January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal

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Proposal for the realization of Santilli's comparative test on the gravity of electrons and positrons via a

horizontal supercooled vacuum tube

Dr. ir. Victor de Haan BonPhysics Research and Investigations BV, Puttershoek, The Netherlands

www.bonphysics.nl

Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810

January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal

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Outline

• Introduction

• Principle

• Requirements

• Conclusions

January 6, 2011 ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal

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Introduction

e-e+

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• Experimental detection: J. J. Thomson (1897)

• Mass: +9.10938215(45)×10−31 kg• Electric charge: −1.602176487(40)×10−19 C

• Magnetic moment: −1.00115965218111 μB (A. H. Compton 1917, G.E. Uhlenbeck S. Goudsmit 1926)

• Weight: ?

History

electrone-

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• Experimental detection: C. D. Anderson (1932)

• Mass / Charge *): +5.685629(1) 10−12 kg/C

• Weight: ?

History

positron e+

*) Mass and charge separately can only be determined from theoretical derived results from experiments on composed particles.

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Witteborn-Fairbank (1967)

History

51 peV

e-

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History

LEAR / PS200 (anti-proton) (1982 – 1996)

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Current at Cern

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Current:

Athena, CERN (anti-hydrogen) AEGIS, CERN (anti-hydrogen interferometer) AGE, Fermilab (anti-hydrogen)

Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter

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Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter

Reasons for not using anti protons / positrons:

• electrical forces by Surface potential patches Shift of the electrons in the tube due to gravitational forcesLeaking in at the end of the tube Possible off-axis movement of the particle

• forces due to magnetic fields• scattering on residual gas atoms• the low yield of eV positrons• questionable usefulness of its precision (1%–0.1%)

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What about electron / positron anti-gravity?

Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter

Most objections can be overcome by using a

horizontal well shielded flight path

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Principle:

xo

ge

gp

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

xo

ge

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

xo

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

xo

L

Vacuum tube

e-e+

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Principle including focussing:

xo

ge

gp

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

Apertures

Lens

xo

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

Apertures

Lens

xo

L

Vacuum tube

Detector

Source

Apertures

Lens

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Requirements:

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000

Kinetic energ / micro eV

Def

lect

ion

/ mm

L = 10 m L = 100 m

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Requirements:

Based on wavelike properties of electron

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Requirements:

Wavelike properties of electron givefocal spot from point source: Airy disk

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Requirements:

Airy disk < Gravity deflection

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Requirements:

Resolution limited

0.001 < < 0.1 Lower level: source strengthUpper level: paraxial approximation

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Requirements:

Resolution limited

= 0.001

= 0.01

= 0.001

= 0.01

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Requirements:

Surface Patch effect

Optical phase along a trajectory:

Refractive index as function of potential:

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Requirements:

Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect

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Requirements:

Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect

Horizontal flight path (this proposal):

Vertical flight path (Witteborn & Fairbank):

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Requirements:

Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect

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Conclusions:

• With current technology the proposed experiment is perfectly feasible

• Largest challenge is the adequate shielding of the flight path

• Surface Patch effects have much less influence for the considered geometry

• Also the other reasons not to use positrons haveeither much less influence in this geometry or are not valid

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Thank you for your attention !

Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810