Post on 30-Jul-2020
L.A. Utracki (Ed.), Polymer Blends Handbook, 1201-1214.© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
APPENDIX I
INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS FOR POLYMERS AND
POLYMER PROCESSING
(Compiled by L. A. Utracki)
National Research, Council Canada, Industrial Materials, Institute, Boucherville, QC, Canada
AA Acrylic acid (monomer)aPP Amorphous polypropyleneAAS, ASA Copolymer of acrylonitrile, acrylate (ester) and styreneACM Acrylate rubber, based on ethyl acrylate with other acrylicsACS, ACPES Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymerABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate copolymerABR Elastomeric copolymer from an acrylate (ester) and butadiene;
a rubberABS Thermoplastic terpolymer, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymerABS-MA Maleated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymerABM Copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-methyl acrylateABMA Copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acidABSM Graft copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-methylmethacrylateABSMA Graft copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-maleic anhydrideABVC Thermoplastic terpolymer, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-vinylchloride
copolymerACM Acrylic elastomer, e.g., alkyl acrylate-2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
copolymerACPES Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymerACRYL Poly- or copoly- methylmethacrylate (Acrylic)ACS Thermoplastic blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-chlorinated PE terpolymerAEM Elastomeric ethyl (or other) acrylate-ethylene copolymerAES Terpolymer from acrylonitrile, ethylene-propylene elastomer and
styreneAF Aniline-formaldehyde molding resinsAFMU Terpolymer of tetrafl uoroethylene, trifl uoro nitrosomethane and
nitrosoperfl uorobutyric acidAK Alkyd resinAMAB Copolymer from acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and butadiene rubber
1202 Appendix I
AMC Alkyd molding compoundAMMA Thermoplastic copolymer from
acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate
AMS α-methyl styreneAN AcrylonitrileANM Acrylate rubber, based on ethyl
acrylate with acrylonitrileAP, APR Elastomeric ethylene-
propylene-diene copolymer; now EPDM
APET Amorphous polyethyleneterephthalate
aPP Atactic PPAR Elastomeric copolymer from
acrylates and olefi nsARP Polyarylterephthalate liquid crystal
copolymers, also PATAS Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer
(see also SAN)ASA, AAS Thermoplastic copolymer from
acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylatesASR Alkylene sulfi de rubberAU Elastomeric polyester or
polyurethane with polyester segments
BA, PBA Polybutylacrylate (incorrectly used for acrylic elastomer, ACM)
BAAN Butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer
BAMM Butyl acrylate-methylmethacrylate copolymer
BFE Bromotrifl uoroethylene polymersBIIR Brominated elastomer from
isobutene and isoprene; bromobutyl rubber
BMC Bulk molding compound (UP resins)BMI BismaleimideBMMM Butyl methacrylate-methyl
methacrylate copolymerBOPP Biaxially oriented polypropylene
fi lmBP, BR Polybutadiene or an isobutene/
isoprene copolymer; butyl or butadiene rubber
bPC Branched polycarbonate of
bisphenol-ABPA Bisphenol-ABR Butadiene rubberBu-ABS Graft copolymer of butylacrylate
and triallyl isocyanurate on polybutadiene, in turn emulsion grafted with styrene and acrylonitrile
CA Cellulose acetateCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrateCAN Cellulose acetate-nitrateCAP Cellulose acetate-propionateCB Cellulose butyrate (also carbon
black reinforcing pigment)CBR Chlorinated butadiene rubberCDB Conjugated diene butyl elastomerCE Cellulose plastics in generalCEM Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also
CFM, CTFEP, PCTFECF Cresol-formaldehyde resins (also
reinforcing carbon fi ber)CFM Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also
CEM, CTFEP, PCTFECHR Elastomeric copolymer from
epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide
CIIR Post chlorinated elastomeric copolymer from isobutene and isoprene
CM Chloro-polyethylene (also: Compression molding)
CMC Carboxy methyl cellulose, (or critical micelle concentration)
CMHEC Carboxy methyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose
CMPS Poly(chloromethyl styrene)CN Cellulose nitrate (Celluloid)CNR Elastomeric terpolymer from
tetrafl uoroethylene, tri-fl uoro nitroso methane, and a small amount of an unsaturated monomer, e.g., nitroso perfl uoro-butyric acid; nitroso or carboxy nitroso rubber
CO Polychloromethyl oxirane elastomer, epichlorohydrin rubber
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1203
COP Cycloolefi n polymers or copolymersCO-PAI CopolyamideimideCOPE Copolyester elastomerCO-PI CopolyimideCOPO Poly(carbon monoxide-co-
polyolefi n), a linear, alternating terpolymer: ethylene-co-propylene-co-carbon monoxide
COX Carboxylic rubberCP Cellulose propionate, or chlorinated
polyethylene; also CPECP2 Alternating copolymer from vinyl
ether and maleic acidCP4 Copolymer from acrylic acid and
maleic acidCPE Chlorinated polyethyleneCPET Crystallizable (or chlorinated)
polyethyleneterephthalateCPI cis-Polyisoprene; also IRCPVC Chlorinated polyvinylchlorideCR Chloroprene, or Neoprene, rubberCRM Chlorosulfonated polyethyleneCRP Carbon fi ber reinforced plasticsCS CaseinCSM, CSPE Chlorosulfonated polyethylene; also
CSPE or CSRCSR Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (also
CSPE or CSM)CT, CTA Cellulose triacetateCTBN Carboxy-terminated nitrile rubberCTFE Polychlorotrifl uoroethyleneCTFEP Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also
CFM, CEM, PCTFECUT Continuous use temperatureCV Viscose; also VI
DAC DiallylchlorendateDAF DiallylfumarateDAIP DiallylisophthalateDAP DiallylphthalateDCA Dichloroacetic acidDMA Dynamic mechanical analysisDMC Dough molding compoundDMF N,N-dimethylformamide (solvent;
also DMT)DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent)DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
E-PVC Emulsion polyvinyl chloride; PVC polymerized in emulsion
E-SBR Polymerized in emulsion styrene/butadiene copolymer
E/B Copolymers of ethylene and 1-butene
E/P Ethylene-propylene copolymerEA, EAA Ethylene acrylic acid copolymerEAM Elastomeric copolymer of ethylene
and vinyl acetateEBA Ethylene butyl acrylate copolymerEBA-AA Ethylene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid
copolymerEBA-GMA Ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl
methacrylate copolymerEBA-MA Ethylene (50 to 90 parts)-co-butyl
acrylate (5 to 49 parts)-co-maleic anhydride (0.5 to 10 parts) copolymer
EBM Extrusion blow moldingEC Ethyl celluloseECA Ethylene-carbonate copolymerECB Blends from ethylene copolymers
with bitumenECO, CO Elastomeric copolymer from
ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin (also EO-ECH)
ECPE Extended chain polyethyleneECTF, Poly(ethylene-co-chloro tri-fl uoro ECTFE ethylene)EEA Elastomeric copolymer from
ethylene and ethyl acrylateEEA-GMA Ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl
methacrylate copolymerEEAAA Polyethylene grafted with ethyl
acrylate and acrylic acidEGMA Ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate
copolymerEHEC Hydroxy ethyl celluloseELAST ElastomerEMA Copolymer from ethylene and
maleic anhydride or ethylene-methyl acrylate
EMAc Copolymer from ethylene and methacrylic acid
1204 Appendix I
EMAC Ethylene methacrylate copolymerEMI Electromagnetic interferenceEMM Copolymer from ethylene and
methylmethacrylateEMP Ethylene-propylene copolymers
(ethylene modifi ed polypropylene)
ENR Epoxidized natural rubberEO-ECH Copolymer of ethylene oxide and
epichlorohydrin; also ECO, COEP Epoxy resinsEP-G-G Prepreg from epoxy resin and
glass fabric (German literature)EP-K-L Prepreg from epoxy resin and
carbon fi ber fabric (German literature)
EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer
EPD, EPDM Elastomeric terpolymer from ethylene, propylene, and a non-conjugated diene
EPDM-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
EPE Ester of an epoxy resinEPR, EPM Elastomeric copolymer of ethylene
and propyleneEPR-MA Maleated ethylene-propylene
rubber, EPREPS Polystyrene foam; expanded PSEPT, EPTR Ethylene, propylene, and a non-
conjugated diene terpolymer; also EPDM
ES Ethylene-styrene block copolymerESCR Environmental stress crack
