness with other EU and national
initiatives.
The report integrates information retrieved through the data collection exercise and some
examples are provided with citation of the joint program according to the common numbering
shared in JOREP databases.
This report has been prepared by IEDCYT (CSIC) and Carlos III University of Madrid under
JOREP contract. Its contents engage only its authors.
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2 Overview of public research funding in Spain
The Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) was deeply modified in the
eighties, when important changes in the political structure of the country took place.
Democracy brought a strong decentralization with the establishment of 17 Autonomous
Regions (NUTS2, Comunidades Autónomas) with their own Parliaments and Regional
Governments, which gradually became responsible for different areas of the administration:
health, education, agriculture,… Research and development activities kept mainly depending
on the national government, although the regions are increasingly involved in research and
innovation activities. The STI system was created as such in 1986 when the “Law of Patents”
and the “Law of Science” were launched. Spain became a member of the European Union in
January 1986, and its research organization came nearer to that of the other European
countries.
The “Law of Science” (Law for the Promotion and General Coordinaton of Scientific and
Technological Research) aimed at fostering research and technological development, and set
up a political-administrative coordination body, the Interministerial Commission for Science
and Technology (CICYT) together with a policy tool for defining national R&D priorities and
research planning, the National R&D Plan. As a result, there was an important increase in
R&D investments in Spain, definition of national priorities and a better coordination between
the different agents of the system, particularly with the regional governments.
The current plan is the VI Spanish Plan for Scientific Research, Development and
Technological Innovation (R&D&I) covering the period 2008-2011. Until the previous Plan
(2004-2007) the organisation was based on priority areas selected according to strategic aims,
the principal instrument being the financing of research projects on a competitive basis,
infrastructure subsidies, fellowships, and offering support to innovative companies. The
department responsible for the management of the VI National R&D&I Plan is the Ministry
of Science and Innovation (MICINN) while in previous Plans this responsibility was divided
between the Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Defence, amongst others. The Inter-ministerial Commission of Science and
Technology (CICYT) was the principal national organisation for scientific and technological
policy in charge of its planning, production, coordination and follow-up. The CICYT was
chaired by the President of the Government and composed by the ministries involved in the
scientific and technological policy: Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Industry,
Tourism and Trade, Ministry of External Affairs and Cooperation, Ministry of Economy and
Estate, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Ministry of
Environment, Ministry of Employment and Social Affaires. The CICYT was composed of
two councils: an Advisory Council for Science and Technology to promote the participation
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of the scientific community and of the economic and social agents in the production, follow-
up and evaluation of the policies of research, development and innovation, where all the
executing agents were represented. Another council promoted the coordination of the
different Autonomous Regions (CCAA, NUTS 2 regions) with the Administration of the State
and amongst themselves.
- Financing takes place principally through public calls for research projects on the topics
selected in the National Plans programs. The distribution of funds takes place on a
competitive basis, with specialized peer-review panels who evaluate the proposals in an
independent National Agency for Evaluation and Prospective (ANEP, Agencia Nacional de
Evaluación y Prospectiva).
Even if the competitions in research and development correspond to the National
Administration of the State, the Autonomous Regions are increasingly involved in Regional
R&D&I Plans. It must be stated that public universities are under the political dependency of
the regional authorities. The economic and institutional importance of the regional policies of
R&D&I is extremely diverse. In general, their policies are concentrated on technological
industrial development, financing the companies and creating technological parks and
organizations of administrative support. There is a need of better cohesion and connection
between the different administrations.
- The principal performers of research and innovation that is, the execution organisations of
the Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation are: in the public sector the
Universities and the Public Research Organisations, and in the private sector the companies.
In Spain there is a strong public sector in research and innovation while the activities of the
enterprise sector are quite weak, as companies are mostly SME specialised in traditional
sectors.
a) Public sector
- The universities are the principal actors, with 55% of researchers and 41% of personnel in
R&D activities. There are approximately 60 public universities and 20 private ones, which
have the mission of providing higher education, research and services to society. The public
universities are under the political dependency of regional governments. Large public
hospitals participate in research activities through the Medical faculties.
- The Public Research Organisations (OPI) are important actors of the system of research
and innovation, so much for their role as managers of certain programs of the National Plan as
for their work in the execution of an important part of the activities of research and innovation
financed with public funds. They are considered as part of the Government sector in national
statistics. The most important OPI is the multidisciplinary Spanish Council for Scientific
Research (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC) constituted by over 100
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own centres distributed throughout the country, together with joint centres CSIC-University
(under the Ministry of Science and Innovation).
Other Public Research Institutions specialized in certain fields are: Centro de Investigaciones
Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto Nacional de
Investigación Tecnológica Agraria y Alimentaría (INIA), Instituto Español de Oceanografía
(IEO) and Instituto Geológico Minero de España (IGME) (previously under the Ministry of
Education and Science); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (previously under the Ministry of
Health); Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) (Ministry of Defense); Centro de
Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX) and Instituto Geográfico Nacional
(IGN) (Ministry of Public Works). Other institutions with public funding are: Canal de
Experiencias Hidrodinámicas del Pardo (CEHIPAR), Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
(CIS), Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales (CEPCO), Instituto de Astrofísica de
Canarias (IAC), Instituto de Estudios Fiscales (IEF) and Dirección General de Armamento y
Material (DGAM- Ministry of Defense).
There are also semi-public foundations in the medical area, such as CNIO (Centro Nacional
de Investigaciones Oncológicas), CNIC (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
Cardiovasculares), CienN (Fundación Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades
Neurológicas), dependent on the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
In the 17 Autonomous Regions a series of new models and organizations emerged. For
example in Catalonia, ICREA is in charge of contracting researchers, and public research
centres and consortia have been created. In the Basque Country a strong effort in the
technological sector has taken place through the CIC (Centros de Investigación Cooperativa);
the Ikerbasque foundation attracting high quality researchers mainly from abroad, creating
Basic Excellence Research Centres and promoting interaction between science and society.
b) Private sector
Although the Spanish enterprises are increasingly sensitive to the need to adapt themselves
to globalisation, the available indicators show that the technological situation and the
innovative capacity of the Spanish companies is lower than that of the average European
companies, in spite of the fact that they are increasingly involved in innovation activities. The
highest share of R&D expenditures corresponds to large companies, but most of Spanish
industries are SME. Around 70% of the R&D expenditures of companies are concentrated in
three Autonomous Regions: Madrid, Catalonia and Basque Country. An important effort is
being made by the Administrations in order to promote links between the public and private
sectors.
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2.1 R&D funding and execution
The Spanish System of Science Technology and Innovation is relatively small in relation with
the country’s economic position in the world context, so much regarding the percentage of the
GDP dedicated to research and development as to the number of researchers. But the gradual
increase of the public funds devoted to research and innovation improved this situation. In the
last years, Spain was one of the countries with a higher rate of growth of the expenses in
research and development. The situation changed with the present economic crisis.
Considering the recent evolution of expenditures and funding in R&D in the last years we can
observe that in 2000 the expenses in Spain amounted to 0.91% of the GDP, 1.06% in 2004
and 1.35% in 2008. The R&D expenses of the private sector (companies) amounted to 53.7 %
of the total expense in 2000 and 54.9% in 2008, while the Public sector (Administration and
universities) represented 45.4% in 2000 and 44.9% in 2008. These percentages of enterprise
participation are still under the EU average.
The personnel occupied in research and development represents 6.9% of the active population
(in 2002), whereas the researchers suppose 4.4% (source INE). These two indicators, which
are the ones used by the OECD for the international comparisons, showed an up-ward trend in
the last two decades, but are clearly below those of countries with strong economies.
Other data show that there is a trend towards applied research that represents 36.6% of the
expenditures in 2000 and 43.3% in 2008 (source INE).
Table 1 presents a disaggregation of current and capital expenditures considering execution
sector. Data are shown in thousands of Euros and absolute values reflect the highest
expenditures in the private sector, especially in current expenditures.
