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• Reviewtheschedule– Teamassignments

• Unwin reading• Toyamo reading• ReviewofICTDResearch

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Source:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2016.pdf

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Source:Kentaro Toyamahttp://www.kentarotoyama.org/talks/2011%2010%2020%20Myths%20Update%20-%20UW%20Change%20-%20Toyama.ppt

• ICTDinterventions:trendsoverthelastdecade:– ChristopherChepken,RaymondMugwanya,EdwinBlake,andGaryMarsden.2012.ICTD

interventions:trendsoverthelastdecade.InProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment(ICTD'12).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,241-248.DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160704

• ICTDStateoftheUnion:– Patra,R.;Pal,J.;Nedevschi,S.;,"ICTDstateoftheunion:Wherehavewereachedandwherearewe

headed,"InformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment(ICTD),2009InternationalConferenceon,vol.,no.,pp.357-366,17-19April2009doi:10.1109/ICTD.2009.5426693URL:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5426693&isnumber=5426671

• TheChangingFieldofICTD:– RicardoGomez,LuisF.Baron,andBrittanyFiore-Silfvast.2012.ThechangingfieldofICTD:content

analysisofresearchpublishedinselectedjournalsandconferences,2000--2010.InProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment(ICTD'12).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,65-74.DOI=10.1145/2160673.2160682http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2160673.2160682

• Insearchofmissingpieces:Are-examinationoftrendsinICTDresearch– Meghana Marathe,Priyank Chandra,Vaishnav Kameswaran,TsuyoshiKano,andSyedIshtiaque

Ahmed.2016.Insearchofmissingpieces:Are-examinationoftrendsinICTDresearch.In ProceedingsoftheEighthInternationalConferenceonInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment (ICTD'16).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,Article59,4pages.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909644

• GeographicDiversificationofICTDResearch– TsuyoshiKanoandKentaro Toyama.2016.GeographicDiversificationofICTDResearch.InProceedings

oftheEighthInternationalConferenceonInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment(ICTD'16).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,Article57,4pages.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909641

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• Literaturereview– Broadkeywordsearches–Winnoweddownto93articles

• Developedclassification• Analyzedarticlesbasedbasedonthesevariables

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• Extensiveliteraturereview• Surveyof50researchersandpractitionersinthediscipline.– Limitedittoexperts inthediscipline– Experts: 5+years– Discipline:mainstreamresearchanddevelopment

• Intentionallyasmallgroup– Andpotentialforbiasisnoted.

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• Contentanalysisof948papers

• Takenfromselectedpeerreviewedjournalsandconferencespublishedbetween2000and2010

• IntheacademicliteratureontheinterdisciplinaryfieldofInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesforDevelopment(ICTDorICT4D)

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Source:Meghana Marathe,Priyank Chandra,Vaishnav Kameswaran,TsuyoshiKano,andSyedIshtiaque Ahmed.2016.Insearchofmissingpieces:Are-examinationoftrendsinICTDresearch.In ProceedingsoftheEighthInternationalConferenceonInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesandDevelopment (ICTD'16).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,,Article59,4pages.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909644Source:Chepken etal

Source:Patra etalSource:Marathe etal

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Source:Kanoetal

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Source:Gomezetal

Source:Chepken etal

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• InlightoftheUnwinarticleandthediscussionofwhatisdevelopment,noticethisexcerptfromtheGomezetalabstract.ResultsindicatethatthemajorityoftheliteraturefocusesonbusinessandempowermentastheprimarydomainsofICTDwork,andonICTingeneralandoninformationsystemsasthemostcommontechnologyobjectsofanalysis,withagrowingtrendtowardmobilephones.

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• Low-costcomputing– OLPCXO$100laptopfor$188– OLPCXOTabletfor$129– Aakash $35tablet– RaspberryPi$25computer

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• Computer-aidedlearning• Interfacedesignandsharedcomputing–MultiMouse

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• Cellphones forgame-basedlearning• Open sourcesoftware– E.g.Edubuntu

• Opensourcecurriculum– OpenCurriculum

• http://www.opencurriculum.org

– FoundedbyCMUHeinzgrad:Varun Arora

• SMSforquestion/answeruniversitylectures

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Millee.org - DesigningeducationalgamestoteachEnglishonlow-costmobilephones.

