Introdução à medicina Dec 16, 2005academic misconduct 1 Introdução à Medicina Introdução à...

Dec 16, 2005academic misconduct

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicina Introdução à Introdução à

MedicinaMedicina

GuidingGuiding Professor: Professor:

Dra. Cristina SantosDra. Cristina Santos

Work done by:

Class 5Class 5

Medical students’ attitudes Medical students’ attitudes and reported behaviour on and reported behaviour on

academic misconductacademic misconduct

ResearchResearch WorkWork

Second Presentation – March 17, 2006Second Presentation – March 17, 2006

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicina

IntroductionIntroduction

HonestyHonesty

IntegrityIntegrity

ProfessionalismProfessionalism

www.impensadejacutinga.com

www.chirec.be

lists.w3.org

Other WorksOther Works

At Dundee University Medical School an anonymous questionnaire revealed that medical students could tell right from wrong, but also that their behaviour was not what they considered right (S C Rennie and J R Crosby; Differences in medical students’ attitudes behaviour across the years; 2002).

The observation of american medical students by Sierles F. et al reported that 58% of the students had

copied during exams (Sierles F, Hendrickx I, Circle S; Cheating at medical school; J Med Educ 1980 ;55:124- 125).

And what about Oporto’s students??

ObjectivesObjectives

Analyse the attitudes and reported Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of medical students of behaviour of medical students of

“Universidade do Porto”,“Universidade do Porto”,

““Tomorrow’s Doctors”Tomorrow’s Doctors”

Analyse the attitudes and reported behaviour of Oporto’s nursing students in comparison with

medical students’.

PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS&&

METHODSMETHODS

Target population: Oporto's medical and nursing students.

Samples:

SamplingSampling

Medicine

Nursing

40 / 256 1st yr students

32 / 206 3rd yr students

28 / 185 6th yr students

43 / 154 1st yr students

31 / 150 3rd yr students

26 / 115 6th yr students

37 1st yr students

35 3rd yr students

28 4th yr students

100 Students(out of 1316)

100 Students(out of 850)

100 Students(out of ?)

ESEnfSJ

SamplingSampling

The size of the sample (n) was calculated according to the formula:

amplitude

The amplitude of our work is 20% and the proportion (P) is 50%

“n” is equal to 100 The confidence interval is 95%

Random group sample• The units we inquired were classes

• Classes were randomly chosen (SPSS)

1st Year 3th Year “Seniors”

FMUP Class 4; 10; 17; 19 Class 8; 12; 15 Class 9; 16

ICBAS Class 5; 9; 15 Class 8; 13 Class 2; 10

ESEnfSJ Class c; d; f; j ---- ----

SamplingSampling

Data Gathering InstrumentsData Gathering Instruments

Our questionnaire is a translation and adaptation of one made by students and professors from Dundee University Medical School (Rennie SC, Crosby JR; Are ´´ tomorrow doctors`` honest? Questionnaire study exploring medical students´ attitudes and reported behaviour on academic misconduct).

The survey was made in the three faculties, to randomly chosen classes.

FMUP - From the 6th to the 10th of February 2006

ICBAS and ESEnf S.J. – From the 7th to the 20th of February

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicinaData Gathering Data Gathering

InstrumentsInstruments

Information will be collected using two questionnaires:

for Boys

for Girls

The Dundee University Medical School questionnaire is composed of 14 different situations. Each student should answer: yes, no or not sure.

In order to adapt the questionnaire to the target population, it was translated. New situations were added and some questions were reformulated.

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire (Model)

Gantt Chart

Flow chart

Pre-TestPre-Test

Lowering the probability of occurring systematic and random errors.

Took part in the pre-test:

FMUP: 20+20 students

Changes:

Situations and questions were reformulated (eg.: situation 19 and question III)

New situations about drinking and going out at night were added.

It was not asked what kind of punishment should be used in each situation.

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicinaQuestionnaires Questionnaires

(definitive)(definitive)

Joana’s questionnaire (girls’)

João’s questionnaire (boys’)

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicinaDataData Processing Processing

MethodsMethods

Collected data was inserted in SPSSSPSS®®

A table was formatted to this specific task

Statistical Analysis:Statistical Analysis:

Frequency tables

Chi-Square

Syntax

ResultsResults

Cheating

In exams In college worksPlagiarism

Missing lessons

Going out at night

Professional integrity

Next morning tiredness

Alcohol related issues

Situation 1/2

Situation 5/6/7/8

Situation 3/4/9

Situation 10/11

Situation 15/16/17/18

Situation 12/19

Situation 13/14

Analysis Project

In each group: General analyse of the answers. Possible relations between the answers in

each situation. Relations between faculties. Relations between gender. Relations between Year.

