Introduction to Greek and Roman HistoryLecture 9

Philip of Macedon

Athenian perspectives on the Peace of Antalcidas

Isocrates, Panegyricus (380), 120One may best comprehend how great is the reversal in our circumstances if he will read side by side the treaties which were made during our leadership and those which have been published recently; for he will find that in those days we were constantly setting limits to the empire of the King, levying tribute on some of his subjects, and barring him from the sea; now, however, it is he who controls the destinies of the Greeks, who dictates what they must each do, and who all but sets up his viceroys in their cities.

The Sacred Battalion

Theban ascendancyand the koina of Messenia and Arcadia

(369-362)

SpartaSparta

The battle of Mantinea, 362

Weakness of the new Greek order:Social War (357-355)

Byzantium

Macedonia

Macedon before Philip•Amyntas III (393-370) establishes a unified Macedonian kingdom.

•The king issued coins and signed treaties. There was no formal assembly, the king would seek advise from an informal council of ‘companions’ or ‘friends’, chosen by the king himself.

•Tensions between cattle-rich coastal plans and tribal inland.

•Unsubordinated aristocracies.

•Plenty of tillable land.

•Huge workforce

The war for Delphi (357-352)

Amphyktiony: a religious-political association of neighboring states formed around a religious centre

The peace of 346

Thrace

Thracian and Attic horses

Chaeronea (338)

Chaeronea (338)