TABLE 1 Internal expenditures per execution sector in Spain, 2008
Sector of execution
Total Total current expenditures
Salaries Other current expenditures
Capital expenditures
Total 14701393 12007813 7840942 4166871 2693580 State Admin. 2672288
(18.2%) 2134970 (17.8%)
1195248 (15.2%)
939722 (22.6%)
537318 (19.9%)
Higher Education
3932413 (26.7%)
3295579 (27.4%)
2524989 (32.2%)
770590 (18.5%)
636834 (23.6%)
Private sector 8073521 (54.9%)
6555490 (54.6%)
4107859 (52.4%)
2447631 (58.7%)
1518031 (56.4%)
Non profit organisations
23171 (0.2%)
21774 (0.2%)
12846 (0.2%)
8928 (0.2%)
1397 (0.1%)
Source INE 2010 (thousands of Euros)
Table 2 shows official data concerning execution and funding in 2008. As data show, funding
from the State is specially directed towards the Higher Education system and public
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administration (note that Public Research Organisations are included in this sector) while the
private sector is mostly financed by itself, together with public funds.
TABLE 2 Execution and funding of R&D in Spain, 2008
FUNDING Sector Total State Higher
Education Private sector
Non profit organizations
Abroad
Total 14701393 6699339 473985 6608550 81416 838103 State Admin. 2672288 2352916 5610 156724 20787 136251 Higher Education
3932413 2893854 465263 346782 37508 189007
Private sector 8073521 1444958 2825 6099298 14761 511680 Non profit organisations
23171 7611 287 5746 8361 1165
Source INE 2010 (thousands of Euros)
2.2 Public research funding: overview
OECD in 2006 studied the Spanish STI system and produced a report pointing out some of its
limitations, as the fragmentation of R&D between ministries, the lack of emphasis on the
quality of results, the low implication of industry and making a series of suggestions. Taking
into account these recommendations, a first attempt of National Strategy for Science and
Technology (2008-2015) was established, which includes the present National R&D Plan
2008-2011.
A National Strategy for Science and Technology (ENCYT) was elaborated during the year
2006 with the participation of all the actors of the Spanish system of Science and Technology,
the General Administration of the State (AGE), the Autonomous Regions (CCAA), the
executors of the research and innovation (scientists and technologists), the social agents
(unions and employers), etc. It made a series of proposals with the aim of bringing Spain to
the front of knowledge (more and better human resources, higher financing of research
projects, promoting excellence and international networks), promoting competitive enterprises
(public-private cooperation, technology transfer, innovation), integrating the regional R&D
activities, enhancing internationality, creating a favourable environment for R&D investment,
and disseminating the results.
A set of predefined indicators allow the public managers a suitable follow-up of the aims and
measuring the degree of development of the lines of action. Table 3 shows some of these
indicators.
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TABLE 3 Follow-up indicators on R&D in Spain, 2004-2008
Indicators 2004 2008
Total R&D expenditures as % of GDP 1.06 1.35
R&D expenditures executed by private sector (% of total) 54.4 54.9
Expenditures in Innovation activities as % of GDP 1.49 1.83
Researchers per 1000 active population 5.6 6.5
Researchers in private sector (% on the total) 31.7 35.4
% of innovative enterprises vs. total 29.74 20.81
Share of scientific output (% of the world) 2.4 2.75
% of European patents of Spanish residents over total 0.69 0.90
Source: Informe SISE: Análisis de las convocatorias del Plan Nacional 2008-2011 correspondiente al
año 2008 (MICINN)
The Spanish National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011
The R&D&I Plan is the instrument through which the General Administration of the State
promotes, coordinates and plans the scientific and technical research in Spain. This Plan is
financed yearly across the Expenditures Program “Research, Development and Innovation” of
the General Budgets of the State. The aims of the Plan are the progress in knowledge and
innovation, development of the competitive capacity of industry and economic development,
and to identify the needs and objectives on a yearly basis with an adequate design of
instruments and activities. A panel of experts and managers works with the country’s needs
and the evaluations of previous Plans. In the present Plan the aim was to attain an increase in
the indicators shown in table 3, what unfortunately turned impossible due to the economic
crisis of the last years.
The Spanish R&D&I Plan for the period 2008-2011 plays a central role in the development of
science and technology policies. This Plan has a series of special features which make it
different from the five previous ones. It is enclosed in a long term strategy and takes into
account an external evaluation. Besides, it is rather instrumental, highly focused and outlines
a series of objectives quantified through indicators.
2.3 Project funding overview
Public funding is organized mostly through research projects on a competitive basis, financed
by:
1- National agencies:
-MICINN through National R&D&I Plan, using a peer review process by evaluation agencies.
-MICINN and CSIC through bilateral and international agreements
-CDTI for industrial promotion and funding
-Ministry of Industry for technological and innovation activities
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-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation- AECID aid to developing countries
2- Regional agencies and R&D&I Plans of each of the Autonomous Regions (NUTS2)
3- International agencies.
In 1986 Spain became a member of the European Union and started a strong participation in
all European activities: EU Framework Program, ERA-Nets
Other international European activities: ESF, ESA, EUREKA, COST, EURATOM...
TABLE 4 Overview of the main project funding agencies in Spain
Organisation Aims Tools Beneficiaries
Central government Ministry for Science and Innovation (MICINN) Ministry of Health and Social Policy Ministry of Public Works
Planning, coordination, follow-up of the Spanish R&D&I system
National R&D&I Plan, Projects, contracts and scholarships
Universities, public and private centres of R&D&I, non-profit- entities linked to science, technology, research and innovation, companies and managerial associations
Multilateral agreements
Multilateral research projects
MICINN/CSIC/ISCIII
Bilateral collaboration
Bilateral agreements: research projects and mobility
Research organisations, research councils or universities of different countries
Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade
Bilateral agreements Technology and innovation projects
Innovative companies
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation/AECID
Aid to developing countries
Scholarships, research and teaching projects PCI
Universities and research organisations
CDTI Promotion of innovation Technology transfer
Innovative and cooperation projects, credits
Innovative companies
Regional governments (CCAA) XUNTA (Galicia) ACC1Ó (Catalonia) Madri+D (Madrid) Ikervasque (Basque foundation for Science) Navarra Innova (Navarra)
Promotion and funding of research and technology activities
Regional R&D&I Plans: projects , networks
Universities, research centres, innovative companies
EU Commission VII Framework Programme and all other actions
Research projects All R&D&I entities, public and private
Other international organisations: ESA, ESF, EURATOM
Mostly private companies
The principal institutions with a central role in the funding, promotion and evaluation of
research activity in Spain are the following:
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Funding
-Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT)
The CICYT had as principal functions to integrate in the different national programs of
research and development the initiatives of different ministries, disposing of public funds to
finance the R&D&I Plan and to define the duration of the programs included in this Plan. It
also established guidelines on distribution of the budgeting credits from international
programs. With the concentration of R&D&I activities in MICINN, it was no longer
necessary.
-Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)
One of the principal problems in the Spanish Research System, considering the OECD
Report, was the division of the responsibilities of research and development in different
ministerial departments. In this line, the creation in 2008 of the Ministry of Science and
Innovation is an important step for its solution. This new Ministry is in charge of the proposal
and execution of the governmental policy related to universities, scientific research centres,
technological development and innovation in all the sectors, including health research. It is
also involved in internationalisation of the system, cooperation between public-private sector
and between national and regional governments and amongst all agents of the STI system.
Concerning project funding, the principal tool is the Spanish R&D&I Plan.
http://www.micinn.es
-Centre for Industrial Technological Development (CDTI)
The Centre for Industrial Technological Development depends on MICINN (it was previously
dependent on the Ministry of Industry). Its aim is to increase the technological profile of the
companies and to give them support in their international technological activities, considering
research, development, technology transfer and innovation.
