Introduction to MultimediaIntroduction to Multimedia

The beginning ( History )… The beginning ( History )…

1945 : “…a device in which one stores all 1945 : “…a device in which one stores all his books, records and communications, his books, records and communications, and which is mechanized so that it can be and which is mechanized so that it can be consulted with exceeding speed and consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”supplement to his memory.”

Con’t ...Con’t ...

1969 - Early Hypertext and Collaborative 1969 - Early Hypertext and Collaborative researchresearch

Hypertext - the linking of associated data for Hypertext - the linking of associated data for easy accesseasy access

Hypermedia- the linking of any form of Hypermedia- the linking of any form of mediamedia

Con’t ...Con’t ...Interactive multiperson editing, branching Interactive multiperson editing, branching to different files, text search facilities, and to different files, text search facilities, and outline processingoutline processingHypertext editing system on an IBM 360Hypertext editing system on an IBM 360Research continued by a 4th gen system, Research continued by a 4th gen system, Intermedia, includes animation and video Intermedia, includes animation and video toolstools

Con’t...Con’t...1976 - AMG - Spatial Data Management1976 - AMG - Spatial Data Management– user would access a data item by traveling to it in user would access a data item by traveling to it in

a virtual space instead of referencing.a virtual space instead of referencing.

1971 - E-mail1971 - E-mail

Con’tCon’t

1980-1983 - Dave Backer - Electronic 1980-1983 - Dave Backer - Electronic BookBook

New system combining features of print, New system combining features of print, broadcast, and computer media. broadcast, and computer media.

- Book like interface. - Book like interface.

- Touch screen interface.- Touch screen interface.

- annotations could be added- annotations could be added

- integrated sound, data, images, and video- integrated sound, data, images, and video

Con’tCon’t

1985 - Negroponte & Jerome Wiesner - MIT 1985 - Negroponte & Jerome Wiesner - MIT Media Lab (circa 1985)Media Lab (circa 1985)

- 11 research groups (EP, Film&Video, Visual - 11 research groups (EP, Film&Video, Visual Language, Elec.Music, Imaging and Language, Elec.Music, Imaging and Photography, Learning, Movies of the future, Photography, Learning, Movies of the future, Advanced TV Research, Speech Processing, Advanced TV Research, Speech Processing, HCI)HCI)

Con’t...Con’t...Olivetti Research Lab - Cambridge, EnglandOlivetti Research Lab - Cambridge, England– Active Badge - dynamic locator system. Made Active Badge - dynamic locator system. Made

use of sensors in a building to track the badges use of sensors in a building to track the badges being carried by people.being carried by people.

1990 - 1992 Apple Computer Multimedia Lab - 1990 - 1992 Apple Computer Multimedia Lab - Kristina Hooper WoosleyKristina Hooper Woosley- Multimedia in education- Multimedia in education- Visual Almanac (Directory)- Visual Almanac (Directory)

Con’t…Con’t…

1989 - Tim Bernes-Lee - proposed WWW 1989 - Tim Bernes-Lee - proposed WWW European Council for Nuclear ResearchEuropean Council for Nuclear Research

1994 - Jim Clark & Marc Andersen - 1994 - Jim Clark & Marc Andersen - NetscapeNetscape

1995 - First Java Applet - “Duke”1995 - First Java Applet - “Duke”

1996 - Microsoft Internet Explorer1996 - Microsoft Internet Explorer

Definition of MultimediaDefinition of Multimedia

EtymologyEtymology

Multi - Multi - (Latin) “(Latin) “multusmultus” - numerous or ” - numerous or manymany

Media - Media - (Latin) “(Latin) “mediummedium” - middle or ” - middle or center. More recently intermediarycenter. More recently intermediary

Multimedia - Multimedia - “multiple intermediaries”“multiple intermediaries” or or “multiple means”“multiple means”

Multimedia is ...Multimedia is ...

““The use of computers to present text, The use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animation and sound in graphics, video, animation and sound in an integrated way.”an integrated way.”

