Post on 25-Dec-2015
Introduction to Computer Graphics Design Professional
Raster/Paint Software
Chapter 3 2Introduction to Computer Graphics
Film-based photography was the foundation for graphic reproduction starting in early 1900s
Raster/paint software developed to work with scanned images
Adobe Photoshop: Dominant image-editing program and electronic painting software program in world
Raster/Paint Software
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Photoshop: An Overview
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Bitmap-based application– Every image made up of a series of dots
called pixels
Wide range of tools to adjust and correct color, contrast and dynamic range
Powerful type handling tools
Capable of handling web-based graphics
Photoshop: An Overview
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Film-based images
Scanners
Digital Image Capture
How Are Photographic Images Created?
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Film-based ImagesEmulsions
Prints
Transparency film
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ScannersFlatbed scanners
Drum scanners
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Digital Image CaptureDigital cameras
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Raster art or Bitmapped art– Series of dots arranged in a grid– Dots vary in value and color
Resolution
Color Models
File formats
Resolution and Color
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ResolutionNumber of dots that make up an image
Raster images are resolution dependent
Four ways to measure resolution– LPI: Lines per inch– SPI: Spots per inch– DPI: Dots per inch– PPI: Pixels per inch
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Color ModelsThree important color models
RGB as a design tool– Red, green, blue– Additive primary colors
CMYK for color correction– Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black– Subtractive color
Grayscale
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Open and Save FilesWorking with Documents
File>New– Size
– Orientation: Portrait or Landscape
– Color Mode: Another name for color model
– Background contents
File>Open
File>Save
File>Save As
File>Save for web
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File Formats .
PSD: Photoshop Document– Native Photoshop format,– Preserves layers– Access to all tools
and commands
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File Formats .
TIF: Tagged Image File Format– Any resolution, grayscale or color
– Generally used for graphics files to be printed
.EPS: Encapsulated Postscript
– Specialized format for bitmap or vector graphics
.JPG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
– Compressed image format
– Often used for complex photographic images
.GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
– Used specifically for the Web
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Everyday Toolsand Commands
Photoshop interface similar to Illustrator
Rulers and Guides used to position elements on the page
Toolbox basics
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Toolbox
Divided into 4 main areas– Selection tools– Cropping tools– Modification tools; clone stamp, history brush,
eraser, gradient, blur/sharpen tools– Vector/type tools– Miscellaneous tools; eyedropper, zoom tools
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Selection ToolsMain selection tools: Marquee selection tools, Move tool, Lasso tools, Magic Wand tool, and Slice tool
Crop tool is part of main selection tools,to reducefile size aswell as a design decisiontool
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Modification ToolsManipulate images in various waysFix damaged photographsPaint or draw on imagesCopy parts of imagesRestore pixels deleted or erasedColor gradients
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Vector/Type Tools
Although primarily used to work with bitmapped images, Photoshop contains a comprehensive array of type and vector-based tools
Vector/type tools similar to Illustrator
Eventually the vector shapes are converted to dots when file is saved to a format other than native .psd
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Miscellaneous Tools
Perform a variety of tasks such as magnification, color identification in a specific area of an image, and electronic sticky-type notes
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Modify only a portion of an image
Create photomontage that use only pieces of images
Selection tools include– Marquee selection tools– Lasso tools– Magic wand tool
The Power of Selection!
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The Power of Selection!
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Rectangles or squares
Ovals or circles
Single row pixels horizontally and vertically
Marquee Selection Tool
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Surround portion of image with a line
Accuracy of selection depends on accuracy of mouse movements or pen and tablet
Three variations– Lasso– Magnetic Lasso– Polygonal Lasso
Lasso Tools
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Attempts to select a range of values, based on 256 color values
Tolerance lets you set the range of values– Smaller tolerance number; the narrower the
value range (color and shades) of the selection– Higher tolerance numbers; the wider the value
range of a selection
Tool works best is image has well defined areas of value
Magic Wand Tool
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It All Works with LayersUsing layers, Photoshop separates multiple images onto transparent layers
Can manipulate each layer without affecting other images in project
Layer Effects can add excitement and dynamics to design
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Working with LayersLayers palette is control center for layers in a file
Background layer has special properties
Can add, delete, duplicate layers
Change layering order
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Layers EffectsSpecial effects to add visual impact, such as blending, drop shadows, color overlays, bevel and emboss
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Transformation tools give power and control over images
Healing Brush and Patch tools
Clone Stamp tool
Eraser tool
Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge tools
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge tools
Transforming Images
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Use brush size to regulate selected and modified area
Valuable for fixing old and/or damaged photos
Areas repaired blendin with adjoining areas
Healing Brush and Patch Tools
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Samples a particularsection of an image and recreates it over and over again
Also used to cover up areas of a photo with different imagery
Clone Stamp Tool
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Alters specific parts of an image
Works by clicking anddragging mouse
Options allow fine-tuning of tool effect
Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge Tools
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Related to traditional film-based photography
Burn tooldarkens an image; Dodge toollightens it
Sponge heightensor mutes color
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge Tools
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Photoshop Has Too Much Fun with Type
Dedicated Type Layer
Similar to vector-draw programs
Character palette lets you change– Type size– Leading– Alignment
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Photoshop Has Too Much Fun with Type
Transformation tools work on type too!
Layer effects applied to type
Warp type: still remains editable after warp effect is applied
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Designers don’t normally output Photoshop directly from application
More often imported into another application, then output from there
Print preview dialog box allows for selection of printer, number of copies, scaled outputs and output modes
How Photoshop Files Are Output
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Photoshop lets you color-manage the output to create more consistent color output between different devices
Printing Tools in Photoshop