At the national level, CDTI supports companies’ projects through grants and credits at zero
interest rate, as well as the generation and development of new technology base firms,
through the NEOTEC initiative. At the international level, it offers an external network to
support international contacts and activities of enterprises. CDTI manages the Spanish
participation in programs of technological cooperation through industrial contracts with high
technological content by Spanish companies generated within the framework of different
national and European organisations: ESA, CERN, ESRF, Hispasat, Eumetsat and Spainsat. It
manages multilateral EU programs EUREKA and IBEROEKA (with Latin America), as well
as bilateral programs aiming to promote international technological cooperation with Canada,
China, Korea and Japan. For technological transfer it offers technological promotion projects
and IBEROEKA projects.
http://www.cdti.es/
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-Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade
This department within the Spanish general administration is responsible for proposing and
carrying out government policy in the areas of industrial development and innovation, trade
policy, small and medium sized enterprises, energy and mining, tourism, telecommunications
and the Information Society. Related to R&D&I is the General Secretariat of Energy the
General Directions of SME, Industry and Development of the Information Society. It
manages the following programmes: EIP, ICT-PSP, IEE, EUROSTARS.
http://www.mityc.es
-Ministry of Health and Social Policy
This Department is responsible for health, social policy and equality. The Health Institute
Carlos III was previously dependent on the Ministry of Health, now in MICINN
http://www.msps.es
-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
This Ministry formulated and executed Spanish activities with foreign countries. The Agency
for International Cooperation to Development (AECID) is in charge of the international
cooperation activities in developing countries, which includes, together with humanitarian
actions, activities related to teaching and research.
http://www.maec.es
-Regional Authorities (Comunidades Autónomas)
The 17 Spanish Autonomous Regions are responsible for their own public universities. They
are increasingly involved in research and development activities through Regional R&D&I
Plans, in certain coordination with the central government. Their involvement and model
change dramatically from one region to another.
-Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)
The Spanish Research Council is the largest Public Research Organisation in Spain. It is
constituted by more than one hundred scientific institutes covering all scientific disciplines,
together with joint CSIC-university institutes distributed throughout the country. Besides
being one of the large performers of R&D&I in the Spanish system it was manager of certain
projects in the National R&D Plans. Dependent on the Ministry of Science and Innovation, it
also develops science policy activities trying to attract the best scientists to its research
institutes, signing agreements with universities to create joint research centres and agreements
with Academies and Research Councils of diverse countries to foster international mobility of
scientists and international research projects.
http://www.csic.es
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Promotion
-Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT)
It was created in 2001 by the former Ministry of Science and Technology. FECYT operates as
a non-profit entity and with functional autonomy, with the aim to give a constant and flexible
service to the Spanish system of Science, Technology and Innovation. Its principal aims are:
to contribute to the orientation of the scientific and technological progress of the Spanish
system, to improve the cooperation between the different actors, to be a platform for meeting,
analysis and debate of interdisciplinary and intersectorial character for the scientific
technological and managerial communities of the country, and to stimulate the dissemination
of the S&T knowledge.
http://www.fecyt.es/
Evaluation
- National Agency for Evaluation and Prospective (ANEP)
The ANEP was created in 1986 in response to the need to establish a scientific evaluation
mechanism offering the "maximum rigour and independence" necessary to support decision-
making on research project funding and other financial aids for R&D and innovation. The
scientific evaluations submitted by the Agency are performed by anonymous experts,
fundamentally based on the peer review system. These evaluations are intended to be used by
management bodies to help them take funding and other financial support decisions. Since its
creation, the ANEP has provided one of the two components necessary for the selection of
activities for funding, namely scientific/technical evaluation. The other component, a report
on the appropriateness of the funding and the project's match with science policy objectives,
is the competence of the funding bodies themselves. The fact that the evaluation is carried out
by an institution independent from the funding institution (which is responsible for the final
decision as to whether to fund the action or not) adds an additional mechanism guaranteeing
the quality of the evaluation.
http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.29451c2ac1391f1febebed1001432ea0/?
vgnextoid=3cb39bc1fccf4210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
-National Commission for Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI)
It was created in 1989 for the distribution of rewards between the Spanish researchers
working in public institutions. The principal aim of the CNEAI is to carry out the evaluation
of the research activity of university teachers and of CSIC researchers. The request of
evaluation (for periods of six years) is voluntary, as it is a complement of productivity whose
purpose is to promote research of the university teachers and its national and international
diffusion. To obtain this assignment, the CNEAI requests the corresponding advice from
members of the scientific community, a series of Committees organised by scientific fields
being created for every evaluation.
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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http://www.educacion.es/horizontales/ministerio/organismos/cneai/convocatoria-
sexenios.html
-National Agency for Evaluation of Quality and Accreditation (ANECA)
The ANECA is a state foundation whose aim is to contribute to the improvement of the
quality of the system of higher education by means of the evaluation, certification and
accreditation of education studies, professorship and institutions. This aim is aligned with the
purpose of constructing a European Space of Higher Education (EEES) in the year 2010.
http://www.aneca.es/
2.4 Public research funding: some quantitative data
In 2007, OECD central governments invested 1% to 7% of their total budget in R&D
activities. Spain had the largest increase in the last few years, with more than 7% of total
central government outlays for R&D funding.
Considering information provided by OECD in 2008, internal expenditures in R&D are 1.35
per 100/GDP and personnel working in R&D (FTE) 10.5 per 1000 working people (INE).
Complete data on project funding based on OECD GBAORD (Government budget and
appropriations or outlays for R&D) for 2008 is shown in table 5, with a total of 10870 M €.
TABLE 5 GBAORD. Budget for R&D by socio-economic objectives. Final credits 2008
(thousands Euros)
Socio-economic objectives NABS (1) TOTAL
1- Exploration and exploitation of the earth 136001.4
2- Environment 441971.5
3- Exploration and exploitation of space 185735.4
4- Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures 950232.1
5- Energy 456833.0
6- Industrial production and technology 1445433.1
7- Health 1318667.4
8- Agriculture 738851.0
9- Education 149444.0
10- Culture, recreation, religion and mass media 135462.1
11- Political and social systems, structures and processes 189056.2 12- General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) (2)
1911886.4
12.1 R&D related to Natural Sciences 361376.9 12.2 R&D related to Engineering Sciences 522193.7 12.3 R&D related to Medical Sciences 343036.1 12.4 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences 121878.8 12.5 R&D related to Social Sciences 322242.8
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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Socio-economic objectives NABS (1) TOTAL
12.6 R&D related to Humanities 241158.2
13-General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources than GUF (2)
1152347.7
13.1 R&D related to Natural Sciences 395756.0 13.2 R&D related to Engineering Sciences 262075.7 13.3 R&D related to Medical Sciences 250333.8 13.4 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences 51984.3 13.5 R&D related to Social Sciences 121299.1 13.6 R&D related to Humanities 70998.7
14 Defence 1658151.0 TOTAL 10870072.3
(1) Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (2) General University Funds Sources: General State Administration (including Public Research Institutions and Autonomous Institutions) and Autonomous Regions governments, with Budget Program 46 (R&D). MICINN
2.4.1 Project funding at the national level
Project funding in Spain is mostly channelled through the National R&D&I Plan. According
to the report 2008 of the National Plan, the resources planned were 5656M€, the published
resources were 4638M€ and the finally approved resources by Instrumental Action Lines and
Strategic Actions amounted to 3633 M€ (referring only to marginal costs) as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Resources in R&D in Spain according to General Budgets of the State 2008 (thousands Euros)
Tool Approved
Instrumental line of Action of Human Resources 395519.3 Instrumental line for R&D projects 1805488.3 Instrumental line for Institutional strengthening 100232.5 Instrumental line for the use of knowledge and technological transfer 35711.2 Instrumental line on Cooperation and Internationalization 361046.7 Scientific Culture and Innovation Programme 4155.4
Subtotal 2702153.4 Strategic Action on Health 223329.9 Strategic Action on Energy and Climate Change 75507.8
Strategic Action on Telecommunication and Information society 632245.7
Subtotal 931083.4 TOTAL 3633236.8 Note: Resources for R&D projects refer only to marginal costs
Source:http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=88
8f66e17aa73210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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2.4.2. Project funding at the regional level
In the last 10 years the Autonomous Regions are increasing their implication in the promotion
and management of research and innovation in Spain, which is turning into a multi-polar
system: the Central Government and 17 Regional Governments.
