Introduction to Psychology

Behavioral analysisand cognitive psychology

Prof. Jan Lauwereyns

jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioninglearning stimulus-stimulus relations

conditioned reflexes FOUR basic elements:

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (US) UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UR)CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)

Fear conditioning…

e.g., Electric shock associated with specific stimuli

SCR: Skin Conductance Response (sweat)

SCR: Skin Conductance Response (sweat)

Fear-relevant: e.g., snake

Fear-irrelevant: e.g., butterfly

Fear-relevant: e.g., snake

Fear-irrelevant: e.g., butterfly

Fear-relevant: e.g., snake

Fear-irrelevant: e.g., butterfly

Diff Same Diff Same

Same Race

Different Race

Operant Conditioning: learning when an individual’s response is followed by a reinforcement or punishment

– Reinforcement: an event that increases the future probability of the response that produced it•Positive reinforcement: Reward •Negative reinforcement: Escape from

punishment

– Punishment: an event that suppresses the future probability of the response that produced it