Islamic Achievement & Influence

Muslim Urban Centers● Education increased w/ creation

of Universities● Scholars preserved classical

works of Greece/Rome● Improved Indian/Persian

discoveries● Cities included:

● Baghdad (Iraq)● Cordoba (Spain)● Damascus (Syria)● Cairo (Egypt)● Timbuktu (Mali)

Cairo

Role of Women

● Rights determined by interpreters of Koran.

● “Men are managers of women’s affairs.”

● “Righteous women are therefore obedient”

● In early days, women could get an education.

● Inheritance rights● Could divorce and

remarry

Women in full Burqas

House of Wisdom

● Islamic center for scholars (University)

● Opened by Caliph al-Ma’mum in early 800’s

● Included library, academy, & translation center.

● Interpreted/translated works from Greece, Rome, India, Persia & others.

● Scholars gathered to study & analyze

Muhammad preached education important in order to serve Allah

Medical Advances● al-Razi

● Created encyclopedia - Comprehensive Book

● collected medical knowledge from Greece, Syria, India, & Arabic sources.

● Cleaner air could help recovery

● Called for good nutrition & exercise

● Wrote findings in Treatise on Smallpox & Measles

Mathematic Achievements

● Related to study of Astronomy

● Al-Khwarizmi● created a technique

Al-Jabr = Algebra● Trigonometry

developed● Arabic Numeral

System ● adopted from India

(3:16)

Scientific Achievements

● Used observation & conducted lab experiments

● Ibn al-Haytham● produced first book on

Optics.● Studies led to

development of lenses for telescopes & microscopes.

Astronomy

● 5 Pillars led to Astronomical advances (Why?)

● Needed accurate Lunar calendar to observe religious periods

● Cartography (mapmaking) became prominent

● Astrolabe● scientific instrument used to

navigate on seas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk

Essential Knowledge

165. Why were Muslims interested in Education?

166. What was the Muslims’ first ‘university’?

167. Match the following Muslims to their correct field of study: Al-Razi, Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham (Medicine, Mathematics, Optics)

168. From where do the Arabic Numerals originate?

Muslim Literature●The Rubaiyat

●Collection of poems●Omar Khayyam

●Persian mathematician & Astronomer

“Yesterday & today go on without us:Tomorrow what’s the charge against me, pray?In youth, I studied for a little while;Later I boasted of my mastery,Yet this was all the lesson I learned:We come from dust, and with the wind are gone,Of all the travelers on this endless roadNo one returns to tell us where it leads,There’s little in this world but greed and need,Leave nothing here, for you will not return.”

Muslim Literature● Follows storytelling

tradition of Bedouins● Koran considered

standard for all Islamic literature.

● The Thousand and One Nights: Arabian Nights tales about the Abbasid period – a Golden Age

● collection of fairy tales, parables, & legends.

Muslim Art & Architecture

● Calligraphy – the art of beautiful handwriting

Mosaics

Muslim Art & Architecture

● Much of Islamic architecture is a blending of Byzantine architecture with Muslim ideas.

The Taj Mahal

(1630-1635)

* Tomb built by Emperor Shah

Jahan as a tomb for his beloved

wife

MinaretsOnion Dome

Dome of the Rock(3:20)

Why is the Dome of the Rock significant to Muslims? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egB0Ej9cE_Y

The city of Cordoba, Spain

Essential Knowledge

169. What is the art of beautiful handwriting?170. Name India’s most classic form of

Islamic architecture?171. What art form, borrowed from the

Byzantines, uses small pieces of tile/glass to create images?

172. What battle is credited with stopping the Muslim advance on Europe?