Post on 16-May-2018
61/2016
IRREGULARVERBS
DODATEK
Poradnik językowy jest bezpłatnym dodatkiem do English Matters nr 61/2016.Opracowanie: Katarzyna Szpotakowska
Korekta: Graham Crawford
Colorful Media ul. Lednicka 23, 60-413 Poznańtel. 61 833 63 28, redakcja@colorfulmedia.pl
Ilustracja na okładce: lamaip
Language Guide poradnik językowy
If you want to speak English, you cannot ask yourself whether you should learn irregular verbs or not, but rather answer the question of how you can learn them. The list of irregular verbs is long. Sometimes it is difficult to remember how each form should be pronounced. It is easy to confuse some of them, for example ‘to lie’ with ‘to lay’. But, let’s be honest, irregular verbs are indispensable. English Matters has decided to be of assistance in this matter. Study our newest guide and engross yourself in irregular verbs.
to learn sth | uczyć się czegoś irregular verb | czasownik nieregularny pronounced | wymawianyto confuse sth with sth | pomylić coś z czymś
let’s be honest | bądźmy szczerzy indispensable | niezbędny, nieodzownyin this matter | w tej kwestiito engross oneself in sth | dać się pochłonąć czemuś, zagłębić się w coś
English Matters 61|2016
10 irregular verbs everyone needs to knowbe bi – was/were wəz / wə(r) – been biːn / bɪncome kʌm – came keɪm – come kʌmdo də / du – did dɪd – done dʌnget ɡet – got ɡɒt – got ɡɒtgive ɡɪv – gave ɡeɪv – given ˈɡɪvngo ɡəʊ – went went – gone ɡɒnhave həv – had həd – had hədmake meɪk – made meɪd – made meɪdsee siː – saw sɔː – seen siːntake teɪk – took tʊk – taken teɪkn
5 irregular verbs that are extremely usefulbuy baɪ – bought bɔːt – bought bɔːtknow nəʊ – knew njuː – known nəʊnmeet miːt – met met – met metpay peɪ – paid peɪd – paid peɪdthink θɪŋk – thought θɔːt – thought θɔːt
Examples:Thomas bought a new convertible.We’ve known each other for ages.I met Peter for the first time in a club.I paid for my new dishwasher in instalments.I never thought that I would be able to kill another person.
Irregular verbs with three identical formsbet – bet – bet betburst – burst – burst bɜːst
convertible | kabriolet dishwasher | zmywarka instalment ɪnˈstɔːlmənt | ratato bet | zakładać się, obstawiać to burst | wybuchać, pękać, wyskakiwać
English Matters 61|2016English Matters 61|2016
3
cast – cast – cast kɑːstcost – cost – cost kɒstcut – cut – cut kʌthit – hit – hit hɪthurt – hurt – hurt hɜːtlet – let – let letput – put – put pʊtquit – quit – quit kwɪtrid – rid – rid rɪdset – set – set setshed – shed – shed ʃedthrust – thrust – thrust θrʌst
Tricky irregular verbsteach tiːtʃ – taught tɔːt – taught tɔːtcost kɒst – cost kɒst – cost kɒstlead liːd – led led – led ledlight laɪt – lit lɪt – lit lɪtlend lend – lent lent – lent lent
Lie vs Laylie laɪ – lay leɪ – lain leɪnto be in a flat positionDuring the terrorist attack, I lay on the floor pretending to be already dead.lay leɪ – laid leɪd – laid leɪd
to cast sb | obsadzać kogoś (w roli)to quit sth | rzucać coś, rezygnować z czegoś to rid sth | eliminować coś, pozbywać się czegoś to shed sth | z/rzucać coś, pozbywać się czegoś, rozrzucać cośto thrust | popychać, naciskać to light sth | oświetlać coś to lend | pożyczać to lie | leżeć flat | płaskifloor | podłogato lay sth | położyć coś, kłaść coś
English Matters 61|2016
4
to put something down in a flat positionI laid the wedding dress on the bed and thought that I couldn’t be happier.
Saw vs Sew vs Sowsaw sɔː – sawed sɔː d – sawn sɔːnto cut something by means of a sawHe sawed all the logs.sew səʊ – sewed səʊd – sewn səʊnto create clothes with the use of a needle and threadAll my suits were sewn by a tailor.sow səʊ – sowed səʊd – sown səʊnto plant seedsThe seeds shouldn’t be sown in summer.