The relationship in the field of Science and Technology between the General Administration
of the State and the Autonomous Regions evolved from the participation as advisors to the
Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT), by means of the
Advisory Commission for Science and Technology; mechanisms of direct opinion, by means
of the active participation in managers' Workgroups for the elaboration of the National Plan
and the Sectorial Conference of the Councils with competitions in the promotion of R&D
with the Ministry of Science and Innovation. Bilaterally, with every Autonomous Region the
Ministry has signed cooperation and collaboration agreements in Science and Technology in
order to try to harmonize the development of the National Plan priorities with those of the
corresponding Regional Plans. The most relevant regions considering their higher
expenditures in R&D are Madrid, Catalonia, Basque Country, Andalusia and Valencia.
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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3 Mapping joint and open programs
This section provides an overview of Spanish participation to open and joint programs and
discusses cases of inclusion and exclusion in the perimeter for data collection and analysis.
3.1 An introductory overview
The Spanish research and innovation system was deeply modified in the eighties together
with Spain becoming member of the European Union and strongly participating in European
projects. The National R&D&I Plans promoted international cooperation in science and
technology through bilateral and multilateral agreements and participation in international
research agencies. The Ministry of Science and Innovation is presently responsible for
R&D&I activities, principally financing research projects on a competitive basis and grants
and contracts for researchers. The programs of the National Plan 2008-2011 are open to any
foreign researcher working in a Spanish organisation. It includes a specific research
Programme covering activities related to International Cooperation in Science and
Technology.
The Spanish R&D&I Plan promotes qualified human resources through training and mobility
of researchers. Pre-doc and post-doc scholarships are open to Europeans. Contracts for post-
doc researchers “Juan de la Cierva” and “Ramon y Cajal” for experienced researchers are
open to any foreigner who will develop his investigations in a Spanish centre. Legally there
exists full access for candidates of EU to the research and teaching permanent posts at the
university and at research centres, but the number of foreigners is still very low, around 1% of
research staff of public university and 20% of PhD students (INE).
Spain participates in international programs, both through the EU 7FP initiatives and in those
of other international organisations. Besides, it has bilateral and multilateral agreements with
research and innovation organisations of other countries. A special multilateral research
programme between Spain, Portugal and all Ibero-American countries is CYTED, launched in
Spain more than 30 years ago.
3.1.1. Joint programming
Spain participates in the European Union projects and is full member of numerous
International Organisations and Great Infrastructures. Besides, Spain develops multilateral
and bilateral R&D&I Programs.
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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A. In the framework of the European Research Area:
- Framework Programs (from 1986 onwards)
- ERA-NETs and INCO-NETs
- Joint Technology Initiatives (public-private consortia)
- Article 185 initiatives (former art 169)
- Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP), very important for the Spanish SME
- ERC calls (within IDEAS Programme) where starting grants encourage basic research of
excellence to be conducted in Europe.
- European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) catalysing the “knowledge triangle”
through the KIC (knowledge and innovation communities)
- European Science Foundation, 79 organisations of 30 countries, with the participation of
CSIC.
- EUREKA, European Technological Cooperation Programme, enhances innovation and
competitiveness of companies. Managed by CDTI, Spanish SMEs participate
- COST, European networks in science and technology research
B. International Organisations and Great Infrastructures
Spain participates in the following international scientific-technological infrastructures:
CERN, European Laboratory of Particle Physics; ILL, Institut Laue-Langevin; ESFR,
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; ISIS, Pulsed neutron spallation source; ITER,
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor; JET, Joint European Torus; ESO,
European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere; Comité Polar
Español; EFI, European Forest Institute; INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology
Laboratory; GBIF, Global Diversity Information Facility; PRACE, Partnership for Advanced
Computing in Europe; EMBO/EMBL/EMBC, European Molecular Biology Organisation,
Laboratory and Conference; IODP/ICDP, Integrated Ocean and Continental Drilling
Programs; CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique Moleculaire; ESS-Bilbao, Spanish
site for the European Foundation for neutron spallation; ESA, European Space Agency;
FAIR, Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research; XFEL, European X-Ray Laser Project; ICSU,
International Council for Science.
Spain also participates in:
- International Institute for Computer Science of the California University.
- Large scientific international infrastructures in Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Astro-
particles and e-Science (e-Ciencia): international projects and mobility. Countries involved
are: Germany, France, Italy, Portugal and Argentina.
- Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009 and International Polar Year (March 2007-March
2009) promoted by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and World Meteorological
Organisation (WMO). A total of 25 projects of the Polar Campaign 2008-2009 have been
developed. Scientific and technological facilities in the Antarctic Campaign are the Spanish
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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Antarctic base Juan Carlos I (1988) and Gabriel de Castilla (1999) and the Oceanographic
Ships Hespérides and Las Palmas. Researchers from several countries participate.
C. Multilateral programs with several countries, including CYTED, a programme launched
by Spain with all Ibero-American countries and Portugal, including cooperation in science
and technology (IBEROEKA).
D. Bilateral Programs, both in science and in technology (the latter managed by CDTI).
E. Open programmes, with developing countries (managed by AECID).
TABLE 7 Spanish joint programming activities
Scope Programme
1-European Union
European Research Area (ERA)
Framework Program for Research and Technological Development
ERA-NETS
Joint Technology Initiatives
Article 185 Initiatives
Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP)
ERC European Research Council
European Institute of Innovation and Technology- KIC assoc.
Other International European Programs: ESF, EUREKA, COST
2- International Organisations and large Infrastructures
European Laboratory of Particle Physics
Institut Laue-Langevin
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Pulsed neutron spallation source
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
Joint European Torus
European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere
Comité Polar Español
European Forest Institute
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
Global Diversity Information Facility
Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe
European Molecular Biology Organisation, Laboratory and Conference
Integrated Ocean and Continental Drilling Programs
Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique Moleculaire
ESS-Bilbao, Spanish site for the European Foundation for neutron spallation
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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Scope Programme
European Space Agency
Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research
European X-Ray Laser Project
International Institute for Computer Science of the California University
Large scientific international infrastructures in Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Astro-particles and e-Science
Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009
3- International programs
A Multilateral Programs
PLANT-KBBE
Regenerative Medicine
Cancer Genomics (ICGC)
IUPAC-Polymer Chemistry
CYTED – a total of 21 Ibero-American countries
B Bilateral Programs
United States (NSF)
Japan (JST)
India (DST)
Canada (DFO)
Argentina (MINCYT-ANPCYT)
Brazil (CNPq)
Integrated Actions for the mobility of researchers
Bilateral Programs for Technological Cooperation (Canada, China, India, Korea, Japan, South Africa)
C Open Programs AECID- PCI
3.1.2 Opening of national programs
Programs in the National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011 are open to participants of any nationality
if they have a stable long-term appointment in a Spanish institution, universities or research
centres, though the funding must be spent in Spain.
There is a specific Programme in the R&D&I Plan on Cooperation and Internationalization
that includes training and researchers mobility; international cooperation projects; ERANET;
international innovation projects managed by CDTI (IDEALIST, TECNOEUROPA,
EUREKA, IBEROEKA). Bilateral and multilateral agreements both in science and in
technological innovation are taking place with a series of countries, whether EU or third
countries, on specific topics.
The Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to Development (AECID), depending on
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, finances diverse actions and some research projects in favour
of developing countries.
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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3.1.3 Mapping the programs
For the mapping, we make use of the classification of these programs provided in the JOREP
tender, in the following categories:
B1: programs managed and funded by international agencies; funding from direct national
contributions.
B2: programs managed and funded by international agencies; funding from EU budget.
