INTRODUCTIONI. Cell

BiologyA. Definition

a. Zacharias Janssen, 1595 first light microscope

c. Robert Hooke, 1665 coined “Cellulae”d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1672 “Homunculus” and “Animalcules”

b. Galileo Galilei, 1609 focusing device

1. Microscope Development

e. Charles Spencer, 1850’s first compound scopef. Max Knot & Ernst Ruska, 1933 first electron microscope

B. History of Cell Biology

a. Robert Dutrochet, 1824 plants made of cells

c. Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden, 1839 Cell Theory

i. The cell is the basic unit in living organisms.

b. Robert Brown, 1824 The nucleus & Brownian motion

ii. The cell is the building block of organisms.

2. Basics of Cell Theory

d. J. Purkinji, 1840’s coined the term protoplasme. Rudolph Virchow, 1859 “Spontaneous Generation”

iii. Cells arise from preexisting cells.

a. Karl van Nageli, 1846 plant cells derived from direct division of maternal cells

d. Frank Meischer, 1871 proposed nuclein material of nucleic acids

b. E. Strausburger & Walter Fleming, 1840’s directions for growth and division of cells contained in the nucleusc. Gregor Mendel, 1860’s proposed a hereditary molecule was responsible for expression of traits in an organism

3. Cellular Control

d. Robert Altmann, 1889 purified nucleic acids into purine (A & C) and pyrimidine (T & G) bases DNA in all cells, while RNA variablee. James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953 summarized research and built model of DNA

Figure 1.3

A. Highly OrganizedBiosphere

Molecules

II. Characteristics of Life

Bioenergetics

B. Transform Energy

Figure 1.9

Variation in Nature

C. Reproduce

Stages and Accomplishments

D. Grow & Develop

Daily Adjustments vs. Population Changes

E. Irritable & Adaptable

Balanced against Change

F. Practice Homeostasis

Negative vs.

Positive Mechanisms

Surface Area vs. Volume Dilemma

Figure 6.2

A. Size Limits

Figure 6.7

III. Types of Cells

B. Prokaryotes1. Size Limits

2. Characteristics

Figure 6.5

Figure 1.4

1. Size Limits

2. Characteristics

Figure 6.8

Figure 6.8

C. Eukaryotes

Figure 6.2

The parts == a. protein (capsid , landing gear, and injector) surrounding a b. nucleic acid core (genome = can be DNA or RNA)

Figure 19.3

1. Characteristics

D. Viruses

2. “Life” Strategiesa. Lytic versus

Figure 19.5

b. Lysogenic

Figure 19.6

E. Viroids & Prions

1. What?

A. ForcesB. Mechanisms

IV. Cellular Differentiation

A. Definitions1. Trophic Levels

2. Taxa

B. Schemes

D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & SFigure

1.12

V. Organism Classification