Fall vs Feelfall fɔːl – fell fel – fallen ˈfɔːlənMary tripped and fell onto the wet floor.feel fiːl – felt felt – felt feltHave you ever felt lonely?
5 irregular verbs which are difficult to pronouncebring brɪŋ – brought brɔːt – brought brɔːtdraw drɔː – drew druː – drawn drɔːn
to saw sth | piłować coś saw sɔː | piła log | polanoto sew | szyć needle | igłathread | nić tailor | krawiecto sow | siać to plant sth | sadzić cośseed | nasionoto trip | potknąć się to draw sth | rysować coś
English Matters 61|2016English Matters 61|2016
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to wind sth | kręcić, nakręcać coś neighbourhood | sąsiedztwocontest | konkursburst its banks | wystapić z brzegów, wylałaflood flʌd | powódźimpeccable | nienaganny, bez zarzutu, tu: idealny
sing sɪŋ – sang sæŋ – sung sʌŋswim swɪm – swam swæm – swum swʌmwind waɪnd – wound waʊuːnd – wound waʊnd
Examples:I brought you an umbrella. It might be raining in the afternoon.She drew a map of her neighbourhood.During the contest, she sang a song by the Beatles.I’ve never swum in the ocean.The bandage was wound around his head.
5 irregular verbs that can refer to natureblow bləʊ – blew bluː – blown bləʊnburst bɜːst – burst bɜːst – burst bɜːstgrow ɡrəʊ – grew ɡruː – grown ɡrəʊnrise rɑɪz – rose rəʊz – risen ˈrɪz(ə)nshine ʃaɪn – shone ʃɒn – shone ʃɒn
Examples:The wind blew straight into my face.The river burst its banks during the summer flood.The trees had grown a lot since our last visit.The sun rose into the sky.The weather was impeccable. The sun shone high in the sky.
5 irregular verbs that can refer to household activitiesdrink drɪŋk – drank dræŋk – drunk drʌŋkeat iːt – ate et – eaten ˈiːt(ə)nfeed fiːd – fed fed – fed fed
English Matters 61|2016
6
to grind | mielić to sweep | zamiatać ingredient | składnikto bleed | krwawićto sting sb | u/kłuć, u/żądlić kogoś several | kilkamoped | jednoślad wasp wɒsp | osato leap | przeskoczyć, skakać
grind ɡraɪnd – ground ɡraʊnd – ground ɡraʊndsweep swiːp – swept swept – swept swept
Examples:I’ve never drunk a shake like this before. What are the ingredients?Mary has just had breakfast.I fed the baby an hour ago. It should still be sleeping for another hour.I love the smell of freshly ground coffee.Take off your shoes, please. I’ve just swept the floor.
5 irregular verbs that can refer to accidentsbreak breɪk – broke brəʊk –broken ˈbrəʊkənbleed bliːd – bled bled – bled bledhit hɪt – hit hɪt – hit hɪtsting stɪŋ – stung stʌŋ – stung stʌŋburn bɜːn – burnt bɜːnt – burnt bɜːnt
Examples:I broke my leg when I was skiing.The wound bled for several more minutes.Betty was hit by a moped while she was crossing the street.The wasp stung her on the foot.The house was completely burnt out. Everything was destroyed.
5 irregular verbs for advanced learnersleap liːp – leapt lept – leapt lept
English Matters 61|2016English Matters 61|2016
7
seek siːk – sought sɔːt – sought sɔːtshrink ʃrɪŋk – shrank ʃræŋk – shrunk ʃrʌŋktear teə(r) – tore tɔː(r) – torn tɔːnweep wiːp – wept wept – wept wept
Examples:They leapt out through the bathroom window.First of all, I sought the author’s permission, and then when he agreed we published the poems.The dress shrank after washing it in the washing machine.I tore the pictures into pieces trying at the same time to wipe out all the painful memories.She wept and wept and we couldn’t do anything but be there with her.