““Multiple means by which information is Multiple means by which information is stored, transmitted, presented, and stored, transmitted, presented, and perceived”perceived”

Interactive Multimedia is ...Interactive Multimedia is ...

““Seamless digital integration of text, Seamless digital integration of text, graphics, animation, audio, still images graphics, animation, audio, still images and motion video in a way that provides and motion video in a way that provides individual users with high levels of control individual users with high levels of control and interaction.”and interaction.”

Characteristics of MultimediaCharacteristics of Multimedia

Must be computer controlledMust be computer controlled

Must be integratedMust be integrated

Information must be presented digitallyInformation must be presented digitally

The interface to the user may or may not The interface to the user may or may not permit interactivitypermit interactivity

Categories of Multimedia Categories of Multimedia SystemsSystems

Stand-alone MultimediaStand-alone Multimedia

Individual computer-based trainingIndividual computer-based training

CD-ROMCD-ROM

Individual computer-based educationIndividual computer-based education

Personal Computers Personal Computers

Categories of Multimedia Categories of Multimedia SystemsSystems

Networked MultimediaNetworked Multimedia

Genuinely networked multimedia Genuinely networked multimedia - - videoconferencing, multimedia electronic videoconferencing, multimedia electronic mailmail

Client-server applications Client-server applications - pooling of - pooling of resources such as a video disk unitresources such as a video disk unit

Benefits of MultimediaBenefits of Multimedia

Easy to understand and useEasy to understand and use

integrated and interactiveintegrated and interactive

conducive to cooperative work conducive to cooperative work environmentenvironment

flexibleflexible

supportive of a large audiencesupportive of a large audience

Challenges of MultimediaChallenges of Multimedia

Computing power Computing power

Data storage and managementData storage and management

human interface usabilityhuman interface usability

network latency and throughputnetwork latency and throughput

Hardware and Software Hardware and Software ConsiderationsConsiderations

Computing Capabilities ChartComputing Capabilities Chart

Text Graphics Color Animation Sound Video

Important ConsiderationsImportant Considerations

Multimedia require huge amounts of Multimedia require huge amounts of storage during both the development and storage during both the development and application stages.application stages.

The large amount of data that needs to be The large amount of data that needs to be transmitted requires a large bandwidth.transmitted requires a large bandwidth.

Multimedia requires a fast processor speed Multimedia requires a fast processor speed due to the large amount of data required for due to the large amount of data required for sound and video.sound and video.

Multimedia requires a high display depth.Multimedia requires a high display depth.

Progression of TechnologyProgression of Technology

1975 - first personal computers were 1975 - first personal computers were marketedmarketed

- low processing power- low processing power

- black and green text-only screens- black and green text-only screens

- accounting and inventory- accounting and inventory

Progression Con’t...Progression Con’t...

1980 - addition of hard disk storage and 1980 - addition of hard disk storage and simple graphicssimple graphics

- forecasting and statistics- forecasting and statistics

1987 - capability to display color1987 - capability to display color

- more advanced graphics, sound and - more advanced graphics, sound and animationanimation

Progression Con’t...Progression Con’t...

1995 - capability to integrate digital video, 1995 - capability to integrate digital video, sound, animation and text into one sound, animation and text into one packagepackage

- increased emphasis on communication - increased emphasis on communication capabilities & sharing of informationcapabilities & sharing of information

- simulations, Internet, presentations- simulations, Internet, presentations

Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements

Depends on what type of multimedia Depends on what type of multimedia products you wish to produceproducts you wish to produce

Software Software

Adobe Photoshop - Graphic Adobe Photoshop - Graphic manipulation; industry standard image manipulation; industry standard image processing toolprocessing toolAdobe Premiere - Digitized Video Adobe Premiere - Digitized Video ManipulationManipulationMacromedia Flash- Create Vector-Macromedia Flash- Create Vector-based interactive animations for web based interactive animations for web delivery. Designed for low bandwidth delivery. Designed for low bandwidth internet deliveryinternet delivery