resistanceESD Electrostatic dissipationETE Engineering thermoplastic
elastomerETFE Copolymer from ethylene and
tetrafl uoroethyleneEtOH EthanolEU Polyether urethaneEVA Ethylene-vinyl acetal copolymerEVA-GMA Ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl
methacrylate copolymerEVAc Copolymer from ethylene and
vinyl acetateEVAc-AA Ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid
graft copolymerEVAc-CO Ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon
monoxide copolymerEVAc-MA Copolymer from ethylene, vinyl
acetate and methacrylic acidEVAl, EVAL Copolymer of ethylene and vinyl
alcoholEVAVC Ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl
chloride copolymerEVC Copolymer from ethylene and
vinylene carbonateEVE Ethylene-vinyl ether copolymerEVM Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,
a thermoplastic elastomerEVOH Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer;
also EVAl, EVALEVP Ethylene vinyl pyrrolidinone
copolymer
FA Formic acidFE Fluorine containing elastomerFEP Fluorinated EPR;
tetrafl uoroethylene/hexa-fl uoro propylene rubber
FF Resin from furan and formaldehyde
FFKM Perfl uoro rubbers of the polymethylene type, having all substituent fl uoro, perfl uoroalkyl or perfl uoroalkoxy groups on the polymer chain
FK, FRP, Fiber reinforced plastic GRPFKM Hexa-fl uoro propylene-
vinylidenefl uoride copolymerFMQ Methyl fl uoro silicone rubberFP FluoroplasticFPM Vinylidenefl uoride/hexa-fl uoro
propylene elastomer; rubbers with fl uoro and fl uoroalkyl or fl uoroalkoxy groups
FPVC Flexible PVC fi lmFQ Elastomeric silicone with fl uorine
containing substituentsFRE Fiber reinforced epoxy
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1205
FRP, GRP, FK Glass fi ber reinforced polyesterFTIR Fourrier-transform infrared
spectroscopyFVMQ Silicone rubber with fl uorine, vinyl,
and methyl substituents
GC Gas chromatographGECO Epichlorohydrin-ethylene glycol-
glycidyl ether elastomeric copolymer
GEP Glass fi ber reinforced epoxy resinGF Glass fi ber, or glass fi ber reinforced
plasticGF-PF Glass fi ber reinforced phenolic resinGF-UP Glass fi ber reinforced unsaturated
polyester resinGMA Glycidyl methacrylate (monomer)GMT Glass mat reinforced plasticsGP Gutta perchaGPC Gel permeation chromatograph
(now: size exclusion chromatography, SEC)
GPO Elastomeric copolymer from propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether
GPPS General purpose polystyrene (also PS)
GPSMA General purpose styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (also SMA)
GR Government Rubber from state-owned factories in the USA during the Second World War
GR-1 Butyl rubberGR-N Nitrile rubber; now NBRGR-S Styrene-butadiene rubberGRP Glass reinforced polyester
(thermoset)GUR Ultrahigh molecular weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE)
HALS Hindered amines (antioxidants)HAO Higher alpha-olefi nsHBV Poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-
co-valerate)HDPE High density polyethylene
(ca. 960 kg/m3)HDT Heat defl ection temperature
HEC Hydroxy ethyl celluloseHIPS High impact polystyreneHISMA High impact styrene-maleic
anhydride copolymerHM Hot melt adhesiveHMC Sheet molding compound with high
glass fi ber contentHMW High molecular weightHMW-PE Polyethylene with high molecular
weightH-NBR, HNBR Hydrogenated acrylonitrile-
butadiene elastomerHPC Hydroxy propyl celluloseHPMC Hydroxy propyl-methyl celluloseHR High resiliency foamsHTE Hydroxyl terminated polyether
ICP Intrinsically conductive (or connecting) polymer
IEN Interpenetrating elastomeric network
IGC Inverse gas chromatographIHPN Interpenetrating homopolymer
networkIIR Isobutene-isoprene rubber
(butyl rubber)IM Polyisobutene; also PIBIO IonomerIPN Interpenetrating polymer networkIPS Impact resistant polystyreneIR, FTIR Infrared spectroscopy (or Fourrier-
transfrom infrared spectroscopy)IR Synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene,
synthetic isoprene rubber
L-SBR Solution polymerized SBRLCP Liquid crystal polymerLDPE Low density polyethylene
(ca. 918 kg/m3)LIM Liquid impingement molding (now
reactive injection molding, RIM)LIPN Latex interpenetrating polymer
networkLLDPE Linear low density polyethyleneLMDPE Linear medium density polyethyleneLPE Linear polyethyleneLRM Liquid reaction molding (now
1206 Appendix I
reactive injection molding, RIM)LRMR Reinforced liquid reaction molding
(now reinforced reactive injection molding, RRIM)
LSR Liquid silicone rubberLTG Low temperature zinc phosphate
glasses
M-PVC Polymerized in bulk polyvinylchloride
MA or Maleic anhydride (monomer) MAHMABS Copolymer from methyl
methacrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene
MAN Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile
MAS Copolymer from methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene
MBA Copolymer from methylmethacrylate, butadiene and acrylonitrile
MBS Copolymer from methylmethacrylate, butadiene and styrene
MC Methylene chloride (solvent)MC Methyl celluloseMDI Methyl di-isocyanateMDPE Medium density polyethylene
(ca. 930 to 940 kg/m3)MEK Methyl ethyl ketone (solvent)MeSAN Copolymer from α-methyl styrene
and acrylonitrileMF Melamine-formaldehyde resinsMFI Melt fl ow indexMFK Metal fi ber reinforced plasticMFQ Silicone rubbers with methyl
and fl uorine substituent groups; also FMQ
MFR Melt fl ow rateMI Melt indexMIPS Medium impact strength
polystyreneMMA Methylmethacrylate (monomer)MMA-MAc-EA Copolymer of methyl
methacrylate, methacrylic acid and
ethyl acrylateMMBA Copolymer from methyl
methacrylate, butyl acrylateMMBA-TPT Copolymer from methyl
methacrylate, butyl acrylate, diallyl maleate and trimethylol propane triacrylate,
MMEA Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer
MMMA Methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate copolymer
MMPMI Methylmethacrylate-co-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer
MMS Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and α-methyl styrene
MMVAc Methyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer
MMVAc-AACopolymer of methylmethacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid
MMW Medium molecular weightMPC Tetramethyl polycarbonate;
also TMPC, TMBPA-PCMPF Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde
resinMPQ Silicone rubbers having both methyl
and phenyl substituent groups; also PMQ
MPR Melt-processable rubberMPS Poly(α-methyl styrene)MPVQ Silicone rubbers with methyl,
phenyl and vinyl groups; also PVMQ
MQ Elastomeric silicones with methyl substituents
MSABS Methylstyrene-styrene-acrylonitrile-grafted polybutadiene
MSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from α-methyl styrene and acrylonitrile
MSMA Copolymer of methylmethacrylate, p-methyl-styrene and maleic anhydride
MVQ Silicone rubbers having both methyl and vinyl substituent groups; also VMQ
MWR Molding with rotation
n-C6 n-Hexane
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1207
n-C7 n-Heptanen-C10 n-DecaneNBR Elastomeric copolymer from
butadiene and acrylonitrile; nitrile rubber
NC Cellulose nitrate; also CNNCR Elastomeric copolymer from
acrylonitrile and chloropreneNDPE Low density polyethylene;
see also LDPENIR Elastomeric copolymer from
acrylonitrile and isopreneNK Natural rubber; also NRNP Network polymerNR Natural rubber; also NK
OEP Oil-extended polymerOPET Oriented polyethyleneterephthalateOPP Oriented polypropylene, fi lm or
bottles; also PPOPR Elastomeric polymer from
propylene oxideOPS Oriented polystyrene fi lmsOPVC Oriented polyvinylchlorideOSA Olefi n-modifi ed styrene-
acrylonitrile copolymer
P-S, PSA Pressure-sensitive adhesiveP3FE Poly(tri-fl uoro ethylene)PA Polyamide; the abbreviation PA is
normally followed by a number, a combination of numbers, a letter or a combination of letters and numbers. A single number refers to the polyamide from an α,ω-amino acid or its lactam. A combination of two numbers is often separated by a comma. The fi rst number following the symbol PA indicates the number of methylene groups of aliphatic di-amines, the second number the number of carbon atoms of aliphatic di-carboxylic acids. An I stands for isophthalic acid, a T for terephthalic acid. For example, co-polyamide from caprolactam,
hexamethylenediamine condensed with isophthalic and terephthalic acids is abbreviated as PA-6IT6, or that from caprolactam, m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid as PA-mXD6, etc.
