Post on 16-Apr-2017
Expanding the Web beyond desktop and mobile
to the Web of Things
Webinos IoT Workshop,Oxford23 July 2013
Dave Raggett
Before the Web
Vannevar Bush
Scientific advisor to President RooseveltAs We May Think
published July 1945 in
The Atlantic Monthly
A conceptual machine (the Memex) that can
store vast quantities of interlinked information
Same article describes the Cyclops Camera:"worn on forehead, it
would photograph
anything you see and want to record
Douglas Engelbart
Mid-1960's Inventor of the computer mouse, he led work on hypertext and graphical user interfaces at SRI International
Ted Nelson
1960 launches Project XanaduGoal: a networked pay-per-document hypertext database encompassing all written information
1965 Ted coins the term Hypertextin "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery
Other Pioneers
Alan KayObject oriented computing and window based graphical user interfaces in the 70's whilst at Xerox PARCThe best way to predict the future is to invent it!
Bill AtkinsonDeveloper of the Apple Hypercard systemHypermedia
apps with a stack of cards, graphics
and simple scripting, first released in 1987
CERN birthplace of the Web
International research centre for high energy physics located near Geneva
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Atlas detector
Probing conditions at earliest moments of the Universe
Tim Berners-Lee
Friend of a friend at Oxford, we first meet in '92
1980 Develops Enquire as a simple hypertext system whilst consulting for CERN
1989 Project proposal for World Wide Web
1994 Founds W3C to lead the Web to its full potential
Enquire
> ENQUIREEnquire V 1.1
Hello!Opening file (PSK-PCP)VAC-V1:ENQR...
PSB Vacuum Control System (concept) < O>--- ------ ------- ------
[ 1] described-by: Enquiry System An experimental system for which this is a test.
[ 2] includes: Vacuum History System Records and displays slow changes in pressure.
[ 3] includes: Vacuum equipment modules Perform all the hardware interface
[ 4] includes: Control and status applications programs Provide operator interaction from the consoles.
[ 5] described-by: Controle du System a Vide du Booster 11-2-80 Operational specification of the software
[ 6] includes: PSB Pump Surveillance System PCP 228 Allows rapid monitoring of pressure changes
[number ]
1990 WWW Architecture
The Web expands ...
1. TBL's Next Computer at CERN
2. PC from early '90's
3. MacbookPro
6. HTML5 in the Car (QNX)
5. Connected TV
4. Smart Phone (Nexus S)
What is the W3C?
International community where Members, a full-time staff and the public collaborate to develop Web standards
Led by Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeff Jaffe
Hosted by MIT, ERCIM, Keio and Beihang
Community Groups open to all at no fee
Business Groups get more staff support
Technical Working GroupsDevelop specs into W3C Recommendations
Participants from W3C Members and invited experts
W3C Patent process for royalty free specifications
The Open Web Platform
The Open Web Platform
Advantages of the
Open Web Platform
HTML5 and the Open Web Platform as the obvious choice when you
want to reach out to many devicesNon-proprietary open standards,
that
can be implemented free of royalties
Huge pool of developers
Reduced learning curve, and lower costCompared to languages and SDKs for iOS, Android, Windows 8, ...
Avoid overheads associated with native app stores
New HTML for system applicationsTrusted apps with rich connection to the devicehttp://www.w3.org/2012/sysapps/
Rich access to
device capabilities
Mouse, touch and key press events
Location, motion, proximity and orientation
Microphone, camera and ambient light
Address book and calendar data
Battery status and vibration
Notifications
Network information
Others, e.g. NFC and secure elements
The Internet of Things
What is the Internet of Things?
Continuing advances in integrated circuits and networking technologies
This has made it practical to deploy a wide range of connected sensors and actuatorsSmart phones with a multiplicity of sensors
Sensors arrays designed for long battery life
RFID, NFC and bar codes for physical objects
with a virtual world presence
IoT research work focus on low level communication
But until now, little effort on easy app development
What makes the IoT interesting?
What are some of the use cases?Smart cities
Smart homes
Smart healthcare
Smart retail
What are some of the challenges?Security, privacy, scalability, open ecosystems
What are some of the things we can expect next?Open platforms, open markets and open standards
Which Sectors will benefit from the IoT and IoS?
From an unpublished survey in 2013 by Compose project
Which factors influence IoT solution purchasers?
Smart Cities
Collecting and exploiting information to make cities more efficient and better places to live and workTransportJourney planning (car, bus, tram, metro, train, walking, cycling)
Parking (directions to parking space, finding your car)
Smarter control over traffic lights
Smart utilities e.g. electricity, gas, and water
Finding out what's on and where (location based search) Shopping, entertainment, sports, ...
City planning based upon richer data
Smart City Expo
World Congress 2012
http://www.smartcityexpo.com/
Smart Homes
Lots of opportunities for the IoT in your homeSecurity and remote monitoring
Heating, lighting, and watering the plantsSaving you money on your utility bills
Based upon your habits, weather forecast, ...
Services that span your personal devicesEntertainment, journey planning, ...
Home healthcare (see smart healthcare)
Smart warranties for white goodsEnabling 3rd parties to monitor health of your devices
Proactive service appointments at your convenience
Smart Healthcare
As we live longer healthcare costs are rising unsustainably
Smart sensors and actuators will enable more people to be treated at home under the remote supervision of their local doctor
Offering better quality of life, better outcomes and reduced costs
But, we need to rise to the challenges of privacy and security
Smart Retail
Tags on products will enable more and better informationProvenance where was this made, and were the suppliers treated fairly?
