Post on 20-Jan-2016
International AgricultureAGED 4713
International Panel: Mexico
Manuel Corro
Fall 2001
Mexican History
European influence from Spain
Prehispanic culture:
Aztec Mayan Zapotecan Mixtecan Totonacan Olmecan
Geographic data
Area: 1972,550 sq. Km 32 States 1 Federal District
Every State divided in “Municipios”(counties)
Population98.5 million inhabitants
11th most populated country in the world
Population density: 50 people per sq.kilometer
Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km
Population growth rate: 1.6
74 % Population living in urban areas
26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)
Source: www.inegi.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican population Official and business language: Spanish Several Indigenous languages
Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie,
Tarahumara, yaqui
Diverse Population: 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish)
30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian
10 % full blood Indian
9% white
1% other
Economy Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
amounted to 915 billion dollars in 2000
Services66%
Industries28%
Agriculture6%
GDP per capita $9,100
Grains harvested in 1999
GrainArea
(ThousandsHa)
Production(Thousands
M.Ton)
YieldTon/ ha
Corn 7,406.0 18,314.4 2.4
Sorghum 1,877.35 6,043.2 3.2
Wheat 657.5 3,049.8 4.2
Beans 1,615 1,080.6 0.64
Barley 243.5 470.7 2.2
Rice 52.3 394.7 4.7
Soybean 122.5 132.8 1.6
Cartamo 96.1 262.7 1.6
Sesame 43.1 31.5 0.6
Total 12,113.35 29,780.4
Source: www.sagar.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican Agriculture
85 % cropping on rainfed land & 15 % irrigated
Rainfed land:
30 % good
53 % fair
17 % poor
Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor
Combines 2/2000 Ag. Labor
Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars
Livestock Production
Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and
world rank 1999
Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons
WorldRank
Domestic Imports
Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11
Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5
Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18
Pork 994,186 19 76 24
Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A
Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7
Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1
Milk(millions ofLiters)
8,877.3 12 85 15
Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and
world rank 1999
Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons
WorldRank
Domestic Imports
Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11
Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5
Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18
Pork 994,186 19 76 24
Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A
Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7
Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1
Milk(millions ofLiters)
8,877.3 12 85 15
Meat Consumption
Poultry39%
Beef31%
Pork25%
Sheep1%
Goat1%
Turkey3%
52 kg/year
Per capita
The Education System in Mexico
Some data about Education in Mexico
1921 66 % literacy 1995 91 % Literacy 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary
school 45 % 16 to 18 yr. people are in upper secondary 1.4 millions of teachers and professors 212 thousand education centers (all levels)
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
The structure of Mexican Education
Preschool ( 3-5 years old) Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) Upper Secondary or High school 3 levels (15-17 yr.) Technological Upper Secondary or Technical
Professional 3 levels Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher
education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
Enrollment in National Education System
Basic81%
Job Training3%
Up. Secondary10%
Higher Education
6%
28.5 millions of students
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
International trade
Agricultural Trade 1999
Crops Livestock
Exports $2,330,180.00 $196,586.00
Imports $1,899,573.00 $215,889.00
Balance $ 430,600.00 ($19,303.00)
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
Mexico Third largest foreign importer from U.S
– After Japan and Canada Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to
U.S.– After Canada
Total US Ag. exports to Mexico : 10 % meat and meat products 17 % seed 22 % live animals 22 % dairy products 43 % sorghum
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:– 20 % of coffee– 36 % live animals– 10 % fruit juice– 50 % Melons
U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag Exports:– 95 % Horticultural products– 75 % Coffee– 50 % Live animals– 98 % Beer– 56 % Sugar – 80 % Tequila
Mexico -United States relationship
"Our relationship with Mexico is an incredibly important relationship." "It's one where there's a lot of opportunity.” George W. Bush (Sept. 5, 2001)
Any Questions