Introduction to architectures based on models, models and metamodels. model driven architecture

Software ArchitectureS

Software ArchitecturePart III

Class #1

Introduction to Architectures based on Models, Models and Metamodels. Model-Driven Architecture

Vicente García Díaz2014

University of Oviedo

Source: http://blog.drummondhouseplans.com/category/multi-family/

Source: http://www.flightglobal.com//

Formula 1 car

(domain)Model

describes

What is a model? (I)

What is a model? (II)

1. Point of reference to imitate or reproduce2. Element, that, for its perfection must be

followed and reproduced3. Small representation of something4. It is a theoretical scheme, usually

mathematical, of a system or of a complex reality, as the economic development of a country, which is made to facilitate the understanding and the study of its behavior

Source: http://www.rae.es/rae.html

• Of course…

Models in software development?

Model ProductDevelopment

• Classical engineering is based on the use of models to produce a product after conducting a development

▫ Is not possible to fully automate the development

Typical development process

• Peculiarity: software products can be designed and created without “going out" of the computer

• Informatics Information + Automatic

Software development process

Model ProductDevelopment

Could we automate the software development process?

Model-Driven Engineering(MDE)

• Growth of software complexity

• It is not being reused the technological and domain knowledge

• It is necessary to industrialize software development

• The term software crisis is still valid

Motivation

The major cause of the software crisis is that the machines have become several orders of magnitude more powerful! To put it quite bluntly: as long as there were no machines, programming was no problem at all; when we had a few weak computers, programming became a mild problem, and now we have gigantic computers, programming has become an equally gigantic problem [Dijkstra, 1972]

[Standish Group, 2004]

• The level of abstraction of languages is growing▫ Binary

▫ Assembly

▫ Procedural

▫ Object oriented

• Towards the solution space of the problem

• In the 80s CASE tools emerge▫ They did not have much success

Brief History (I)

+ number of errors in the development

+ level of abstraction

Brief History (II)

• Reduce the complexity of current platforms

• Express the concepts of different domains in a more approximate way

Goals (I)

Domain concepts

Concepts of the technology used

Mental work of developers

Concepts of the technology used

• Abstract the specification of systems from the implementation in the target platform

• Improve portability, interoperability and reusability

• Optimize productivity

Goals (II)

• To create software models

• Such models define the concepts of a particular domain

• Existing technologies encompassed in MDE allowed to work with the models as if they were programming languages of high-level abstraction

▫ Usually domain-specific languages

For what is mainly used MDE?

Mobile applications

Source: http://www.metacase.com/support/45/manuals/S60%20Phone%20Example.pdf

Insurance Products

Source: [Kelly and Tolvanen, 2008]

IP telephony

Digital watches

Home automation

Food traceability systems

GADE4ALL (I)

GADE4ALL (II)

Others

Fuente: http://www.pleus.net/articles/boodsl/boodsl.htmhttp://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com.es/2011/05/deployment-abstractions-for-webdsl.html

http://mpov.timmorgan.org/cascadingrubies-ruby-dsl-for-generating-css/

• Cascading relationship between models and metamodels

The metamodel

Elements of the real world

(domain)

Model Metamodeldescribedescribe

Conceptual space

Domain Metamodel

Meta-metamodel

Abstractsyntax

Semantics

Concrete syntax

Domain-specific

language

Formal model

Describe concepts of

<<instanceof>>

Based on

Respects

Sub-domains

• They were defined in the 60's by Carl Adam Petri

• They are a specialization of automata theory which allows to express concurrent events

• They have places, transitions and arcs

• Application areas: data analysis, software design, reliability, workflows ...

The domain of Petri Nets

P1P3 P5

3 4 6P4

A metamodel for the domain

+Name : string

+weight : int

Place Transition

PetriNet

P1P3 P5

A meta-meta model for the domain

Model Element

Generalizable Element

Association ClassAttribute

Typed Element+Name : string

+weight : int

Place Transition

PetriNet

Mapping between concrete and

abstract syntaxes

+Name : string

+weight : int

Place Transition

PetriNet

1 0..*

• A metamodel defines the elements of a modeling language, the relationships among them and constraints

CompositeState

Transition

0..1+trigger

0..n0..1 0..n0..1

StateMachine

+transitions

Metamodel (abstract syntax)

Concrete syntax (graphical)

State machine: an example of a state machineState: state1State: state2State: state3Transition: state1 – state2Transition: state1 – state3Transition: state2 – state3

Concrete syntax (textual)

Metamodel (abstract syntax)

table Country do

field name, varchar(100),primary_key

field area, integer

table Person do

field id, autoinc, primary_key

field name, varchar(200)

field id_country, varchar(100), foreign_key(:Country)

Concrete syntax (textual)

• Key in model-driven engineering

• It is imperative to:1. Build domain-specific languages

2. Validate models

3. Transform models

4. Generate artifacts (code, documentation, etc.)

5. Integration of tools

Benefits of the use of a metamodel

• Defined by the Object Management Group OMG, approach whereby the system design is geared towards models

• OMG Object Management Group 1989

▫ International consortium of the software industry

▫ Composed of many organizations, IBM, Eclipse Foundation, W3C, Microsoft, HP, etc.

▫ Definition of standards

• http://www.omg.org/mda

Introduction to MDA

• Computation Independent Model(CIM)

• Platform Independent Model (PIM)

• Platform Specific Model (PSM)

• Implementation Specific Model (ISM)

Points of view

PSM 1 PSM n

ISM 1 ISM n

PSMJ2EE

ISMJava

Transformation

Definition of automatictransformation 1

Definition of automatictransformation 2

Vertical transformations

Four-layer architecture

UML SysML

UML models SysML models

System

Meta-metamodel (M3)

Metamodel (M2)

Model (M1)

Reality (M0)

• UML (Unified Model Language)

• MOF (Meta Object Facility)

• XMI (XML Metadata Interchange)

• OCL (Object Constraint Language)

• QVT (Query View Transformation)

• There are others…

Standards of the OMG

• Ecore

ECORE META-METAMODEL

Meta-Object Facility (MOF) ECORE

Introduction to Architectures based on

Models, Models and Metamodels.

Model-Driven Architecture

Thank you

Introduction to architectures based on models, models and metamodels. model driven architecture

Software

Transcript of Introduction to architectures based on models, models and metamodels. model driven architecture

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