PRAGMATICSDefinitions and Background

By: Siti Amalia

Pragmatics is concerned within 4 areas :

1. It’s a study of speaker’s meaning2. It’s a study of contextual meaning3. It’s a study of how more gets communicated

than is said4. It’s a study of the expression of relative

distance

It’s a study of speaker’s meaning

Communicated by a speaker/writer

Interpreted by a listener

the analysis of meaning by their utterances

U know what? You’re beautiful

It’s a study of contextual meaning

How the context influences what is said

Consider:Who we’re

talking to, where, when and under

what circumstances

It’s a study of how more gets communicated than is said

How the listener recognized the invisible meaning (the untold ones)

Listener makes inferences of what speaker said

E.g: satire expressionidiom expression

It’s a study of the expression of relative distance

the choice between the said and the unsaid

CLOSENESSPhysical, social, conceptual

DISTANCEHow

close/distant the listener is, speakers

determine how much needs to

be saidImplies shared

experiences

Syntax, Semantics & Pragmatics

Syntax, Semantics & Pragmatics

Syntax

Semantics

How the linguistic forms are arranged in sequence, doesn’t

consider references, user of the formsRelationship between linguistic

forms and entities in the world.

How words literally connect to things

Verbal descriptions & states of affair

Regardless who produces that descriptions

Pragmatics Relationship between linguistic forms and users of those forms. Pragmatics is allowing human

into the analysis

Studying Language via Pragmatics

The advantages :We are able to learn

people’s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes, goals, and the kinds of actions

E.g : requesting, commanding

The disadvantages:

It is very human concepts, so it’s difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way

Regularity

• People tend to behave in an appropriate well within a familiar social group. On the other hand, they will become hesitate in a strange place. Kaifa

haluki?Hmm…

Alhamdulillah

??!!

• Most people within a linguistic community have similar basic experiences of the world and share a lot of non-linguistic knowledge.

I want to buy a matic

motorcyle, so It will be easy for me to ride

on

Pragmatics WastebasketA beautiful cow is talking to a girl

and approach her immediately.

THANK YOU