PA-6 Poly-ε-caprolactamPA-46 Poly(tetramethylene adipamide),
also PTAPA-66 Poly(hexamethylene diamine-adipic
acid), polyhexamethylene-adipamide
PA-6IT6 Poly(caprolactam-co-hexa-methylene diamine-isophthalic and terephthalic acids)
PA-mXD Poly(m-xylylene adipamide)PA-mXD6 Poly(m-xylylenediamine and adipic
acid-co-caprolactam)PAA Polyacrylic acidPAAE Polyarylamide-polyetherPAAM PolyacrylamidePABM PolyaminobismaleimidePAC Polyacrylonitrile fi ber (also PAN);
polyacrylatePACE PolyacetylenePADC Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate)PAE PolyaryletherPAEB Poly(p-aminoethyl benzoate)PAEI Polyacrylic ester imidePAEK PolyaryletherketonePAES PolyarylethersulfonePAI Polyamide-imidePAK Polyester alkydPALL Polyallomer — a block copolymer
of propylene, ethylene (1.5 to 3%), butene (8%) and hexene (5%)
PAMS Poly-α-methyl styrenePAN PolyacrylonitrilePANI PolyanilinePAPA Polyazelaic polyanhydridePAPI Polymethylenepolyphenylene
isocyanate; also PMPPIPAr, PAR Polyarylate,
[-φ-C(CH3)2-φ-CO2-φ-CO2-]n, amorphous polyester of bisphenol-A with isophthalic and terephthalic acids
1208 Appendix I
PARA Polyaryl amide (aromatic, usually amorphous polyamide)
PARS PolyaryloxysiloxanePArSi Poly(aryloxysiloxane), e.g.,
poly(dimethylsiloxybiphenylene-oxide)
PAS Polyarylsulfi de copolymers (esp. in German and Japanese literature)
PAS, PASU Polyarylsulfone [-φ-SO2- φ-O-]0.875[-φ-O-]0.125
PAT Polyaminotriazole; also polyarylterephthalate, aromatic LCP polyester
PAUR Polyester urethanePB Poly-1-butene, polybutylene; elastic
polydiene fi berPB-SMA Styrene-maleic anhydride-grafted
polybutadienePBA Polybutylacrylate; also poly(1,4-
benzamide)PBAN Poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)PBCD Poly(butylene cyclohexane
dicarboxylate)PBD PolybutadienePBE Poly(1-butene-co-ethylene)PBG Polybutylene glycol; also known as
polytetrahydrofuran, PTHFPBI PolybenzimidazolesPBMA Poly-n-butyl methacrylatePBMI PolybismaleimidePBN Poly(butylene-2,6-naphthalene
dicarboxylate)PBNDC Poly(butylene-
2,5-naphthalene-dicarboxylate)PBO PolybutyleneoxidePBR Copolymer from butadiene and
vinyl pyridinePBS Copolymer from butadiene and
styrene; see also GR-S, SBRPBT, PBTP PolybutyleneterephthalatePBT-PBG Copolymer of 1,4-butanediol-
polybutylene glycol-terephthalic acid
PBZ PolybenzobisoxazolePBzMA Poly(benzyl methacrylate)PBZT Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole)PC Polycarbonate of bisphenol-A
PC-Ph Co-polycarbonate from phosgene with bisphenol-A and phenolphthalein
PCA Polycarbonate-acrylicPCD PolycarbondiimidePCDP PolydicyclopentadienePCDT Poly(1,4-cyclohexylene
di-methylene terephthalate)PCE PolycycloenesPCF Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene fi berPCHMA Polycyclohexyl methacrylatePCI Poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene
isophthalate)PCME Poly(2,2-dichloro-
methyltrimethylene ether)PCN Poly(2-cyano-5-norbornene)PCO Polycycloolefi nPCT, PCTG Poly(cyclohexane terephthalate-
glycol), copolymer of cyclohexanedimethanol ( 66 mol %), ethylene glycol, ( 34 mol %) and terephthalic acid
PCTFE Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also CEM, CFM, CTFE
PCU Polyvinyl chloride (old German literature)
PDAP Polydiallylphthalate; also DAP, FDAP
PDCP PolydicyclopentadienePDMDPhS Poly(dimethyl-diphenyl siloxane)PDMS PolydimethylsiloxanePDPS PolydiphenylsiloxanePE PolyethylenePEA PolyetheramidePEAc PolyethylacrylatePEB polyethylene-p-oxybenzoatePEBA Thermoplastic elastomer, polyether-
block-amidePEC Polyestercarbonate or chlorinated
polyethylene; usually CPEPeCe Chlorinated PVC; also CPVC, PC,
PVCCPECO Polyethylene carbonate,PEE Polyester ether fi bers (containing
diol and p-hydroxy benzoate units, e.g., polyethylene-p-oxybenzoate
PEEI Polyesteretherimide
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1209
PEEK PolyetheretherketonePEG PolyethyleneglycolPEH High density polyethylene;
also HDPEPEI PolyetherimidePEIE Polyetherimide ester copolymerPEIm PolyetheriminePEK PolyetherketonePEKEKK Poly(ether-ketone-
ether-ketone-ketone)PEL Low density polyethylene;
also LDPEPEM Medium density polyethylene;
also MDPEPENDC, Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene PEN dicarboxylate) or
PolyethylenenaphthalatePENi PolyethernitrilePEO Polyethylene glycol, usually PEGPEOX Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)PEP Thermoplastic copolymer from
ethylene and propylenePEPA Polyether-polyamide copolymerPES Polyethersulfone [-φ-SO2-φ-O-]nPEsA PolyesteramidePESK PolyarylenethioetherketonePEST Thermoplastic polyesters, e.g., PBT,
PET, also TPESPET, PETP PolyethyleneterephthalatePETG Polyethyleneterephthalate glycol;
copolymer with 66 mol % ethylene glycol and 34 mol % cyclohexylene dimethanol
PEtI PolyethyleneiminePEUR PolyetherurethanePF Phenol-formaldehyde resinPFA Polyfl uoroalcoxyalkane; copolymer
of tetrafl uoroethylene and perfl uorinated
PFEP Copolymer from tetrafl uoroethylene and hexa-fl uoro propylene; also FEP
PFF Phenol-furfural resinPG Poly-α-hydroxy acrylic acidPGI PolyglutarimidePH PhenolicsPHB, POB Poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid)
PHBA Poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid)PHEMA Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylatePHIT Poly(hexylene-
isophthalate-terephthalate)PHMT, PHT PolyhexamethyleneterephthalatePHP Physiological hydrophilic polymersPhPS Poly(p-phenyl styrene)PHT, PHMT PolyhexamethyleneterephthalatePHZ PolyphosphazenePI Polyimide, but also trans-1,4-
polyisoprene, gutta-percha (UK)PIAN Isoprene - acrylonitrile oil resistant
elastomerPIB PolyisobutenePIBI Copolymer from isobutene and
isoprene, butyl rubber; also Butyl, GR-I, IIR
PIBO PolyisobuteneoxidePIP Synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene; also
CPI, IRPIPO PolyimidazipyrolonePIR Polyisocyanurate (foam)PIS PolyisobutylenePISU PolyimidesulfonePL Polyethylene (EWG); also PEPLA Polylactic acidPMA PolymethylacrylatePMAC Polymethoxy acetalPMAN Polymethyl acrylonitrilePMB Polyp-methylenebenzoatePMCA Polymethyl-α-chloro acrylatePMI PolymethacrylimidePMMA PolymethylmethacrylatePMMA- Poly(methylmethacrylate-co- GMA glycidyl methacrylate)PMMA- Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-acrylic MA acid)PMMI PolypyromellitimidePMP Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene; see also