Will I (or a member of my family) have an allergic reaction
to
eating this food, and what recommendations are there for safe
alternatives?
Help with planning my meals healthy recipes for those on a budget
I want to see independent reviews before purchase!
What other items of clothing would complement this one?
I want to see how I would look in a given combination of clothes
Tailor made clothing manufactured to fit me perfectly
What products do my friends (or the celebrities I follow) recommend?
Instant check out no more queuing at the busy sales tills
Third party services to help my manage my budget
Smart Meters
Enable people to learn to reduce their consumption, and lower the cost of their bills. If lots of people do this, we can reduce risk of power cuts from overloaded power grids, and help the environment!
Electricity meter Southern Electric (UK)
Gas meter British Gas
Open source hardware
For DIY projects
Publishing your sensor data
http://cosm.com/
Web of Things
Applying web technologies to reduce the
cost of implementing servicesRESTful HTTP, Web Sockets, etc. for
communication
JavaScript APIs acting on local proxies
Overlay networking model to hide information that is
best dealt with at a lower level of abstraction
Rich descriptions and live context management
Distributed processing (in devices and in the cloud)Sticky policies for privacy and access control
Re-establishing control over your personal devices,
apps, services and dataPersonal Zones
EU FP7 Compose Project
Enabling open markets of services for the Internet of Things
http://www.compose-project.eu/
Scalable cloud based servicesCouchDB for JSON, and Sparql for linked data
Smart service objects in the cloud as proxies for sensors and
actuatorsHiding details of communication with the devices
for optimization of battery and network
Services as compositions of smart objects and other servicesSome
generating data, others presenting UI components
for embedding in web pages and apps
Biological metaphors with pipelined services for perception and actuation
APIs using RESTful HTTP or JavaScript proxy objectsJSON and JSON-LD for service descriptions
Suite of APIs for open markets of servicesRegistration, discovery, payments, updates, reviews and reputation management
Objects as Proxies for Services
hidden messaging layerscriptInternetObject
API
scriptObject
Scripts running within web run-time, or embedded agent or cloud, e.g. using node.js
Device
Device
API
Public / Private
scriptPrivate
Agent
NAT or Firewall
scriptPublic
Agent
scriptPublic
Agent
NAT or Firewall
scriptPrivate
Agent
Appliance, Phone or Laptop
Appliance, Phone or Laptop
Cloud server
Cloud server
Webinos Project
EU FP7 project to create a platform for apps spanning desktop, smart phones, tablets, connected TVs and cars
Trusted Web apps based upon a suite of APIs
Secure mutual authentication of devices
Webinos hub for 24x7 access from the Internet
Webinos as a basis for apps for the Internet of Things
Personal Zones
TVPhoneTabletLaptopHouseCarHubTVPhoneLaptopSecurityCarHub
Getting the most out of my devices
Inter zonepeer to peer
social apps
Internet
Personal apps
shared with others
and available 24x7
Webinos a pioneering non-proprietary
cross device Secure Web Platform
Multiscreen/multidevice apps
Home
HealthcareTrusted Applications with rich
access to device Capabilities
Lightinghttp://www.webinos.org/
Re-establishing control over your devices and personal data
Today companies provide services, but require centralization of
personal data over which you have
little control, making it hard to switch companies
Personal Zones provide an architecture
for reclaiming control!
You decide what/when to share with 3rd parties
This facilitates intent based smart search!
Your data is managed within your zone,
by the services you install
This works well for IoT devices!
W3C Community Groups
W3C has created Community Groups so that developers, designers, and anyone passionate about the Web has a place to have discussions and publish documents.
A W3C Community Group is an open forum, without fees, where Web developers and other stakeholders develop specifications, hold discussions, develop test suites, and connect with W3C's international community of Web experts.
http://www.w3.org/community/
W3C Community Group
for the Web of Things
What is the Web of Things
Web technologies to facilitate the development of applications and services for the Internet of Things, i.e. physical objects and their virtual representation
This includes sensors and actuators, as well as physical objects tagged with a bar code or NFC
Some relevant Web technologies include HTTP for accessing RESTful services, and for naming objects as a basis for linked data and rich descriptions, and JavaScript APIs for virtual objects acting as proxies for real-world objects
Web of Things CG Aims
To accelerate the adoption of Web technologies as a basis for enabling services for the Internet of ThingsCollect use cases as a basis for requirements
Document architecture for the Web of Things
Review existing standards and their applicability
Identify gaps where new standards are needed
Help to create broader awareness
Engage with the developer community to share experiences
http://www.w3.org/community/wot/charter/
Web of Things CG
Goal: accelerate the adoption of Web technologies as a basis for enabling services for the Internet of ThingsCollect use cases as a basis for identifying requirements
Develop materials describing an architecture for the Web of Things
Review of existing standards and their applicability
Identify gaps where new standards would be appropriate
Develop proposals for new standards as needed
Identify opportunities for creating broader awareness of the Web of Things
Engage with the developer community to gather implementation experience
Help realise the potential of the Web of ThingsFree for everyone to join
http://www.w3.org/community/wot/
Any other questions?
Dave Raggett
Join W3C to help drive the Web to its full potential http://www.w3.org/