B3: programs managed by international agencies, but with national (co-)funding
C: joint programs between national funding agencies
D: programs of national agencies open to performers abroad
Information on programs B1 and B2 refers only to national conditions of participation, while
detailed information on these programs is provided in the separate report on international and
European funding agencies.
3.2 Participation to European and international programs
The need to give political weight to international R&D relations was clearly stated in the
definition of the National Strategy for Science and Technology (ENCYT), specifically in one
of the objectives expressing the need to strengthen the international dimension of the
country’s science and technology system. The “internationalization” of national systems
intends, on the one hand, to pool the knowledge generated in various countries or
international organizations, reducing costs and increasing effectiveness, and on the other
hand, to increase Spanish researchers’ international presence and visibility, fostering the
growth of leadership in both scientific and economic areas.
The following table provides a summary of Spanish participation to European and
international programs, where Spanish participation is directly funded by the international
agency (B1 and B2).
TABLE 8 European and International Programs
Program Funding Agency Type Spanish participation European Space Agency
ESA B1 Full Participation of Spain
EU Framework Programs
European Commission
B2 Full participation of Spain after becoming EU member country in 1986. Relevant participation in the 7FP, specially in areas as “Region of Knowledge”, “Energy” and “Research for development of companies” in which Spain is in 1st or 2nd position for project funding or coordination.
Particle Physics (e-Ciencia)
European Commission
B1 Collaboration between Spanish and Argentinean researchers in Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics and Theoretical
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
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Program Funding Agency Type Spanish participation Physics was financed with 173000€ in 2009. Other countries involved are: Germany, France, Italy, Portugal
Antarctic Spanish Campaign 2008-2009
International Council for Science (ICSU) and World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)
B1 Scientific and technological facilities in the Antarctic Campaign are the Spanish Antarctic base Juan Carlos I (1988) and Gabriel de Castilla (1999) and the oceanographic ships Hespérides and Las Palmas.
Community innovation programme
European Commission
B1 Spanish participation through CDTI
3.3 Joint programs at the European level (with national co-funding)
The following table provides an overview of the Spanish participation to European programs
with national co-funding (B3). We distinguish between the following categories:
B3-1: programs with both European and national funding.
B3-2: programs with only national funding.
TABLE 9 Joint Programs at European level (with national co-funding)
Program Managing
agency Spanish funding agency
Type Spanish participation Data availability
Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP)
EU MICINN B3-1 Spanish participation is related with: -Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (EIP).Budget: 2,166 M€. Contact in Spain: Gen. Dir. SME – MITYC -Information Communication Technologies Policy support Programme (ICT PSP). Budget: 728 M€. Contact AETIC. -Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE). Budget: 727 M€. Contact IDEA
General information is available at the website of the Program but official data for Spanish participation are not available
European Science Foundation
ESF MICINN B3-2 MICINN and the Spanish Research Council contributed with the ESF budget and are active participants in the following programs: - EUROCORES - European Collaborative Research Projects, ECRP - Research Networking Programs - Exploratory Workshops - Forward Looks
Data collection project by project would be required
European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical Research
COST MICINN B3-1 Cooperation networks between EU research groups. Spanish management is carried on by General Sub secretariat of European Projects. Spain coordinates the following actions: -COST D36 ” Molecular Structure-Performance Relationships at the Surface of Functional Materials” -COST A34 “Gender and Well-Being: Interaction Between Work, Family and Public Policies” -COST IC0604 EURO-TELEPATH “Telepathology Network in Europe”
Only information about title of project and thematic area are available.
Era-NET schemes
EU MICINN B3-1 The MICINN takes part though the General Directorate of International Cooperation and Institutional Relations in ERA-NETs. Currently, Spain participates to the following ERA-NET joint calls: -Agrofood and Life Sci (ERA-IB; ERA-PG; ERASysBIO; EuroNanoMed; NEURON; Pathogenomics)
Information about Spanish participation in some programs is available at the web site of Ministry (N of projects, title, funding, etc)
Joint and Open Research Programs (JOREP) National Report- Spain
27
Program Managing agency
Spanish funding agency
Type Spanish participation Data availability
-Humanities and Social Sciences (ERA AGE2; FUTURAGE) -Environmental and natural sources (ACENET; AMPERA, BIODIVERSA, CRUE, ERA-CHEMISTRY, EUROPOLAR, IWRM-NET, MARIFISH, MARINERA, SEAS ERA, CIRCLE) -Technologies of production and communication (ASPERA; ASTRONET; CHISTERA; Complexity, MARTEC; MINT ERA NET, NanoSCi-ERA, NUPNET) -Engineering: MATERA; MATERA+; MANUNET -International cooperation (EULANEST, New Indigo, EULARINET)
Article 185 actions
Varia MICINN B3-1 Spain currently participates to the following art. 185 actions: -AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) 4M€ Instituto Salud Carlos III and Ministry of Health -EDCTP European Development Clinical Trials Partnership -EUROSTARS on innovation. 1M€ in 2007. SME and Ministry of Industry -Metrology
Official data from Spanish participation are not available
Eureka EUREKA MICINN B3-2 The European Technological Cooperation Programme. Spanish participation is managed by CDTI
Data could be requested to the CDTI in an aggregated form.
Joint Technology Initiatives
EU None B3-1 JTI are open to Spanish participants, which receive however only European funding; no national co-funding available (ENIAC)
No official data at Spanish level
28
3.4 Bilateral programs between Spain and other countries
The following table lists the bilateral-multilateral cooperation programs with other countries.
A detailed description is provided in the following sheets.
TABLE 10 Overview of joint programs in Spain
Responsible agency
Programme Type Programme
MICINN
Multilateral
C
PLANT-KBBE International Programs for Regenerative Medicine International Cancer Genome Consortium International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry CYTED with 21 Ibero-American countries
Bilateral
C
NSF-Materials and NSF-Chemistry (USA) Programme of Cooperation with Japan Programme of Cooperation with India Programme of Cooperation in Sciences of the Sea (Canada) Programme of Cooperation with Argentina Programme of Cooperation with Brazil Integrated Actions for the mobility of researchers Bilateral Programs for Technological Cooperation CSIC bilateral agreements with 31 countries
3.4.1. Multilateral programs
Plant-KBBE
Name of the program PLANT-KBBE (Transnational Plant Alliance for Novel Technologies - toward implementing the Knowledge Based Bio-Economy in Europe)
Type Multilateral Programme jointly managed between national funding agencies. Description Started in 2003 with 3 countries and in 2009 other 2 are included Participating agencies This program is based on cooperation agreement between: Spain (MEC, now
MICINN), Germany (BMBF), France (MdR and ANR). Portugal participated in 2008 (FCT) and Canada (Genome Prairie) in 2009.
Type of projects and topics
It finances joint research projects in Genomics and molecular improvement of plants (food, biomaterials, bio-energy).
Funding mode In the lead agency procedure each national group is funded by the national agency, no transfer of funding between countries. In the money follows cooperation line procedure the agency of the lead partner finances also the partners in the other countries. Total 2008 budget was 18M€ from Germany, France and Spain. Total 2009 budget was 15M€.
Beneficiaries industrial companies, academic research groups or other public organizations, small and medium sized enterprises
Data sources Text of the last call (2010) is available (conditions, beneficiaries, topics, type of funding). Information for foster call (2008, 2009) at aggregated level (N° of project, team and budget for Spain) is available in the website of the MICINN
Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=d2c3cfae2a8f5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en#idPreguntas
Joint and Open Programs (JOREP) Spanish National Report
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International Programs for Regenerative Medicine
Name of the program International Programs for Regenerative Medicine Type Bi or multilateral agreements with funding agencies from other countries Description Funding for development of capacities in the field of Regenerative Medicine
in cooperation with top international research teams Participating agencies Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and foreign partners: UK,
Canada, USA, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, France, Germany. Type of projects and topics
Project for improvement of capacities of HHRR and infrastructures in the field of Regenerative Medicine
Funding mode 30M€ (total budget 2009) Beneficiaries Spanish research centres, universities, hospitals, non profit organizations,
companies with R&D activities Data sources Data for the last call (2009) at aggregated level are available in the web site of
MICINN Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df
d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=6fc168f962af5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en#idPreguntas
International Cancer Genome Consortium
Name of the program International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Type Multilateral cooperation Description International platform for collaboration, coordination and scientific-technical
support in biomedical research and genomics. Started in 2008 as a joint activity in Research Medicine.
