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Course Objectives• Grasp the basic knowledge of network• Understand network evolution history and classification of
network• Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function• Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its
position
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Course Outline
• Chapter I Network Overview
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Definition of Network
Computer network refers to interconnect ion of separately distributed computers and external communication equipments to form a system for easy information exchanging and resource sharing among multiple pieces of computers.
IP HotelMobile
Server
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Network Evolution History
Phase 2 : 70’s - 80’s
Phase 4 : 80’s till now
Phase 1 : 50’s - 60’s
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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Classification of Network
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metro Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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LAN
LAN usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated
several independent data devices to enable users to share
network resources.
Features: short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate
and reliable transmission.
The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network
equipments and communication media.
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MAN
MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to
hundreds of kilometers
Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several
Gbit/s
Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN
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WAN
WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data
communication within wide areas. WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of
kilometers.
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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Course Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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OSI Reference Model Overview
Data Transmission between Networks
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Network Layer
Physical Layer
Data Transmission between Hosts
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
OSI RM: Open System Interconnection Reference Model
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Functions of Each Layer
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Provide communication between application programs
Process data format and encryption
Establish, maintain and manage sessions
Establish end-to-end connection
Addressing and routing
Provide media access and link management
Bit stream transmission
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Network Layer
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Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model
Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate.
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Network Layer
Physical Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer APDU
Bits
Frame
Packet
Segment
SPDU
PPDU
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Network Layer
Physical Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
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Upper Layer Data
Upper Layer DataTCP Header
IP Header
LLC Header
0101110101001000010
MAC Header
Segment
Packet
Bits
Frame
PDU
FCS
FCS
Data Encapsulation
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Session Layer
Upper Layer Data
Upper Layer Data
Upper Layer Data
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Upper Layer Data
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
MAC Header
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
LLC Header
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
IP Header
Upper Layer Data
TCP Header
0101110101001000010
Transport Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Session Layer
Data De-encapsulation
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Physical Layer
Physical Layer • Moves bits between devices• Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI
Reference Model.
Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream
transmission.
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Physical Layer also defines:
Media Type
Connector Type
Signal Type
Function of Physical Layer
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HUB
Host
Host
10Base2—Ethernet thin-wire10Base5—Ethernet thick-wire
10BaseT—TP
Ethernet/802.3
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HUB works on Physical Layer The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star
Topology but Bus Topology logically. All devices are in one Collision Domain The more terminals, the more collisions All devices share the bandwidth
Collision Domain: an assembling of all the workstations on the
same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a
group of nodes contending the same bandwidth.
HUB
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Data-link Layer
Data-link Layer
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames
• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction
Physical Layer
• Moves bits between devices• Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model
Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network
Layer of destination host.
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Data-link Layer defines: Physical source and destination addresses
Define network topology
Control of frame order
Flow Control
Function of Data-link Layer
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DataSource address FCSLengthDestination
address
Variable Length266 4
00.d0.d0 xx.xx.xx
Distributed by manufacturer
The manufacturer code assigned by
IEEE
Preamble
Ethernet II uses “Type” in this field.
MAC address
8# Bytes
MAC Address
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Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer
Each network segment connected to each port is an
individual Collision Domain
All network segments are in one Broadcast Domain
Broadcast Domain: assembly of nodes that receive same
broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network
segment with other broadcast nodes.
Switch/Bridge
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Network Layer
EIA/TIA-232V.35
IPIPX
NetworkLayer
• Provides logic addressing which routers use for path determination
Data-link Layer
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames
• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction
Physical Layer
• Moves bits between devices • Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables
802.3 / 802.2HDLC
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Defines Logical Address
Addressing and Routing
Network Layer IP, IPX
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
EIA/TIA-232v.35
Eth
ern
et
HDLC
802.2
802.3
Functions of Network Layer
FR
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Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted by two parts: Network address and Host address.
IP address
Network address Host address
10. 8.2.48
Logical Address(1)
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11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary Mask
Binary Address
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204
255
Address Mask
255 0 0
Network Host
Logical Address(2)
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Functions: Logical routing Select best routing path Broadcast control Multicast Control Flow Control
Router
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Course Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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TCPUDPSPX
802.3 / 802.2HDLC
EIA/TIA-232V.35
IPIPX
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
• Provides reliable or unreliable delivery• Performs error correction before
retransmit
Network Layer
• Provides logical addressing,which routers use for path determination
Data-link Layer
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames• Provides access to media using MAC address• Performs error detection not correction
Physical Layer
• Moves bits between devices• Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables
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Functions: Segment Upper Layer Data Establish end-to-end connection between application programs Flow control Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication
Network Layer IPXIP
Transport Layer SPXTCP UDP
Function of Transport Layer
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Synchronizing
Acknowledgement, Synchronizing
Acknowledgement
Data Transmission
Sender Receiver
Connection Established
Connection-oriented Session
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Summary
Definition of Network Network Evolution History Classification of Networks OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer Common Network Devices