to seek | szukać to shrink | s/kurczyć sięto tear | po/drzećto weep | łkaćpermission | pozwolenie, zezwoleniepoem | wierszto wipe out sth | wymazać coś but | tu: oprócz
English Matters 61|2016
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Exercises
Fill in the table with the missing forms of the verbs
hit hit
tear tore
fed fed
sow sown
went gone
grow grew
lay laid
think thought
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs presented in the brackets
I ……………………… and ……………………….(weep) but no one ………………………. (hear) me. I was trapped in the middle of nowhere.I ………….(lay) your glasses on the night table.Mary was …………………(sting) by a hornet.The room was ……………… (light) by a few candles.The wound ……………………(bleed) for another two hours.My 2-year-old son ……………………(draw) a cat for the first time in his life.It literally …………………….. (cost) a fortune. You can’t say now that you don’t like it.My neighbour………… (feed) my dogs when I was away.
English Matters 61|2016English Matters 61|2016
9
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
31
Fill in
the g
ap
with
the m
issing
fo
rm of
the v
erb:
tear –
tore
– …
……
……
……
Wha
t is th
e dif
feren
ce
betw
een t
he
verb
s ‘to
lay’
and ‘
to lie
’?
List 3
irre
gular
ve
rbs t
hat s
tart
with
the l
etter
‘b’
List 3
irre
gular
ve
rbs t
hat c
an
refer
to na
ture
Build
a se
ntenc
e in
Past
Simp
le wi
th th
e ver
b ‘to
draw
’
List 3
form
s of
the v
erb ‘
to se
w’Fil
l in th
e gap
wi
th th
e miss
ing
form
of th
e ve
rb: b
leed –
…
……
……
……
– b
led
List 5
verb
s with
ide
ntica
l pas
t an
d pre
sent
form
s
Wha
t doe
s the
ve
rb ‘ t
o wee
p’ me
an? W
hat a
re
its th
ree f
orms
?
Wha
t are
the
miss
ing le
tters?
tea
ch –
t……
.ght
– t…
…..g
ht
List th
ree
irreg
ular v
erbs
th
at sta
rt wi
th th
e let
ter ‘c
’
List 3
form
s of
the v
erb ‘
to sti
ng’
List 3
form
s of
the v
erb ‘
to fa
ll’Fil
l in th
e gap
wi
th th
e miss
ing
form
of th
e ver
b: ris
e – ro
se –
……
……
……
.
Build
a se
ntenc
e in
pass
ive vo
ice
with
the v
erb
‘grind
’
Wha
t is th
e dif
feren
ce
betw
een t
he
verb
s ‘to
sew’
an
d ‘to
sow’
?
List 3
irre
gular
ve
rbs t
hat c
an
refer
to ac
ciden
ts
Wha
t is th
e mi
ssing
ve
rb? W
e’ve
k……
……
……
..ea
ch o
ther
for
ages
.
Wha
t are
the
thre
e for
ms of
th
e ver
b ‘to
hit’?
List 3
form
s of
the v
erb ‘
to lig
ht’
Wha
t is th
e mi
ssing
verb
? I’v
e ne
ver
s……
……
……
…
in th
e oc
ean.
List th
ree f
orms
of
the v
erb ‘
to sh
rink’
Build
a se
ntenc
e in
Pres
ent
Perfe
ct wi
th th
e ve
rb ‘to
seek
’
Fill in
the g
ap
with
the m
issing
fo
rm of
the
verb
: bre
ak –
……
……
……
……
–b
roke
n
List th
ree f
orms
of
the v
erb ‘
to ea
t’
Wha
t doe
s the
ve
rb ‘ t
o quit
’ me
an? W
hat a
re
its th
ree f
orms
?
Wha
t are
the
miss
ing le
tters?
blo
w – b
l…w
– bl…
….n
List th
ree f
orms
of
the v
erb ‘
to fe
ed’
Build
a qu
estio
n in
Pres
ent
Perfe
ct wi
th th
e ve
rb ‘to
bring
’?
List 3
irre
gular
ve
rbs w
ith
diffic
ult
pron
uncia
tion
Wha
t are
the
thre
e for
ms
of th
e ver
b ‘to
cost’
?
Irreg
ular
verb
chal
leng
e. C
alen
dar f
or o
ne m
onth
of y
our c
hoice
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English Matters 61|2016
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6-41
84 IN
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221
686
NAKŁ
AD: 1
1.00
0
do odsłuchania
artykuły w formacie
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SŁÓWEK z magazynu w pliku pdf
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English Matters 61|2016