Possible relations between key situations of each group.

About Cheating:About Cheating:

1) João copied Ana’s answers in the exam.

2) João is talking to Ana about the exam she just took and in which he is about to be evaluated.

In exams:

Although they disagree with cheating in exams, they do cheat.

Differences between FacultiesDifferences between Faculties (About cheating)

I) Did students agree on cheating?

II) Did they think there should be any punishment for cheaters?

III) Would they consider to cheat?

Differences between GendersDifferences between Genders (About cheating)

Differences between Years Differences between Years (About cheating)

In college work projects:5) João copied Ana’s work.

6) Ana lent her work to João and he copied it without telling her anything.

About Cheating:About Cheating:

7) João lent Ana his work for her to copy.

8) João did Ana’s work for her.

Introdução à Introdução à medicinamedicinaAlthough they disagree with coping in

college work projects, they do copy them.

Differences between FacultiesDifferences between Faculties (About cheating in college work projects)

I) Did students agree on coping in college work projects)?

II) Did they think there should be any punishment in coping college work projects)?

III) Would they consider to copy in college work projects?

Differences between GendersDifferences between Genders (About

cheating in college work projects)

I) Did students agree on coping in college work projects?

III) Would they consider to copy in college work projects?

About Plagiarism :About Plagiarism :

4) João copied texts form books/magazines and referenced them as being of his own.

3)João copied texts form books/magazines and only referenced them.

9) João submitted a work that had already been submitted, previously, by other student.

About missing About missing lessons:lessons:

10) João missed his theoretical lessons (without required presence) without motive.

11) João missed his lessons of obligatory presence without motive.

About going out at night:About going out at night:

Next morning tiredness: 12) João usually goes out at night with lessons in the next morning.

19) João went to a clinical practice lesson on a morning, extremely tired, after having gone out the night before.

Alcohol related issues:

13) João got drunk at a party, knowing he had lessons the following morning.

14) João gets drunk several times a week.

About professional About professional integrity:integrity:

15) João forged Dr. Rui’s signature on a prescription

16) João declared “Normal Neural Examination” without analysing the pacient.

17) João consulted patients’ clinical records as a source of information for his research.

18) João described the situation of a patient he had recently examined to Ana, without the patient’s consent.

ConclusionConclusion

In general, they do not agree with the attitude but consider that there should not be a punishment for those who do it. In the end, they considered doing it.

Same students that disagree with cheating consider cheating as an option.

About cheating:About cheating:

In exams:

There are some significant differences between faculties: ESESJ: Those who disagree the most with

this attitude (56%). FMUP: Those who agree the least with the

punishment (46%). ICBAS: Those who consider the most doing

the same (42%), in opposition with ESESJ.Students from ESESJ have the most

positive attitude about cheating followed by FMUP and ICBAS which are very similar.

Between Years, it is relevant that seniors students are those who disagree the most with cheating, although there is no differences between consider doing it.

Students consider the attitude wrong, do not consider doing the same and agree with the application of a penalty.

Although they disagree with coping college work projects, they do copy them.

In college work projects:

About cheating:About cheating:

There are some significant differences between faculties: ESESJ: Those who disagree the most with the attitude. ESESJ: Those who agree the most with the application

of a penalty. ESESJ: Those who considered the least cheating in

college works project.

Boys are those who agree the most , and also the ones who strongly consider doing it.

About plagiarism:About plagiarism:

In general, students disagree with plagiarism, and do not consider doing the same.

Students agree that missing theoretical lessons is not wrong.

Students have an opposite opinion about missing lessons of obligatory presence, not considering missing them.

About missing lessons:About missing lessons:

Students do not consider wrong going out at night with lessons in the next morning.

Although, they consider wrong going out at night with clinical practice lessons in the next morning.

About going out at night:About going out at night:

Students consider that getting drunk at parties with lessons in the following morning is not wrong.

They have the same opinion about getting drunk several times a week.

Students consider wrong forging signatures on prescriptions

They also consider wrong to emit general judgments on patients that had not been properly analysed.

About professional About professional integrity:integrity:

Introdução à medicina Dec 16, 2005academic misconduct 1 Introdução à Medicina Introdução à...

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