Post on 13-Jan-2016
INUMESCENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THERMOSET RESINSINUMESCENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THERMOSET RESINS
PHILIP S. RHODESBROADVIEW TECHNOLOGIES
NOV. 14-15, 2005
PHILIP S. RHODESBROADVIEW TECHNOLOGIES
NOV. 14-15, 2005
INTUMESCENT TECHNOLGYINTUMESCENT TECHNOLGY
Provides fire protection by building a continuous char foam layer on the polymer surface when exposed to heat or flame.
Provides fire protection by building a continuous char foam layer on the polymer surface when exposed to heat or flame.
Different types of fire retardants
Different types of fire retardants
Halogenated additives and resins
Water releasing additivesIntumescing agents/ char formers
Activated intumescing agents
Halogenated additives and resins
Water releasing additivesIntumescing agents/ char formers
Activated intumescing agents
Halogenated additives and resins
Halogenated additives and resins
PROS
Cost effectiveEfficient at low loading levels
PROS
Cost effectiveEfficient at low loading levels
CONS
Harmful thermal decomposition products
Dioxins produced when burned in resource recovery plants
CONS
Harmful thermal decomposition products
Dioxins produced when burned in resource recovery plants
Water releasing additives
Water releasing additives
PROS
Low cost
PROS
Low cost
CONS
High loading levelsOnly provides short term protection
CONS
High loading levelsOnly provides short term protection
Intumescent agentsIntumescent agents
PROS
Non hazardous thermal decomposition products
Long term fire and thermal protection
PROS
Non hazardous thermal decomposition products
Long term fire and thermal protection
CONS
High loading levels
Only work with select resins
May require synergists
CONS
High loading levels
Only work with select resins
May require synergists
Activated intumescent agents
Activated intumescent agents
PROS
Long term thermal protection
Low-moderate loading levels
Work with a wide variety of resins
PROS
Long term thermal protection
Low-moderate loading levels
Work with a wide variety of resins
CONS
Moderately expensive
Still require the right resin-intumescent agent match
CONS
Moderately expensive
Still require the right resin-intumescent agent match
Intumescent agentsIntumescent agents
How do they work?How do they work?
Intumescent agents are catalysts for char formation
They convert to mineral acids when heated but are non acidic at temperatures below 200 C
Catalyze dehydration reactionsWork best with organic compounds that can undergo dehydration reactions
Intumescent agents are catalysts for char formation
They convert to mineral acids when heated but are non acidic at temperatures below 200 C
Catalyze dehydration reactionsWork best with organic compounds that can undergo dehydration reactions
Classic dehydration reaction
Classic dehydration reaction
R-OH + R’OH + ACID = R-O-R’ + HOH
= R-O-R + HOH
=R’-O-R’ + HOH
R-OH + R’OH + ACID = R-O-R’ + HOH
= R-O-R + HOH
=R’-O-R’ + HOH
What types of compounds readily
undergo dehydration reactions
What types of compounds readily
undergo dehydration reactionsStarches
SugarsCellulosicsPentaerythritol
StarchesSugarsCellulosicsPentaerythritol
Starch
(C6 H10 O5)n
Starch
(C6 H10 O5)n
Pentaerythritol
C5 H10 O4
Pentaerythritol
C5 H10 O4
Can intumescent agents work if the carbons do
not contain a oxygen/nitrogen
functional group?
Can intumescent agents work if the carbons do
not contain a oxygen/nitrogen
functional group?
The answer is YES.The answer is YES.
Two approaches to overcome a low number of functional groups
Two approaches to overcome a low number of functional groups
The addition of additives that contain a high number of functional groups such as pentaerythritol and melamine
Use of an activated intumescent agent
The addition of additives that contain a high number of functional groups such as pentaerythritol and melamine
Use of an activated intumescent agent
What is an activated intumescent agent?
What is an activated intumescent agent?
An intumescent agent that will help add functional
groups onto hydrocarbons when they do not exist.
An intumescent agent that will help add functional
groups onto hydrocarbons when they do not exist.
When polymers start thermal decomposition
what happens?
When polymers start thermal decomposition
what happens?Hydrogens are stripped off forming carbon-carbon double bonds
The hydrogen combines with oxygen in the vapor phase to produce water vapor and heat
The carbon bonds break and low molecular weight alkenes enter the vapor phase
These alkenes are further split and oxidized to produce CO, COO and HOH
Hydrogens are stripped off forming carbon-carbon double bonds
The hydrogen combines with oxygen in the vapor phase to produce water vapor and heat
The carbon bonds break and low molecular weight alkenes enter the vapor phase
These alkenes are further split and oxidized to produce CO, COO and HOH
What happens in the presence of an
activated intumescent
What happens in the presence of an
activated intumescentHydrogens are stripped off forming carbon-carbon double bonds
The hydrogen combines with oxygen in the vapor phase to produce water vapor and heat
The water vapor adds back across the double bonds via a catalytic route
The hydroxyls formed combine to form thermally stable ether linkages that produce char
During this dehydration reaction water is released cooling the polymer via a ablative mechanism
Hydrogens are stripped off forming carbon-carbon double bonds
The hydrogen combines with oxygen in the vapor phase to produce water vapor and heat
The water vapor adds back across the double bonds via a catalytic route
The hydroxyls formed combine to form thermally stable ether linkages that produce char
During this dehydration reaction water is released cooling the polymer via a ablative mechanism
Epoxy exampleEpoxy example
Formulation
DER 331 10ANC. 350A 4.5
INTU. AC2BG 1.5
Formulation
DER 331 10ANC. 350A 4.5
INTU. AC2BG 1.5
PROPERTIES(5 mil coating)Char yield 66%Char ht(mil) 1000Expansion 200 xProtection 40 m
PROPERTIES(5 mil coating)Char yield 66%Char ht(mil) 1000Expansion 200 xProtection 40 m
Urethane exampleUrethane example
Formulation
Poly diol61
TMP 2.5Int AC2hph36.5
MDI 22.5
Formulation
Poly diol61
TMP 2.5Int AC2hph36.5
MDI 22.5
Properties(5 mil coating)Char yield 62%Char ht 250Expansion 50xProtection 29 m
Properties(5 mil coating)Char yield 62%Char ht 250Expansion 50xProtection 29 m
Styrene acrylicStyrene acrylic
Formulation
RH TR (50%s) 10Intu AC3WM 3
Formulation
RH TR (50%s) 10Intu AC3WM 3
Properties(5 mil dry coating)Char yield 76%Char ht 450Expansion 90xProtection 36 m
Properties(5 mil dry coating)Char yield 76%Char ht 450Expansion 90xProtection 36 m
PolypropylenePolypropylene
Formulation
Polpropylene 10Plasticizer
1Intu AC-3
3
Formulation
Polpropylene 10Plasticizer
1Intu AC-3
3
Properties (5 mil film on steel) Char yield 70% Char ht 60 Expansion 12x Protection 18 m
Properties (5 mil film on steel) Char yield 70% Char ht 60 Expansion 12x Protection 18 m