Participating agencies International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) integrated by Australia, Japan, China, India, Canada, United Kingdom, France and Spain (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
Type of projects and topics
Spanish projects in genomics
Funding mode Spanish Project funding Beneficiaries Universities, research centres, hospitals Data sources Only descriptive data are available in the web site of the Ministry Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df
d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=1570140593cb6210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Name of the program International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry Type Multilateral cooperation Description Promotion for creation of trilateral research team with members of other
countries in the field of Chemistry Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and foreign agencies integrated in IUPAC: France (CNRS),
Germany (DFG), Brazil (FAPESP), Ireland (IRCSET), Portugal (FCT), USA (NSF).
Type of projects and topics
Research project in New polymers and new supra-molecular structures
Funding mode Projects evaluated positively by an international consortium can obtain Spanish support for contracts and mobility of researchers
Beneficiaries Public or non-profit Spanish research teams Data sources Only descriptive information is available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09df
d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=30b94cf9a19f5210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD#idPreguntas
Joint and Open Programs (JOREP) Spanish National Report
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CYTED Ibero American Programme on Science and Technology for Development
Name of the program Ibero-American Programme on Science and Technology for Development (CYTED)
Type International multilateral scientific and technological cooperation programme of a horizontal nature and with an Ibero-American scope
Description It is a bottom-up system that establishes cooperation mechanisms with the aim to obtain scientific and technological results that can be transferred to the productive systems and social policies. It started over 30 years ago.
Participating agencies Organisations responsible for S&T policies from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Uruguay, Venezuela and Spain.
Type of projects and topics
- Thematic Networks for teaching, mobility and scientific interactions - Coordination of research projects, with the aim of sharing applied
research experiences and transfer of research results to the enterprise sector
- Consortium research projects in which a multidisciplinary group develops research projects
- Innovation projects IBEROEKA are oriented to the market.
Funding mode Funds come from all participant countries, but Spain participates in the scientific coordination of 40% actions and 20% groups are Spanish. CYTED budget for 2008 was 5.5 M€ and for 2009 6.3 M€ (IBEROEKA: CDTI loans to Spanish companies are not included).
Beneficiaries research groups from universities, research centres and innovative enterprises Data sources Data of participation, projects, thematic areas and funding are available at the
level of each country in the institutional website. No information about specific Spanish participation (in detail) is available
Website http://www.cyted.org/
3.4.2. Bilateral programs with: USA; Japan, India, Canada, Argentina, Brazil
Bilateral programs with USA
Name of the program NSF-Materials and NSF-Chemistry Type Bilateral cooperation Description Spain-USA cooperation in the field of New Materials and in Chemistry Participating agencies MICINN (Spain) and National Science Foundation (USA) Type of projects and topics
Research projects in New Materials and Chemistry
Funding mode Simultaneous presentation and evaluation of the project at the two agencies Beneficiaries Public or non-profit Spanish research teams Data sources Only information on present call (2010) is available Website http://www.micinn.es/stfls/MICINN/Investigacion/FICHEROS/NSF_Mat
erials.pdfhttp://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=13627&org=CHE&sel_org=CHE&from=fund
Bilateral programs with Japan
Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with Japan Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2009 the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST) signed a programme of scientific cooperation between both countries. The programme's activities include the joint organization of seminars and other scientific meetings, exchange of
Joint and Open Programs (JOREP) Spanish National Report
31
Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with Japan researchers, and calls for proposals to carry out joint research projects. Japan's and Spain's shared aim for these activities is scientific and technological advancement based on excellence.
Participating agencies Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
Type of projects and topics
Nanotechnology and development of New Materials
Funding mode 2.6M€ from Spain and 240M JPY from Japan Data sources Data about: title of the project, scientific area, name of researchers and
institution are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.29451c2ac1391f1febebe
d1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=5645c64b621b8210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
Bilateral programs with India
Name of the program Programme of Cooperation with India Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2009 the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the
Department of Science and Technology from Indian Government (DST) signed a cooperation program to promote scientific cooperation
Participating agencies Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and the Department of Science and Technology from Indian Government (DST)
Type of projects and topics
Research projects and other scientific activities in the field of: Nanotechnology, Renewable energies, Information technology, Health, Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food
Funding mode In 2009, 1.5M€ from Spain and the equivalent from India Data sources Information about characteristics of participation and data on title,
institutional participation, scientific area of granted projects are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f
09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=6325b6404c9b6210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en
Bilateral programs with Canada
Name of the program Program of cooperation in Sciences of the Sea Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2007 Spain and Canada signed an agreement for a collaboration in sciences
of the sea Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans of the
Government of Canada (DFO) Type of projects and topics
Research projects in Sciences of the Sea: a. Coastal zone management approaches: characterization of human impacts, risk assessment and integrated decision making. b. Marine invasive species: impact on biodiversity, community structure and biotic interactions. c. Detection and methods against bio-toxins in molluscs. d. Environmental impacts of: • bivalve aquaculture • high-seas fishing of Atlantic species
Funding mode Total maximum funding is approximately CDN $1,485,000 provided by DFO and 1M€ by MICINN. For selected projects, funding will be allocated for the first year and second or third year funding will be contingent upon a favourable review of the annual progress report.
Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Information about characteristics of participation and data on title,
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Name of the program Program of cooperation in Sciences of the Sea institutional participation, scientific area of granted projects are available
Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=bea1d14429666210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
Bilateral programs with Argentina
Name of the program Program of cooperation with Argentina Type Bilateral cooperation Description Since 2006 there is an official program for scientific cooperation in Physics
and in 2009 an agreement for the cooperation in Genomics and Bioinformatics was signed.
Participating agencies Spanish MICINN, Argentinean Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT) and Ministry of Science, Technology and productive Innovation from Argentina.
Type of projects and topics
Research projects in: Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Vegetal, Medical and Legal genomics (starting in 2010)
Funding mode Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f
09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=553042fd7c3b7210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD
Bilateral programs with Brazil
Name of the program Program of cooperation with Brazil Type Bilateral cooperation Description In 2010 an agreement for the cooperation between the Spanish MICINN and
the Brazilian Ministry of Sciences and Technology is signed. Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technology
development (CNPq) Type of projects and topics
Research projects in: Biotechnology, Energy, Nanotechnology and Health
Funding mode Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams Data sources Call is open, only information about characteristics of call are available Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f
09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=ee9d3a1a1ac47210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en
3.4.3 Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers
Name of the program Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers Type Bilateral cooperation Description Integrated actions promote bilateral agreements between Spanish and foreign
groups in the framework of previous contacts. Started as a cooperation tool with Europe (first bilateral agreement with France in the seventies) particularly during the first Spanish participation in a Framework Programme
Participating agencies Spanish MICINN and funding agencies from participant countries Type of projects and topics
International links are enhanced through mobility of researchers between groups, grants for participation in various events to finally promote the participation in joint projects.
Funding mode Although the funding is low, around 2.5M Euros per year, the results obtained are quite positive.
Beneficiaries Public or non-profit research teams from Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Hungary, Portugal and S. Africa (in 2008)
Data sources Detailed information about projects funded between 2000 and 2007 is
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Name of the program Integrated actions for the mobility of researchers available in the MICINN website
Website http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.dbc68b34d11ccbd5d52ffeb801432ea0/?vgnextoid=00032bbd459b0210VgnVCM1000001034e20aRCRD
3.4.4. Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Canada, China, India,
Korea, Japan, S. Africa
Bilateral program for technological cooperation with Canada
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Canada (CANADEKA)
Type Bilateral cooperation Description Canadeka The Spanish-Canadian Program to Technological Cooperation
tries to promote the Technological Cooperation among companies from Spain (CDTI) and Canada (NRC-CNRC). From 2005
Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and NRC-CNRC (Canada) Type of projects and topics
Projects of technology transfer, technological development and innovation with the aim to create economic benefits for Spain and Canada.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=104
Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with China
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with China (CHINEKA) Type Bilateral cooperation Description Chineka The Spanish-Chinese Program to Technological Cooperation
promotes technological cooperation among entities of Spain and China.
Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and TORCH (China) Type of projects and topics
The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Chinese companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
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Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=101
Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with India
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with India (ISIP) Type Bilateral cooperation Description ISIP India and Spain Innovation Programme to Technological Cooperation
promotes technological cooperation among entities from Spain and India. Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and TDB (India)) Type of projects and topics
The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Indian companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=338
Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Korea
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Korea Type Bilateral cooperation Description KSI Korea and Spain Innovation Programme to Technological Cooperation
promotes technological cooperation among entities of Spain and Korea. Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and ITEP (Korea) Type of projects and topics
The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Korean companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=433
Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan (JSIP) Type Bilateral cooperation Description JSIP The Spanish-Japanese Program to Technological Cooperation promotes
technological cooperation among entities of Spain and Japan.
Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
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Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with Japan (JSIP) Organization, NEDO (Japan)
Type of projects and topics
The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and Japanese companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=636
Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with South Africa (SASI)
Name of the program Bilateral programs for technological cooperation with South Africa Type Bilateral cooperation Description SASI South Africa and Spain Innovation Programme
Participating agencies The Spanish CDTI and New Energy and TIA (South Africa) Type of projects and topics
The aim is to promote competition of Spanish and South African companies through joint technological projects oriented to new products, processes or services for international markets.
Funding mode The management organizations in each country are responsible for evaluating and later certifying the approved projects with a "Quality Label" that offers an added value to the participating companies; on the one hand it is an acknowledgement of project technological level and on the other hand it enables access to preferential public funding in their respective countries. In the Spanish case, up to the 33% of the R&D related costs of the credit granted by CDTI will be non-refundable. Some 75% credit is at zero interest.
Beneficiaries Companies from the participating countries Data sources
Website http://www.cdti.es/index.asp?TR=C&IDR=1262
3.5. National programs funding performers abroad
The Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to Development (Agencia Española de
Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo - AECID), that depends on the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, finances actions in which developing countries are the
beneficiaries. AECID fosters, manages and executes the Spanish public policy for
international cooperation to obtain sustainable human development in all aspects: social,
institutional, environmental, gender, cultural, scientific, economic and productive aspects.
Methods used by the AECID include:
-Cooperation programs and projects, technical assistance to local institutions funding, micro-
credits.
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-Contribution to multilateral funds and to international organisations for development
-Humanitarian actions
-Public aids to ONGD and other agents
-Scholarships for summer courses and to study Master and PhD in Spain
-Programmes for Inter-university cooperation and scientific research (PCI). These
programmes are the only action of AECID that can be considered as of interest to JOREP.
Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) PCI
Name of the program PCI Aid (Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica)
Type Cooperation program with developing countries Description PCI Aid (Programme for Interuniversity Cooperation and Scientific
Research) under the Plan of Spanish Cooperation to Development 2009-2012 Aims: Contribute to strengthening the academic and research institutions in partner countries through activities to create or improve institutional capacities, teaching, research and transfer of knowledge and technology. Started 2003 Covering three geographic areas: Latin America (19 countries), Mediterranean (5 countries), Sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries).
Participating agencies AECID-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Type of projects and topics
Different modalities: funding of joint research projects; joint teaching projects; grants for preparatory actions (attending congresses, mobility); support for integrated actions to enhance institutions (courses, scholarships, mobility, equipment…) of one of the countries involved.
Funding mode Around 22 M€ Beneficiaries Universities and Public Research Organisations of Spain and countries of the
aforementioned geographic areas, doing research or graduate teaching. Data sources Information about financing projects and fellowships into the different
programs is available in the website Website http://www.aecid.es/web/es/becas/pci/
3.6. Cases of exclusion: revision of the national perimeter after the data collection
Besides general cases of exclusion defined according to the methodology developed for the
JOREP project at the early stage of the data collection, the perimeter has been further revised
after checking the programs in detail during the data collection. So far a final list of selected
programs has been developed as well as a list of excluded programs. The motivations for
exclusion have been the following:
-Projects with low budget
Funding Agency Program Type
AECID PCI Aid (Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e
Investigación Científica)
D
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-Human resources:
-Pre- and post-doctoral scholarships. “Juan de la Cierva” and “Ramón y Cajal”
researchers’ engagements.
-cases of mobility of researchers, as those financed by MICINN or CSIC through
bilateral agreements with universities, Research Councils and Academia of different
countries
-Master and PhD scholarships from AECID
-Projects from the Autonomous Regions
-Recent projects with no available data
After the collection of data and the contacts established with the responsible of each program,
some programs were removed from the perimeter:
Program identifier
Name of the program in English Motivation for exclusion from the perimeter
PEU008 ERA-NET TRANSPORT II No Spanish Project approved
PEU014 EULANEST First call in 2010
PEU017 EUROTRANSBIO (ETB-PRO) No Spanish Project approved
PR049 International Union for Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC)
Call in 2009 was a pre-selection of projects. Financing started in 2010.
PR051 NSF-Materials & Chemistry
Chemistry was removed because there was no Spanish Project approved in 2009. Now it is only NSF-Materials
PR061 Technological Cooperation with South Africa (SASI)
First call in 2010
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4 Overall assessment and discussion
The Spanish Science, Technology and Innovation System is based on the Science Law (1986)
and principally oriented to promote R&D&I activities in Spain through the six National Plans
that were launched since. These National Plans were aware of the need to open the Spanish
system towards cooperation with foreign researchers, and this internationalisation was clearly
enhanced with the fact of Spain becoming a member of the European Union in 1986. The
international cooperation before that date was very limited, due to the closed political
situation of the country. Spain participated in large international organisations, but the most
important cooperation programme launched by Spain at that time was CYTED, the Ibero-
American programme on Science and Technology for Development. It is a bottom-up
multilateral research and innovation agreement between Spain, Portugal (Iberia) and all
Spanish and Portuguese speaking American countries (21 countries in all). It finances
research mobility, research projects, innovation projects IBEROEKA, with the aim to transfer
the research results to the enterprise sector.
As for the national programs, the Spanish R&D&I Plan is open to non-Spanish researchers if
they are working in Spanish institutions. It is centred in promoting excellence in Spanish
research and development -carried out mostly by public institutions- and promoting
innovation in the enterprise sector, with special emphasis in the transfer of technology and in
establishing links between the public and the private sector. The R&D&I effort of Spanish
enterprises is much lower than that of EU average, due to a limited number of researchers and
to the fact that a large number of companies are SME. CDTI is active in promoting research
in enterprises and creating the interface between public research institutions and companies.
Only some of the diverse activities of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to
Development (AECID) can be considered as an open programme. Amongst them are
scholarships devoted to Masters and PhD students of developing countries and particularly
research and teaching projects (PCI).
4.1 Availability of data and methodological issues
Data collection was developed in three main steps. The first step was the filling of a full list
with descriptors on joint and open programmes and funding agencies. The second step
concerned the collection of information on funding and beneficiaries. After cross-checking of
data (by NIFU), a final version of data was elaborated in September 2011.
Considering that, in general, most data on projects and funding are publicly available in the
official web site of the funding agency; the web pages of the Ministry of Science and
Innovation (MICINN), CDTI and the Regional Governments were consulted. All possible
Joint and Open Programs (JOREP) Spanish National Report
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data from these sources was retrieved.
Principal sources of information used were:
- Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) http://www.micinn.es
- Centre for Technological and Industrial Development http://www.cdti.es
- Institute of Health Carlos III http://www.isciii.es
If the information was not complete, the international website of the program was consulted.
Other sources of information used were: official reports, power point presentations in
conferences.
These sources were useful to complete programs descriptors but, in general, information
about funding is not easily available.