TPXPMPhS PolymethylphenylsiloxanePMPPI Polymethylenepolyphenylene
isocyanate; also PAPIPMQ Silicone rubbers with methyl and
phenyl substituentsPMS Poly-α-methyl styrenePNA Polynuclear aromatics
1210 Appendix I
PNF Polyfl uoroalcoxyphosphazenePNR Polynorbornene rubberPO Polyolefi n, but also: Elastomeric
polypropylene oxide, and Phenoxy resin
POB, PHB Poly-p-hydroxy benzoatePOBA Polyoxybenzoyl acid, rigid-rod
polymerPOBI PolyoxadiazobenzimidazolePOCA Poly(oxy(cyanoarylene)) or
PolyoxycyanoarylenePOD PolyoctadecenePODZ Poly(p-phenylene 1,3,4-oxadiaxole)POM Polyoxymethylene,
polyformaldehyde, polyacetal or “acetal resin”
POMA Poly(oxetane methacrylate)POP Polyoxypropylene, usually PPGPOR Elastomeric copolymer from
propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether
POT Polyoctyl thiophenePP Polypropylene or oriented
polypropylene; see also OPPPP-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed
polypropylenePPA Polyphthalamide; also
polypropyleneadipatePPAc PolypropylacrylatePPBA Polyparabanic acidPPC Chlorinated polypropylenePPC Polyphthalate-carbonate, High heat
PC with HDT = 160°CPPCA Poly(polycyclic (meth)acrylate)PPD-T, Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTA Kevlar™PPeA Poly(n-pentyl acrylate)PPE Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene
ether); see also PPOPPE-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed
poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene ether)
PPG Polypropylene glycolPPhA PolyphthalamidePPI Polymeric polyisocyanatePPMA Poly(phenyl methacrylate)PPMS, Poly(para-methyl styrene)
PpMSPPO GE Co., Polymer Products
Operation, trade name for poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene ether); see PPE
PPOEA Poly(phenoxyethoxyethyl acrylate)PPOX, PPO Polypropylene glycol, usually PPGPPP Poly-p-phenylenePPrA Poly(n-propyl acrylate)PPR PolypyrrolePPS Polyphenylsulfi dePPSK, PKS Polyketonesulfi de [-φ-S-φ-CO-]nPPSS, Polyphenylenesulfi desulfone, PPS-S polythioethersulfonePPSU, Polyphenylene sulfone; polysulfone PSF, PSOPPT, PPTP Polypropyleneterephthalate; see
also PTTPPTA, Poly(1,4-phenylene PPD-T terephthalamide)PPX Poly(p-xylylene)PPy PolypyrrolePPZ PolyorganophosphazenePQ Elastomeric silicone with phenyl
substituentsPS PolystyrenePS-GMA Styrene-glycidyl methacrylate
copolymerPS-MA Styrene-maleic anhydrite copolymerPS-TSG Polystyrene foam, processed by
injection (German literature)PS-VPh Poly(styrene-b-vinyl phenol) block
copolymerPSAB Copolymer from styrene and
butadiene; also SB, S/BPSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from
styrene and acrylonitrile; also SAN
PSB Styrene-butadiene rubber, also GS-R, SBR
PSBR Elastomeric terpolymer from vinyl pyridine, styrene, and butadiene
PSF Polysulfone, also PSUL, PSU, PSOPSI Polymethyl phenyl siloxanePSL PolyspirodilactonePSO Polysulfone, also PSUL, PSU, PSFPSOX Styrene polymer having reactive
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1211
(2-oxazoline) groupsPST Polystyrene fi ber with at least 85%
styrene unitsPSU Polysulfone
[-φ-SO2-φ-O-φ-C(CH3)2-φ-O-]nPSUL Polysulfone, also PSF, PSU, PSOPTA Polytetramethylene adipamidePTF Polytetrafl uoroethylene fi berPTFE Polytetrafl uoroethylene (also TFE)PTHF Polytetrahydrofuran [also known as
polybutylene glycol, PBG]PTMA PolytetramethyleneadipatePTMC Poly(trimethylene carbonate)PTMEG Poly(tetramethylene ether glycol)PTMG Polytetramethylene glycolPTMT Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate)
= polybutyleneterephthalate; PBTPTO PolytransoctanylenePTR Polysulfi de rubberPTT Poly(trimethyleneterephthalate);
also PPTPU, PUR Polyurethane elastomerPVA Polyvinyl acetalPVAc, Polyvinyl acetate PVACPVAl, Polyvinyl alcohol PVALPVBO Polyvinyl butyralPVBu Polyvinyl butyratePVC Polyvinyl chloridePVC-DC Poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinylidene
chloride)PVCA, Copolymer from vinyl chloride and PVCAc vinyl acetatePVCC Chlorinated PVC; also CPVC, PeCePVD Polyvinylidene chloride fi ber with
50 wt% vinylidene chloridePVDC Polyvinylidene chloride; also PVC2PVDF Polyvinylidene fl uoride; also PVF2PVE PolyvinylethylenePVF Polyvinyl fl uoridePVFM, Polyvinyl formal PVFOPVI Poly(vinyl isobutyl ether)PVID PolyvinylidenecyanidePVIE Polyvinylisobutyl etherPVK Poly-N-vinylcarbazole
PVM Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinyl methyl ether
PVME PolyvinylmethyletherPVMQ Silicone rubber with methyl,
phenyl, and vinyl substituentsPVOH Polyvinyl alcohol; also PVAL,
PVAlPVP Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidonePVPh Poly(4-vinylphenol),
poly(p-hydroxy styrene)PVSI Polydimethyl siloxane with phenyl
and vinyl substituentsPY Unsaturated polyester resins;
also UP
Q Silicone elastomerQA Quality assuranceQC Quality controlQDS Quality data statisticsQMC Quick molding change
RAM Restricted area moldingRCF Refractory ceramic fi berREX Reactive extrusionRF Resorcinol-formaldehyde resinRH Relative humidity (in %)RHB Reheat blow moldingRIM Reaction injection moldingRLM Reactive liquid polymerRMPS Rubber-modifi ed polystyreneRP, RTP Reinforced plastics, reinforced
thermoplastic, also RP/CRPBT Reinforced
polybutyleneterephthalateRPET Reinforced
polyethyleneterephthalateRPVC Rigid PVC fi lmRRIM Reinforced reaction injection
moldingRTD Residence time distributionRTM Resin transfer moldingRTP Reinforced thermoplasticRTPO Reactor-blended thermoplastic
olefi nic elastomerRTS Reinforced thermosetRTV Room temperature vulcanization
(of silicone rubber)
1212 Appendix I
RUC Chlorinated rubber
S-EPDM Sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
S-PVC Suspension PVCSAA Styrene-acrylic acid copolymerSAMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-methacrylic
acid copolymerSAN Styrene-acrylonitrileSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from
styrene and acrylonitrile; also: AS, PSAN
SANGMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer
SANMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-maleic anhydride copolymer
SAXS Small-Angle X-Ray ScatteringSB, SBR Thermoplastic copolymer from
styrene and butadiene; also PASB, S/B
SB/BA Styrene-butadiene-butyl acrylate copolymer
SBCL Styrene-butadiene-caprolactone copolymer
SBMA Styrene-butadiene-maleic anhydride copolymer
SBMI Styrene-butadiene-maleimideSBP Styrene-butadiene polymerSBR Styrene-butadiene elastomerSBS Styrene-butadiene-StyreneSBS Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock
polymerSCR Elastomeric copolymer from
styrene and chloropreneSEBS Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene
triblock polymerSEM Scanning electron microscopySEP Styrene-ethylene-propylene block
copolymerSF, SFM Structural foam, structural foam
moldingSFK Synthetic fi ber reinforced plastic
(German literature)SFP Scrapless forming processSHIPS Super-high impact polystyreneSI Thermoplastic siliconeSIN Simultaneous interpenetrating
network or semi-interpenetrating network
SIPN Sequential interpenetrating polymer network
SIR Elastomeric copolymer from styrene and isoprene
SIS Styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock polymer
SMA Copolymer from styrene and maleic anhydride
SMA-AA Styrene-maleic anhydride-acrylic acid copolymer
SMAA Copolymer from styrene and methacrylic acid
SMC Sheet molding compoundSMI Copolymer from styrene and
maleimideSMM-GM Styrene-methyl methacrylate-
glycidyl methacrylate copolymerSMM-MA Styrene-methyl methacrylate-maleic
anhydride copolymerSMMA, Styrene-methyl methacrylate SMM copolymerSMS Copolymer from styrene and
α-methyl styreneSP Saturated polyester plasticsSPC Statistical process controlsPP Syndiotactic polypropyleneSPPF Solid-phase pressure formingSPSF Solid-phase stretch formingSR Synthetic rubber, polysulfi de rubberSRIM Structural reactive injection
moldingSRP Styrene-rubber plasticsSSE Single-screw extruderSVA Styrene-vinyl-acrylonitrile
copolymerSVPh Styrene-p-vinyl phenol copolymerSWP Solvent welded plastics pipe
TA Cellulose triacetate; also CT, CTATC Technically classifi ed natural rubberTCE TetrachloroethaneTDI Toluene di-isocyanateTE Thermoplastic elastomer of any
typeTEEE Thermoplastic elastomer, ether-ester
International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1213
TEO Thermoplastic elastomer, olefi nicTES Thermoplastic elastomer, styrenicTFE Polytetrafl uoroethylene (also PTFE)TGA Thermogravimetric analysisTGIC Triglycidyl isocyanurateTHF Tetrahydrofuran (solvent)TM Thioplasts, transfer moldingTMA Thermo-mechanical analyzerTMBA-PC Tetra-methyl bisphenol-A
polycarbonate (or MPC, TMPC)TMC Thick molding compoundTMPC Tetra-methyl bisphenol-A
polycarbonate (TMBPA-PC)TOR trans-polyoctenamer rubberTP ThermoplasticTPA, TPR 1,5-trans-polypentenamerTPE, TPEL Thermoplastic elastomerTPE-A Thermoplastic elastomer-amideTPE-E Thermoplastic elastomer-esterTPE-S Thermoplastic elastomer-
polystyreneTPES Thermoplastic polyesters, e.g., PBT,
PET, see also PESTTPI Thermoplastic polyimideTPO Thermoplastic olefi nic elastomerTPS Toughened PS (in the UK for HIPS)TPU, TPUR Thermoplastic urethanesTPV Thermoplastic vulcanizateTPX Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene);
see also PMPTR Thermoplastic elastomer or Thio
Rubber (UK)TREF Temperature rising elution
fractionationTS ThermosetTSE Thermoset elastomerTSI Thermoset polyimideTSUR Thermoset polyurethane
UE Polyurethane elastomerUF Urea-formaldehyde resinUFS Urea-formaldehyde foamUHMW-PE Ultrahigh molecular weight
polyethylene (over 3 Mg/mol)ULDPE Ultra low density polyethylene
(ca. 900 to 915 kg/m3)UP Unsaturated polyester
UP-G-G Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass fi bers
UP-G-M Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass mats
UP-G-R Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass rovings
UPVC Unplasticized PVCUR Polyurethane elastomers; also UP
VAc VinylacetateVAc-AN Copolymer from vinylacetate and
acrylonitrileVAcE Vinylacetate-ethylene copolymerVC/E, VCE Vinylchloride-ethylene copolymerVCEMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride,
ethylene and methyl acrylate (or maleic anhydride)
VCEV Copolymer from vinyl chloride, ethylene and vinylacetate
VCMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and methyl acrylate
VCMMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and methylmethacrylate
VCOA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and octyl acrylate
VCVAc Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate
VCVDC Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride
VCE Copolymer from ethylene and vinyl chloride
VCM Vinyl chloride (monomer); also VCVDC Vinylidene chlorideVDC/AN Copolymer from vinylidene
chloride and acrylonitrileVF/HFP Copolymer from vinylidene fl uoride
and hexa-fl uoro propyleneVLDPE Very low density polyethylene
(ca. 885 kg/m3)VMQ Silicone rubber with methyl and
vinyl substituentsVOC Volatile organic compoundVPE Vulcanized (cross-linked)
polyethylene; also XLPEVQ Elastomeric silicone with vinyl
substituentsVSI Polydimethylsiloxane with vinyl
1214 Appendix I
groups
WAXS Wide-angle X-ray scatteringWR Woven rovings
XABS Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/acidic monomer; an elastomeric copolymer
XLPE Cross-linked polyethyleneXMC Extra-strength molding compoundXNBR Acrylonitrile/butadiene/acidic
monomer; an elastomeric copolymer
XPS Expandable or expanded PSXSBR Butadiene/styrene/acidic monomer;
an elastomeric copolymer
YBPO Elastomeric polyetherester: [((CH2)4-O)n-CO-φ CO-O-]m
YSBR Thermoplastic, elastomeric block copolymer from styrene and butadiene
YXSBR Block copolymer from styrene and butadiene containing carboxylic groups
Note: This list is based on the nomenclature proposed by
diverse standardizing organizations, as well as on the acro-
nyms used in technical literature, viz. American Society for
Testing Materials, Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms
Relating to Plastics, ASTM D1418-01a, ASTM D1600-99
and there referenced standards; British Standards, Schedule of
common names and abbreviations for plastics and rubbers, BS
3502-1978; Deutsches Institut für Normung, Plastics, symbols
and codes for polymers and their special characteristics, DIN
7728 Teil 1 01.88; Symbols for reinforced plastics, DIN 7728
Teil 2 03.80; Plastics molding materials DIN 7742 Teil 1
01.88; Molding techniques for molding materials, defi nitions,
DIN 16700 09.67; Association Française de normalisation,
Plastics, vocabulary, T 50-100 08.90; Plastics, symbols,
T 50-050-1, T 50-050-2, T 50-050-3 06.89; International
Organization for Standardization, Plastics - symbols, ISO
1043-1; 1987, ISO 1043-2; 1988, ISO 1043-3; International
Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 18
583 (1969); ibid., 40, 473 (1974).
