Introduction to Energy Systems

A note about labs Bench press bar = 10 kg Need to go through and complete bothe the

results and questions for the lab, and Fitness prescription for your “athlete” Next week carb loaders

WebCT Discussion boards Week 2

Links Lectures

Today Focus on

What is energy How is food energy Basics catabolism and anabolism Anaerobic synthesis ATP Aerobic synthesis ATP

Types of energy

•Chemical

•Mechanical

•Heat

•Light

•Electric

•Nuclear

Laws of ThermodynamicsLaws of Thermodynamics

energy transfer always proceeds in the direction of increased entropy and the release of free energy

1- Energy cannot be created or destroyed Chemical energy

mechanical energy

DefinitionsDefinitions

Enzymes Highly specific protein catalysts Accelerate the forward and reverse reactions Are neither consumed nor changed in the reaction

Coenzymes Complex nonprotein organic substances facilitate enzyme action by binding the substrate with

its specific enzyme

Catabolism :

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy

Catabolism and Anabolism

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Overview of CatabolismGlucoseFFA’s Amino acids

glycolysis

mitochondria

-oxidation

TCACycle

deamination

NH2

NADH + H+

FADH + H+CO2

Acetyl CoA

Electron Transport

Chain

Figure 3.4, simplified

Anabolism

Covalent bonding of electrons, protons and small molecules to produce larger molecules building up

- Catabolism and anabolism function in a dynamic balance.

Anna

Adenosine Triphosphate

Powers all of cell’s energy-requiring processes

Potential energy extracted from food

Energy is stored in

bonds of ATP 80-100g is stored

Adenosine Diphosphate ADP is ATP minus one phosphate group 14 calories of energy is released each time

ATP ADP

Remember the Spare Phosphate??

The Spare P that was released from ATP ADP hooks up with Creatine to form …

Creatine Phosphate (CrP)

Cells store ~ 4 – 6 times more PCr than ATP

ATP-PC system Anaerobic resynthesis of

ATP- 5-8 seconds of energy Hydrolyzed by the enzyme,

creatine kinase ADP is phosphorylated to

ATP Creatine may be

phosphorylated back to PCr

Citric Acid Cycle Also known as the TCA cycle, or Krebs

cycle Continues oxidation of

Carbohydrates following glycolysis Fatty acids following beta oxidation Some amino acids following deamination

Summary Energy is never created nor destroyed. Complex chemical process synthesize

glucose/ glycogen from our foods Stored as glycogen if not needed Anaerobic ATP-PC system Aerobic Citric acid/ Kreb’s cycle