LeadPI:MattKam

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• TCinGC– Studentinformationsystems

• Alaska,Ghana,Philippines,Palau,India– Schoolinfrastructure

• Rwanda,Philippines,CookIslands

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• Migrationofserviceson-line• Migrate transactionstoon-line• Enablee-payments• E-voting

• Intendedto:– Lowertransactioncosts– Broadenavailability– Improvetransparency

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• "EstablishingtheopenWebasabasicrightandapublicgood– EnsuringeveryonecanaccessalloftheInternet,allofthetime.

– Fightingforyourrightstofreedomofexpressionandprivacyonline.

– Democratising theworld'sinformationthroughopendata"

• http://www.webfoundation.org

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• TCinGC– FinancialIntelligence

• Managingdatatoinvestigatemoneylaundering

– Governmentwebsites• CookIslandsMinistriesofAgriculture,Transport,Health,…• PalauFinancialIntelligenceUnit• MarshallIslandsBankingCommission

– Governmentoperations• Naurufuelrationingdatabase• Nauru InformationManagementStrategy

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• Telemedicine– Longdistancecommunicationtoexpandaccesstoremoteruralareaswheretherearenodoctors

• InformationGathering– Particularlyforepidemiologicalresearch

• i.e.incidence,distribution,andpossiblecontrolofdiseases– Publichealthsurveying– Patienthealthmonitoring(e.g.TBmedication)– Healthcareaidimpactassessment

• Expatdoctorsconnectingbackhome– Webtechnologiesconnectingdoctorsacrossborders

• Low-costmedicaldiagnosticdevices– Ultrasound,x-ray,andsensors

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• TCinGC– CookIslandsMinistryofHealth– PalauMinistryofHealth– Ebeye Hospital– MarshallIslands

• HealthLine– Telephone-basedautomateddialogsystemforaccesstohealthcareinformationbycommunityhealthworkersinPakistan.

– Roni RosenfeldinSCS– http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~healthline/– (Thisresearchhasbeencompleted)

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• Telecenters– Historicallyabigareaofresearch– Poor tomixedresults– Butwellunderstoodnowwhatworksandwhatdoesn't

• Unfortunately,organizationsstilldoitthe"doesn't"way.

• Cellphones andPDAs inorganic certification• Sensornetworksforwatermanagement• Livestockmanagement• Priceinformation• Farmingextensionandinformationsharing• Micro-entrepreneurship

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• Usedvideoto– articulate,– disseminate,– andarchive– agriculturalbestpracticesamongsmallandmarginalfarmers.

• Practices– aparticipatoryprocessforlocalvideoproduction,– ahuman-mediatedinstructionmodelforvideodisseminationandtraining,– ahardwareandsoftwaretechnologyplatformforexchangingdatainareas

withlimitedInternetandelectricalgridconnectivity,and– aniterativemodeltoprogressivelybetteraddresstheneedsandinterestsof

thecommunitywithanalyticaltoolsandinteractivephone-basedfeedbackchannels.

• Interestingnote:videosstartwithlocalvillageentertainment.• 5timesmorefarmersadoptedsustainablefarmingpracticesafterusing

DigitalGreenthanhadwithprioragriculturalextensionpractices.• DigitalGreen:http://www.digitalgreen.org/

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• Communicationsbackbones– E.g.Fiber Africa

• Long-distanceuseofwifi– E.g. 6MBPS Upto400km

• Wifi meshnetworks• Lowpower,unreliablepower

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• Visuallyenhancedinterfacesforilliterateusers• Speechbasedsystemsforagricultureandhealthcare

• Smallscreensfor usingmobilephones

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©JoeMertz– TechnologyforInternationalDevelopment 36Source:Gomezetal

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Source:Chepken etal

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• Seethewiki…–WatersofAyolevideodocumentary–Whatisparticipatoryresearch– ConsideringFailure:EightYearsofITIDResearch

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