Post on 03-Jun-2018
8/12/2019 Intro to Computer IT
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Definition: Electronic information processing
device (includes storage & retrieval)
Does not create information
Cannot think (unlike a human brain) Future: Network - Sharing information (Internet
& Intranet)
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The brain: capacity, speed, store
Named based on model: 80286, 80386, 80486,
Pentium, Pentium 4, Centrino etc.
Clock Speed: MHz or GHz
Math Co-Processor
Cache Memory 256/512 KB
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Peripheral Devices:
Input Devices - Keyboard, Mouse
Output Devices - Screen, Printer
Memory:
RAM - Active, temporary
ROM - Passive, Permanent.
Auxiliary storage devices: Floppy, Hard Disk,
CD/DVD ROM, Flash Disk etc.
Scanner, Modem, Memory Cards, Video adapter,
Projector (InFocus), etc
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Programs - Data
Program: a set of instructions to computer
Games, MS Office
Data: information created by user
Letter typed in by user
Both are stored separately on the hard disk.
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Applications Operating Systems
Windows Vista Mac OS X Leopard
Linux Solaris
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Manager to a computer (interface)
Text Based e.g. DOS (Disk Operating System)
Graphic User Interface (GUI) e.g. Windows, Mac OS
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Word Processor: MS Word
Spread Sheet: MS Excel, Lotus 123
Database: MS Access, Dbase,
Graphics & Design: MS Paint, Adobe CreativeSuite
Web Browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox
Entertainment: Games, Video, Music Informational: Educational software
Customized Programs - Airlines, Manufacturing,
Hotels, etc.
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Communication between computers.
Share information, ideas, resources
Hardware technology: Optical fiber, Ethernet,
Wireless LAN (radio waves) Internet: global communication
Information, entertainment, utility
No geographical, political, regional or other
limitations
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The process by which humans modify nature to
meet their needs and wantsKnowledge
Tools
Crafts
Sources: National Research Council (2002), National Academies of Engineering
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The broad subject concerned with all aspects
of managing and processing information
Anything related to computing technology, such
as networking, hardware, software, the
Internet, or the people that work with these
technologies
Sources: Dong, J. Network Dictionary. Javvin Technologies Inc.
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Reduce cost
Increase efficiency
Add knowledge by sharing and exchanging
information Retain knowledge and information
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Engineering: manufacturing
Military: training simulators
Security: biometrics
Transportation: chip cards for busses Education: e-learning, disability learning
Medicine: decision support system for patient
care, e-prescribing
Etc… It’s basically everywhere
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Internet: a global network connection millions
of computer
World Wide Web: the universe of network-
accessible information, the embodiment of
human knowledge
Internet vs WWW: The Web is just one of the
ways that information can be disseminatedover the Internet
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Browsers:
Internet ExplorerMozilla Firefox
Opera
Safari (Mac OS X)
Search engines:
Yahoo
MSN
Altavista
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Search query
Search web pages
Search images, books etc
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In the 1980s
Macintosh 1984 IBM PC 1981
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Now: growth of Mac OS market share to 7.3% in 2007 and a decrease in
Windows’ market share
Apple is very happy with the increase (check out the Ad)
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Requires a mouse
“Out of the box” all-in-one computer including
Hardware and software for recording and editing sound, images,
video and producing DVD discs
High quality graphics
Models vary according to the project development needs and budget,
but all are sufficient for basic multimedia projects
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Apple II (1977/1978) – Lisa 1 (1983)
CPU: 6502, 1 MHzMemory: 4K-48K
Data on audio cassette
CPU: Motorola 6800, 5 MHzMemory: 1Mb RAM, 5Mb HD
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The first Power Macintosh are based on Reduced Instruction-Set Computing (RISC)
microprocessors in 1994
RISC was typically used in engineering workstations and commercial databaseservers designed for raw computational power
Worked with IBM and Motorola: the earlier models use Motorola 68000, 68030
and 68040 processors
Power Mac 6100, 7100, 8100
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G3 series in 1997
Clock speed greater than 233 MHz higher performance than existing
Pentium-based Windows machines
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iMac (1998) and Power Mac G3 (Blue & White)
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iMac 266, Power Mac G4 and iBook (1999)
By 2003, G4 processors offered gigahertz speed and a dual processor
arrangement with 20-times performance increase over the G3 while runningapplications like Photoshop
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PowerBook G4, iBook, PowerMac G4 ‘Quicksilver’ (2001)
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PowerBook G4, iMac G4 (2003) – iMac G5 (2004) – PowerMac G5 (2005)
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Mac jumps to Intel Processors, allowing integration with Windows (2007)
MacBook & MacBook Pro (2007) - MacBook Air (2008) - iMac
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Not a computer per se, but rather a collection of parts that are tied
together by the requirements of Windows OS Processors, hard disks, CD-ROM, video and audio components,
monitors, keyboards etc come from different manufacturers
However, all components are now delivered together as “managed
PCs” under brands such as Dell, HP, Gateway, IBM etc.
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Scelbi and Mark-8 (1974/1975) – IBM 5100 (1975)
Mark-8Scelbi (SCientif ic, ELectronic and
BIological)
- Intel 8008 microprocessor - 1K programmable memory- Additional 15K memory available for$2760
IBM 5100
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Altair 8800 (1975) – TRS 80 (1976/1977)
Altair 8800
TRS 80 (Trash 80)
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IBM 5150 (1981)
CPU Intel 8088 4.77 MHz
Co-processor Optional 8087 Math Coprocessor
RAM 16Kb, 64Kb, then later 256Kb
ROM 64Kb
Graphics CGA
Colors Monochrome
Sound Tone generator Input/Output One or two 160Kb 5.25” disk-
drives
Hard disk 5Mb, 10Mb or 20Mb
OS MS-DOS
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IBM PC Convertible (1986)
Original Price: $2000 with 256K RAM
CPU Intel 80C88
Display Monochrome LCD,CGA resolution
OS IBM PC-DOS
Input/Output Dual 720K 3.5” Floppydrives
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Intel Pentium 60 & 66 MHz (1993) – Intel Pentium II 266 MHz (1997)
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Pentium III 450 MHz to 1.4 GHz (1999) – Pentium 4 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz (2000)
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Dual Core, Core 2 Duo (2006)