L.A. Utracki (Ed.), Polymer Blends Handbook, 1215-1322.© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
APPENDIX II
MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS1
(Prepared by S. Krause1 and S. H. Goh2)
1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
2National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
Defi nition of Miscibility
In the following Tables, a rigorous defi nition of miscibility is used. In order to be classifi ed as miscible polymers, there must be some evidence in the literature that the polymers are miscible on a submolecular (segmental) scale. If the polymer mixture contains several phases, the polymers are listed as miscible even if segmental miscibility data exists in only one of these phases, but this is noted under COMMENTS in the Tables. In Tables I-VII, which list miscibility in the amorphous state, for example, a polymer pair will be listed as miscible even if one or both of the polymers forms a single-component crystalline phase in the mixture; a note about the existence of crystallinity, however, is made under COMMENTS. Also, in some cases, there is evidence for miscibility of a polymer with only one microphase in a microphase separated block copolymer; this is also noted. In other cases, literature data indicate miscibility with a known block copolymer, but no data were shown that would indicate whether the mixture still contained the second microphase. In those cases, no comments are made in these Tables, and readers will have to make judgements of their own. Since miscibility on a submolecular or segmental scale includes co-crystallization, some mixtures that have proven co-crystallization behavior are shown in Table VIII.
There is some controversy in the literature about the dimensions of the submolecular scale of segment mixing that indicates true miscibility in the amorphous state of polymers (see Chapter 2 in this Handbook). Followers of one school of thought feel that every segment of polymer A must be surrounded by the numbers of segments of polymers A and B whose fraction is governed by the volume fraction of the two polymers present in that phase. This is the random mixing assumption implicit in the Huggins-Flory theory of polymer solutions and mixtures. These ideas are much too rigorous for real solutions, even solutions of small molecules. It is well known that clustering occurs in real solutions, so that volume elements containing an unexpectedly
1 Tables and some of the written material taken, with permission, from J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, E. A. Grulke, Polymer Handbook, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.
1216 Appendix II
large number of one of the solution components (in solutions of small molecules) or segments of one of the polymers (in polymer mixtures) can and do occur. An interesting case of clustering in solutions of small molecules occurs in water-benzene mixtures containing small amounts of water [Gordon, 1960]. Densities and viscosities of these single-phase solutions indicate that the water molecules almost certainly polymerize by hydrogen bonding into large clusters in these solutions. However, hydrogen bonding is not necessary for cluster formation; the interactions between the same molecules or segments must simply be more favorable than those between unlike molecules or segments. Thus, data gener-ated by some solid state NMR techniques and some fl uorescence techniques that can show the proximity of two polymers over a distance of 1 to 2 nm have often been misinterpreted to show immiscibility in a miscible polymer system. In fact, data showing that a large proportion of the nearest neighbor segments of a particular polymer belong to the same polymer could simply indicate clustering in a homogeneous phase.
Since the Tables of this Appendix II were prepared only from experimental data in the literature, only a few comments about the theoreti-cal treatment of polymer-polymer miscibility will be made here. Krause [1978] has discussed this topic, but only for the case in which each poly-mer is treated as monodisperse, and only in terms of the theories that existed at that time. Polymer samples, however, are all polydisperse, and theoretical treatments involving polydisperse, not monodisperse samples should be used. Fur-thermore, new theoretical treatments, some of which may supplant existing treatments in the future, are being developed at the present time. There is a large and growing body of literature on this subject, well beyond the scope of any state-ments made in this Appendix. Here we simply suggest three books in which the subject of poly-mer solutions and miscibility is treated at some length. Present theoretical treatments involving the miscibility of real, polydisperse (multicompo-nent) polymers in terms of the Huggins-Flory theory have been discussed at length by Kurata
[1982] and Kamide [1990], among others. One of the corresponding states (equation of state) theories of polymer solutions (for monodisperse systems) was discussed by Olabisi et al. [1979]. It is necessary to consider this and other newer theories of polymer solutions because the older Huggins-Flory theory does not allow the predic-tion of lower critical solution temperatures. The corresponding states theories were the fi rst to predict the full range of polymer solution phase diagrams.
Data CollectionAs stated by Krause [1999], the following Tables include the information from Krause [1989], addi-tional information from an incomplete polymer-polymer miscibility database compiled by one of us (SK), and the data from papers (but not patents) published in the English language and listed in “CA Selects - Polymer Blends” through December 1995 as compiled by one of us (SHG). Information on the database has been published in ChemTracts: Macromolecular Chemistry [Krause, 1991]. Note that Table VIII contains less complete information for the earlier years than the other Tables because most of the information in this Table comes from the incomplete database. The inclusion of patents and papers in languages other than English by SHG would have necessitated a great deal more time and additional data compil-ers. It would have been useful if the database had been up to date, but the funding for the database unfortunately ended at the end of 1989. A knowledgeable scientist needs to work full-time on such a database.
Arrangement of the TablesThe following eight Tables are the same as those compiled for the fourth edition of the Polymer Handbook [Krause and Goh, 1999]. Each Table contains a particular polymer mixture only once. The column labeled POLYMER I OF is an alphabetical listing. The column labeled POLYMER II OF is an alphabetical listing of the polymers miscible with the appropriate polymer from the fi rst column. The common names of polymers were used whenever possible;
Miscible Polymer Blends 1217
sometimes the Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC names of polymers also appear. Unfortunately, we could not cross-list the many possible names of the polymers. Thus, it may be necessary to look for a particular polymer under several names in these Tables.
The column labeled METHODS very briefl y indicates the method(s) used by the experimenters to determine miscibility in amorphous phases. A large number of such methods exist, but two of these are most commonly used. One of these involves the determination of glass transition tem-peratures (Tg’s) by methods such as DSC, DTA, dynamic mechanical measurements, dilatometry, or other methods. The observation of a single Tg for the amorphous portion of a polymer mixture, especially if it is intermediate between those of the constituent polymers and varies monotonically between these values as the mixture composition changes, has generally been considered an indica-tion of a miscible polymer pair. This method is diffi cult to use when the Tg’s of the constituent polymers are close together, perhaps within 10 degrees C of each other. Furthermore, the glass transition region of a miscible polymer pair is often broader than that of the unmixed polymers. Some experimenters have interpreted this as an indication of two overlapping glass transition regions, but we have taken the existence of such a broad glass transition region as an indication of miscibility. We feel that a broad glass transi-tion region probably indicates the existence of composition fl uctuations rather than two overlap-ping Tg’s.
The criterion of sample clarity has often been used as an indication of miscibility. This criterion will not work if the constituent polymers have the same refractive index or if they are so immiscible that they form phases so large that they do not scatter light appreciably. Furthermore, semi-crystalline mixtures are always turbid, even if their amorphous phases are completely miscible. In addition, on at least one occasion, a set of polymers was turbid at low temperatures, clear at intermediate temperatures, and turbid again at high temperatures only because their refractive indices became almost identical at the intermedi-
ate temperatures.All single methods, not all them described
here, of determining polymer-polymer miscibility sometimes give ambiguous results. Unless many experimenters have used a variety of methods to determine miscibility, the inferences drawn from the data may be wrong. This is one of the reasons for listing the methods used and the references that describe the experiments, results, and interpretation. Some of the mixtures listed in these Tables, especially when only a single mixture has been reported in a single reference, may turn out to be less miscible than stated. This is especially possible because some of the methods that were used in the original investiga-tions do not necessarily probe miscibility as such. For example, a negative volume change on mixing, that is, a shrinkage on mixing, could possibly be observed if each of the coexisting phases contains both polymers, though in different proportions, and if each of the coexisting phases has a negative volume change on mixing. Also, FTIR methods generally involve the observation of absorption band shifts due to hydrogen bonding between polymers; however, this hydrogen bond-ing could conceivably occur on phase boundaries or within coexisting phases each of which con-tains both polymers, but in different proportions.
The COMMENTS column in the Tables indi-cates compositions of copolymers, whether the samples were semicrystalline, and other relevant data.