To complete these data, in some cases the responsible of each project was contacted (by
phone) explaining the characteristics of JOREP project and the need to obtain and validate the
information previously collected. After the phone contact an e-mail was sent to the
responsible of each program with a table asking to complete and validate data.
In some cases, when there were ambiguities, inconsistencies or difficulties to understand data
(mainly budgeting information) a personal interview with the responsible of the program was
agreed. After the interview, if there were some doubts left, another e-mail was sent with a
table including data for a final validation.
4.2 Problems encountered with data availability and measures taken to
overcome problems
This section reports on problems encountered during data collection on joint and open
programs.
A)- Programs descriptors (first phase of data collection)
Almost all descriptors were collected through the calls available, in general on the web page
of the funding agency. Considering information on Bilateral and Multilateral programs, no
substantial problem was encountered, except that concerning budget data. Information
difficult to be retrieved mainly concerned ESF-EUROCORES and EFDA - European Fusion
Development Agreement. In both cases information about Spanish participation and data
about responsible of the program was not available.
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Only one Open program was considered and all information about descriptors was collected
through its website.
The difficulties encountered can be summarized in:
- Disorganized information in national website: in many cases it was not easy to find the
information related with the project
- No data about national contact for the programs (we had to phone and ask for different
persons)
- No historical information about previous calls. Only latest calls (2011) had complete
information.
B)- Funding flows to agencies (second stage of the data collection)
In general, information about budget was not publicly available. In other cases, public
information on budget was not clear. In some cases the totals could correspond to the total of
the program (including EU funds) or to national funds planned to be granted or effectively
granted. We had to consult with the responsible of the program to clarify this information.
In a few number of programs this information could not be found: MARTEC; EUREKA
initiatives (information about calls before 2008 was not available); ESF-EUROCORES and
ESF-European Collaborative Research Projects in the social sciences (MICINN was the
funding agency but this information was not available); ESA programs (information before
2005 was not available); Art. 185- European Metrology Research Program and Art. 185-
Europe-Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (information about Spanish
participation and data about responsible for the program was not available); Program of
cooperation with Argentina (it is a recent program and information of funding is not available
yet).
C)- Funding flows to beneficiaries (third and last stage of the data collection)
In general, the text of the call details the potential beneficiary of each program but there was
no information about distribution of funds according with the sector of beneficiaries. To
obtain this information the responsible of the program was consulted. When data about
funding was not available (in programs mentioned above) neither funding distribution was
available. In other programmes as: EuroNanoMed; MATERA; MATERA+; NEURON; Art.
185- Ambient Assisted Living; Eureka initiatives (before 2007); ESF-EUROCORES;
International Cancer Genome Consortium, the distribution of funding between public and
private sector was not available and this information could not be estimated by the responsible
of the program.
A progressive refinement of the data was possible during the three stages of the data
collection especially through the checking with funding agencies and international cross-
checking.
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5 Discussion on national participation to joint and open R&D
programs
5.1. Participation to joint initiatives (EU and national)
Spain has a large participation in joint initiatives. Since the early 80's it has participated in
programs such as ESA, Eureka initiatives and Ibero-American Programme on Science and
Technology for Development (CYTED). The Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)
is the main funding agency especially for scientific programs, and the Centre for Industrial
and Technological Development (CDTI) is concentrated in management of calls on
technological and innovative programs. In the last years also the Regional governments
(NUTS2) appear as important actors in the R&D system.
It is important to remark several bilateral agreements with countries as USA, Japan, India,
Argentina, Brazil, Canada and other multilateral agreements with EU countries and Latin-
American countries.
There is only one Open Program managed by the Spanish Agency for International
Cooperation to Development (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el
Desarrollo - AECID), that depends on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. Since
2003 there is a Program for Interuniversity cooperation and Scientific Research (PCI) that
promotes the cooperation with countries from three geographic areas: Latin America (19
countries), Mediterranean (5 countries), Sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries).
All these cooperative efforts reflect the integration of Spain in the international context and its
interest in promoting relations with countries of different regions.
5.2. Level of funding: general observations on national financial commitment
on joint R&D activities
Differences in the amount of funding emerge. The higher budgets are for EUREKA initiatives
and ESA programs.
Considering potential beneficiaries we can see that the Spanish participation is open in
general, to all sectors, and there are specific calls to promote the R&D activity in the private
sector.
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In the case of Spain, although many of the projects encourage private sector participation, it is
important to note that the actual participants remain mainly within the public sector.
Considering the data collected (including ESA and EUREKA) the distribution of funding
represents 52% for the public sector and 48% for the private sector.
Among the projects analyzed, a significant amount of funds for the private sector comes from
the EUREKA initiative and from funds for technological cooperation managed by CDTI. But
we must take into account that in both cases they are loans, of which only 33% is non-
refundable, and the rest is a credit at zero interest. Considering this situation, the real funding
represents 65% for the public sector and 35% for the private sector.
Another final observation about funding is the lack of detailed statistical information on
project funding in the OECD GBAORD (Government budget and appropriations or outlays
for R&D).
5.3. Relation with other EU initiatives
The ERANETS schemes represent the most diffused programs with an important Spanish
participation. For the other European programs the participations are focused in areas of Life
Sciences, Medical Research, Biology and Engineering.
5.4. Relationships with national R&D programmes
The R&D&I National Plan is the instrument through which the General Administration of the
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State promotes, coordinates and plans the scientific and technical research in Spain. Actually
the VI NP has a line of action devoted to International Cooperation, as one of the principal
objectives to promote the visibility and integration of the Spanish research activities. It is
managed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation. Other important funding agencies are the
Regional Governments (as Madrid, Catalonia or Basque Country). There are also important
agreements between the National Research Council (CSIC) and Research Institutions or
Academia from other countries, to develop joint projects and to promote collaborative
initiatives funding mobility and research training.
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6 References
- Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional AECID: http:www.aecid.es
- Azagra, J. M. An assessment of the research system and policies. Spain 2008. ERAWATCH
Country Report. Institute for Prospective and Technological Studies (IPTS), Joint Research
Centre. Spain.
- Cruz Castro, L. (ed) España 2015: Prospectiva social e investigación científica y
tecnológica. FECYT, Madrid 2004.
- Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología: http://www.fecyt.es
- Gómez, I. and Sanz-Menéndez, L. European Network of Indicators Producers. ENIP-
PRIME Country Report Spain. www.enip-europe.org
- Heijs, J. Spain 2009. ERAWATCH Country Report. Complutense University Madrid
(UCM) http://cordis.europa.eu/erawatch/
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística. INEbase http://www.ine.es
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: http://www.micinn.es/portal/site/MICINN
- Portal web español de movilidad para investigadores: http://www.eracareers.es/fecyt/
- Programa CYTED. Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo:
http://www.cyted.org
-Sanz Menéndez L, Cruz Castro L (eds) Análisis sobre ciencia e innovación en España.
FECYT. Madrid 2010.
- Sebastián J., Muñoz E. (eds) Radiografía de la investigación pública en España. Biblioteca
Nueva. Madrid 2006.
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7 Index of tables
TABLE 1. Internal expenditures per execution sector in Spain, 2008…...….……...………..10
TABLE 2. Execution and funding of R&D in Spain, 2008………...….....………………….11
TABLE 3. Follow-up indicators on R&D in Spain, 2004-2008 ........................................ 12
TABLE 4. Overview of the main project funding agencies in Spain ................................ 13
TABLE 5. GBAORD. Budget for R&D by socio-economic objectives.
Final credits 2008 (thousands Euros) …………………………………………………..……18
TABLE 6. Resources in R&D in Spain according to General Budgets of the State 2008 (thousands Euros)……………….………………………………...……………..18
TABLE 7. Spanish joint programming activities.....................................................................22
TABLE 8 European and International Programs ............................................................ 24
TABLE 9 Joint Programs at European level (with national co-funding) ........................... 26
TABLE 10 Overview of joint programs in Spain .......................................................... 28