Irredentism (from Italian irredento, "unredeemed") is any position of a state advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds

of common ethnicity or prior historical possession, actual or alleged.

p. 237

2014 pro-democracy in Kiev

Vladimir Putin

Russia took Crimea

The battle for eastern Ukraine

Mysterious convoy

Analyze European map over last 400 years. What do you notice overall, and particularly about

Crimea? Why would Russia want Crimea?

p. 237

Devolution: the process whereby regions within a state demand and

gain strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the

central government.

Former USSR, esp. Caucasus

Chechnya

c. 2002

Grozny during

Breslan school

300 children killed

What is source of conflict in Chechnya? See next slide:

The new Grozny

Why no significant devolutionary pressure in Switzerland?

Swiss cantons have much autonomy.

Chechnya now ‘stable’ after 30,000 to 50,000 Chechens and 5,000

Russian troops killed.

What is source of Russian desire for Ukraine?