Post on 20-Feb-2016
description
Intr
oduc
tion Natural intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI)History of AI
Characteristics of AI systemAI tasks
AI roots and applications
natural
WHAT A BRAIN CAN DO?
Recognize a ball
Plan
Search solution
Understand speech/language
Diagnose disease
Predict weather
Solve maths problem
Learn
Make decision
Commonsense reasoning……………………………
natural
AI is ….an ‘imitation’ of human intelligence into a
machine
naturalartificial
natural
Not consistentCannot be copied
or transferredHigh cost
Difficult to bedocumented
CreativeWider focus
artificial
ConsistentCan be copiedor transferred
Low costCan be
documentedLimited focus
DEF
INIT
ION
“science and engineering of making intelligent machines”
“science of making computers DO things
that require intelligence if they are done by humans”
“science of making a computer REASON
in a manner similar to humans”
John McCarthy
Marvin Minsky
Durkin Jackson
DIM
ENSI
ON System
thinks like human
System acts
like human
System thinks
rationally
System acts
rationally
DIM
ENSI
ON Cognitive
Science perspective(thinking process)
Engineering perspective(behavior)
DIM
ENSI
ON System
thinks like
humanSystem acts
like human
System thinks rationally
System acts rationally
DIM
ENSI
ON
Compare system
against real concept of intelligence
Compare system against human
HIS
TORY
1st AI winterLISP
Dartmouth workshopPeriod of enthusiasm
Turing test1st NN computer built
1st commercializationRebirth
2nd AI winterRe-emergence
1966-197319581956
1952-196219501950
19801969-1979
19882000s
AI
EVO
LUTI
ON Embedded application
Multiple integration
Domain knowledge
General method
Naïve solution
2000 onwards
1990s
1980s
1970s
1960s
This game ends when the interrogator made his guess
Turing machine pass the test if the interrogator fails to recognize with
whom (or with what) he is communicating.
TURING MACHINE
TURI
NG
TE
ST
1 - Knowledge processing
on(a,b)on(b,c)
on(c,table)clear(a)
ABC
CHAR
ACTE
RIST
IC The birds fly
D VN
VPNP
S
the birds flys(np(det(the),noun(birds)),vp(v(fly)))
2 - Focus on heuristic
4 - Possess inference ability
3 - Symbolic processing
5 - Learns
CHAR
ACTE
RIST
IC
Mundane
Formal
ExpertAI T
ASKS
“We may not have full-
functioning robots that cater our
every need, but AI is
embedded in our everyday
lives.”- Computer
WorldAPPL
ICAT
ION
“Once tools get far
enough out of the lab,
they’re no longer AI,
just common computer science.”
- Prof. George LugerAP
PLIC
ATIO
N
Household gadgets
• washing machine• rice cooker• microwave
• vacuum cleaner
APPL
ICAT
ION
Autonomous vehicle
Hi, my name is Stanley
APPL
ICAT
ION
Search engine crawlers
NewsFinder
FlipDog
NetFlix
(natural language processing technology)APPL
ICAT
ION
Automobile safety system
self-parking
intelligent
cruisecontrol
lanedeparturewarning
APPL
ICAT
ION
Voice response system(IVR)
Speech recognition Natural language understanding
APPL
ICAT
ION
Chatter botJenn
Alex
Eva
Captain Kirk
Alice
George
(natural language processing technology)APPL
ICAT
ION
Resource allocation problem
Optimizing airport schedule
(genetic algorithm technology)AP
PLIC
ATIO
N
Credit card fraud detectionFalcon
(neural network technology)
Pap smear screeningFocalPoint
(expert system technology)
APPL
ICAT
ION