The eight Tables are:I. Chemically dissimilar polymer pairs mis-
cible in the amorphous state at room tem-perature. Some of these polymers may be copolymers, but the polymer pairs may not have any monomer units in common. One or both of the polymers may be semicrystalline.
II. Polymer pairs containing one monomer in common (at least one of these must be a copolymer), miscible in the amorphous state at room temperature. One or both of the polymers may be semicrystalline.
III. Chemically dissimilar polymer triads and tetrads miscible in the amorphous state at
1218 Appendix II
room temperature. It seemed reasonable to place mixtures of three or four polymers that were miscible in a separate Table.
IV. Polymer pairs miscible in the amorphous state at room temperature. Molecular weight dependence investigated. These are usu-ally polymer pairs that are miscible when the molecular weights are low and immis-cible as when the molecular weights are increased.
V. Polymer pairs that appear to have high tem-perature miscibility although immiscible at or below room temperature (Upper Critical Solution Temperature [UCST] behavior).
VI. Polymer pairs miscible at room tempera-ture that appear to have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) above room temperature. These polymer pairs are also listed in one of the earlier Tables, usually Table I or II.
VII. Polymer pairs that appear to have both lower and upper critical solution tempera-tures.
VIII. Polymer pairs that co-crystallize and form mixed crystals. These blends are generally composed of polymers with similar sub-units that can substitute for each other in the same unit cells; this is generally called “isomorphous replacement”. This Table is probably incomplete even though co-crystallization is expected to be rare.
References
Gordon, M., Hope, C.S., Loan, L.D., Roe, R.-J. Proc. Roy.
Soc. (London) A258, 215 (1960).
Kamide, K. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions. Phase
Equilibria and Critical Phenomena. Elsevier, Amster-
dam (1990).
Krause, S. in Polymer Blends, Vol. I. D. R. Paul and
S. Newman, Eds., Academic Press. Polymer-Polymer
Compatibility, pp 15-113 (1978).
Krause, S. in Polymer Handbook, Brandrup, J. and Immergut,
E.H., Eds., 3rd Ed., Wiley - Interscience, New York,
(1989).
Krause, S. ChemTracts: Macromolecular Chemistry 2, 367
(1991).
Krause, S., Goh, S.H. in Polymer Handbook, Brandrup, J.,
Immergut, E. H., and Grulke, E.A., Eds. 4th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1999).
Kurata, M. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions, Harwood
Academic, Chur (1982).
Olabisi, O., Robeson, L.M., and Shaw, M.T. Polymer-Polymer
Miscibility Academic Press, New York (1979).
Abbreviations
DSC Differential scanning calorimetryFTIR Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopyIGC Inverse gas chromatographyLS Light scatteringMW Molecular weight (unspecifi ed)Mn Number-average molecular weightMw Weight-average molecular weightNMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopyNRET Nonradiative energy transfer
fl uorospectroscopyPALS Positron annihilation lifetime
spectroscopySAXS Small-angle X-ray scatteringSALS Small-angle light scatteringSANS Small-angle neutron scatteringSEM Scanning electron microscopyTg Glass transition temperatureTm Melting temperatureWAXD Wide-angle X-ray diffraction
Miscible Polymer Blends 1219
Tabl
e I.
C
hem
ical
ly d
issi
mila
r po
lym
er p
airs
mis
cibl
e in
the
amor
phou
s st
ate
at r
oom
tem
pera
ture
Pol
ymer
I o
f P
olym
er I
I of
M
etho
d C
omm
ents
R
efer
ence
s
2-ac
ryla
mid
o-2-
met
hyl-
vi
nylp
yrid
ine
sing
le T
g
II w
as 2
- or
4-v
inyl
pyri
dine
(2
blen
d sy
stem
s);
354
pr
opan
esul
foni
c ac
id
fo
rmed
com
plex
esac
rylic
aci
d ac
ryla
mid
e N
MR
fo
rmed
com
plex
es
1012
acry
lam
ide-
co-N
, fl u
ores
cenc
e st
udy
form
ed c
ompl
exes
; II
had
6.0-
55 m
ol%
acr
ylam
ide
859
N
-dim
ethy
lacr
ylam
ide
capr
olac
tam
(ny
lon
6)
sing
le T
g; W
AX
D
sem
icry
stal
line
1140
N,N
-dim
ethy
lacr
ylam
ide
fl uor
esce
nce
stud
y fo
rmed
com
plex
es
859
ethy
lene
gly
col
sing
le T
g; F
TIR
; NM
R
sem
icry
stal
line
whe
n >
50%
II
374,
772
, 953
,
1115
, 112
8
vi
nyl a
lcoh
ol
FTIR
; Tm
-dep
ress
ion;
NM
R
sem
icry
stal
line
197,
121
1, 1
255,
1
256,
125
7
vi
nylm
ethy
leth
er
sing
le T
g fo
rmed
1:1
com
plex
es
160
N-v
inyl
pyrr
olid
one
NM
R
form
ed c
ompl
exes
11
28ac
rylic
aci
d-co
-eth
ylen
e ca
prol
acta
m (
nylo
n 6)
si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 19
wt%
acr
ylic
aci
d 56
4ac
rylic
aci
d-co
-sty
rene
am
ide
sing
le T
g I
had
20%
acr
ylic
aci
d; I
I w
as n
ylon
6, n
ylon
11
47
1
or n
ylon
12
(3 m
isci
ble
blen
d sy
stem
s)
ca
prol
acto
ne
sing
le T
g I
had
11.4
-20.
8 w
t%
383
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
IG
C
I ha
d 2.
65-2
0 w
t% a
cryl
ic a
cid
72, 1
001
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-4-
sing
le T
g; I
GC
I
had
20 m
ol%
acr
ylic
aci
d 10
01
viny
lpyr
idin
e
et
hyle
ne g
lyco
l si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 21
wt%
acr
ylic
aci
d 38
4
is
obut
yl m
etha
cryl
ate-
co-
sing
le T
g; I
GC
I
had
20 m
ol%
acr
ylic
aci
d 10
01
4-vi
nylp
yrid
ine
met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g I
had
8-20
wt%
acr
ylic
aci
d 72
, 382
, 384
n-pr
opyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 2.
65-8
.84
wt%
acr
ylic
aci
d 70
viny
lmet
hyle
ther
si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 8-
20 w
t% a
cryl
ic a
cid
576
acry
loni
trile
-co-
buta
dien
e ce
llulo
se a
ceta
te-b
utyr
ate
som
e co
mpo
sitio
ns
—
30, 2
49, 4
52, 6
51
appe
ared
hom
ogen
eous
chlo
ropr
ene
sing
le T
g w
hen
I ha
d 18
%
two
phas
es in
ele
ctro
n m
icro
grap
h w
hen
I ha
d 18
%
93, 7
97
acry
loni
trile
; sor
ptio
n of
acry
loni
trile
may
indi
cate
a c
ryst
allin
e ph
ase;
two
so
lven
t vap
ors
to
rsio
nal t
rans
ition
s w
hen
I ha
d 2
8% a
cryl
onitr
ile
ep
ichl
oroh
ydri
n si
ngle
Tg
II h
ad 2
6-54
wt%
acr
ylon
itrile
96
6
ni
troc
ellu
lose
tr
ansp
aren
t fi lm
s w
hen
I ha
d
imm
isci
ble
whe
n I
had
18.4
% a
cryl
onitr
ile
93, 2
96, 3
98,
28
.6-4
4.4%
acr
ylon
itrile
39
9, 4
52
vi
nyl a
ceta
te-c
o-vi
nyl
sing
le lo
ss p
eak
whe
n 40
%
two
loss
pea
ks w
hen
50%
vin
yl a
ceta
te in
II
296,
452
, 539
,
chlo
ride
viny
l ace
tate
in I
I; c
lear
fi lm
s
65
1
for
som
e m
ixtu
res
of
co
mm
erci
al p
olym
ers
1220 Appendix II
Tabl
e I.
