Internet Essentials

The History of the Internet The Internet started when the

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Defense Department began a network called ARPANET in 1969.

It was used as a tool to link university and government research centers together to exchange information and share resources. 

Father of the World Wide Web

In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee produced the first version of the World Wide web, the first web browser and the first web server.

In 1991 it was put online The first web page address was

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

W3C

In 1994, Berners-Lee founded W3C (World Wide Web consortium)

This is an organization to try to improve the quality and standard of the world wide web. 

Internet definition The Internet is a global wide

area network that connects computer systems across the world.

It includes several high-bandwidth data lines that makeup the Internet "backbone."

These lines are connected to major Internet hubs that distribute data to other locations, such as web servers and ISPs.

Networks The Internet is the largest computer network in

the world, connecting millions of computers.

A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

2 types of Networks There are two main types of computer networks:

1. Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is 2 or more connected computers sharing resources in a small geographic location. Examples: home networks and office networks.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is two or more LANs. The computers are farther apart. Examples: OCPS

The Internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in existence.

Servers

A server is a computer that "serves" many different computers in a network by running specialized software and storing information.

For example, webpages are stored on servers.

The Cloud

When something is in the cloud, it means it is stored on servers on the Internet instead of on your computer.

It lets you access your calendar, email, files, and more from any computer that has an Internet connection.

Packets early creators of the Internet

discovered that data moves faster when it is divided into smaller pieces, sent separately, then reassembled.

These data pieces are called

packets.

Protocols When computers communicate with each other, there

needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows.

A specific set of communication rules is called a protocol. Because of the many ways computers can communicate

with each other, there are many different protocols. Some examples of these different protocols include

TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP. Can you guess what the last "P" in each acronym stands

for? "protocol"

Operating Systems The program that lets you

interact with your computer It is software that

communicates with the computer hardware (acts like a translator)

Before you connect with the internet you need certain software and hardware installed on your computer