C
ontin
ued.
Pol
ymer
I o
f P
olym
er I
I of
M
etho
d C
omm
ents
R
efer
ence
s
vi
nyl c
hlor
ide
sing
le T
g; I
GC
I
had
29-4
5 w
t% a
cryl
onitr
ile
9, 7
9, 8
5, 1
61,
19
6, 4
52, 4
84,
52
0, 5
61, 6
14,
61
5, 6
32, 6
82,
75
5, 7
99, 8
60,
86
7, 8
85, 1
186
viny
l chl
orid
e si
ngle
Tg;
mic
rosc
opy
I w
as h
ydro
gena
ted;
I h
ad 3
8 w
t% a
cryl
onitr
ile
1191
viny
l chl
orid
e, h
ead-
to-h
ead
sing
le T
g I
had
23.5
-56.
6 w
t% a
cryl
onitr
ile
158
acry
loni
trile
-co-
buta
dien
e-co
- et
hyle
ne-a
lt-m
alei
c an
hydr
ide
sing
le T
g; m
icro
scop
y I
was
mad
e fr
om a
cop
olym
er o
f AN
/MA
(75/
25)
11
56
met
hyl a
cryl
ate
gr
afte
d on
to B
D/A
N(7
0/30
) co
poly
mer
acry
loni
trile
-co-
buta
dien
e-co
- pr
opyl
ene-
co-v
inyl
chl
orid
e si
ngle
Tg
I w
as B
lend
ex 7
01; I
I ha
d 3.
2 or
3.8
% p
ropy
lene
; 10
7
styr
ene
el
ectr
on m
icro
grap
hs m
ay in
dica
te tw
o ph
ases
acry
loni
trile
-co-
met
hyl
N,N
-dim
ethy
lacr
ylam
ide
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 70
wt%
acr
ylon
itrile
(A
N)
648
m
etha
cryl
ate
mal
eic
anhy
drid
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
70 w
t% A
N
648
viny
l chl
orid
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
II
had
2-1
7 w
t% A
N
1091
N-v
inyl
pyrr
olid
one
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 70
wt%
AN
64
8ac
rylo
nitr
ile-c
o-m
ethy
l met
ha-
viny
l chl
orid
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 8/
58/3
4 or
32.
3/8.
1/59
.6//a
cryl
onitr
ile/
93, 1
078
cr
ylat
e-co
-α-m
ethy
lsty
rene
met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate/
α-m
ethy
lsty
rene
acry
loni
trile
-co-
α-m
ethy
lsty
rene
al
kyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 30
wt%
acr
ylon
itrile
(A
N);
II
had
an a
lkyl
26
6, 2
68, 2
79
grou
p of
ace
tony
l, ch
loro
met
hyl,
2-ch
loro
ethy
l,
2-hy
drox
yeth
yl, 2
-hyd
roxy
prop
yl, m
ethy
oxym
ethy
l,
met
hylth
iom
ethy
l or
tetr
ahyd
rofu
rfur
yl
(8
mis
cibl
e bl
end
syst
ems)
n-bu
tyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g I
had
12 w
t% A
N
152
n-bu
tyl m
etha
cryl
ate-
co-
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 30
wt%
AN
; II
had
70 w
t% m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e 28
9
met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 10
-28
wt%
AN
15
2, 2
77
et
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate-
co-m
ethy
l si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
30 w
t% A
N; I
I ha
d 30
or
60 w
t%
287
m
etha
cryl
ate
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e
et
hyle
ne, c
hlor
inat
ed
sing
le T
g de
pend
ed o
n A
N a
nd C
l con
tent
s 15
4
m
alei
c an
hydr
ide-
co-s
tyre
ne
sing
le T
g re
gion
of
mis
cibi
lity
was
sen
sitiv
e to
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t 10
11
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 10
-37
wt%
AN
; I h
ad 3
0 w
t% A
N a
nd I
I w
as
152,
277
, 101
0
atac
tic o
r is
otac
tic (
ref.
277
); I
had
6.5
-30
wt%
AN
(ref
. 101
0)
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-2,2
,6,6
- si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
30 w
t% A
N; I
I ha
d 7
6.2
wt%
27
2, 2
74
tetr
amet
hyl-
pipe
ridi
nyl
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e
met
hacr
ylat
e
n-
prop
yl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g I
had
17-2
0 w
t% A
N
152
Miscible Polymer Blends 1221
Tabl
e I.
C
ontin
ued.
Pol
ymer
I o
f P
olym
er I
I of
M
etho
d C
omm
ents
R
efer
ence
s
viny
l chl
orid
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 30
wt%
AN
; mis
cibl
e w
hen
mel
t ble
nded
43
5, 6
84, 1
010
or
cas
t fro
m m
ethy
l eth
yl k
eton
e; im
mis
cibl
e
whe
n ca
st f
rom
tetr
ahyd
rofu
ran;
I ha
d 11
.9-3
0 w
t% A
N (
ref.
101
0)ac
rylo
nitr
ile-c
o-p-
met
hyls
tyre
ne
acet
onyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
43-6
1 w
t% A
N
118
2-br
omoe
thyl
met
hacr
yala
te
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 14
-61
wt%
AN
60
8
n-
buty
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
13.6
wt%
AN
28
5
2-
chlo
roet
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 18
.3-4
6 w
t% A
N
613
chlo
rom
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
13-4
2 w
t% A
N
263
cycl
ohex
yl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 2
2 w
t% A
N
120
2,6-
dim
ethy
l-1,
4-ph
enyl
ene
ethe
r si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
5.0
wt%
AN
27
5
et
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 12
-33
wt%
AN
28
5
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
12-3
4 w
t% A
N
285
met
hylth
iom
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
19-3
4 w
t% A
N
269
n-pr
opyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
6-28
wt%
AN
28
5
te
trah
ydro
furf
uryl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
12-4
8 w
t% A
N
286
tetr
ahyd
ropy
rany
l-2-
met
hyl
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 5-
29 w
t% A
N
119
m
etha
cryl
ate
acry
loni
trile
-co-
styr
ene
acet
onyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
33-5
8 w
t% A
N
121
aryl
ate
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y th
e gr
eate
st w
hen
AN
= 2
5%
7
ar
ylat
e of
tetr
abro
mob
is-
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
1048
ph
enol
-A-c
o-ar
ylat
e of
tetr
amet
hylb
isph
enol
-A
ar
ylat
e of
tetr
amet
hylb
isph
enol
-A
sing
le T
g I
had
4-13
wt%
AN
10
48
be
nzyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 7.
8-24
.3 w
t% A
N
1180
2-br
omoe
thyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
10-5
8 w
t% A
N
608
buty
lene
adi
pate
si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 13
-32.
3 w
t% A
N
228
buty
lene
seb
acat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 13
-20
wt%
AN
22
8
n-
buty
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-met
hyl
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 22
wt%
AN
; II
had
70 w
t% m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e 28
9, 4
05
met
hacr
ylat
e
t-
buty
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-met
hyl
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
621
m
etha
cryl
ate
capr
olac
tone
si
ngle
Tg;
FT
IR;
I ha
d 13
-30
wt%
AN
22
8, 2
95, 4
58,
m
icro
scop
y; L
S
565,
729
, 102
1,
10
47, 1
097,
1145
, 118
3
ca
rbon
ate
of b
isph
enol
-A-c
o-
sing
le T
g I
had
18
wt%
acr
ylon
itrile
; II
had
22
wt%
43
1
carb
onat
e of
bisp
heno
l-A
te
tram
ethy
lbis
phen
ol-A
2-ch
loro
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
12.5
-43
wt%
AN
61
3
1222 Appendix II
Tabl
e I.
C
ontin
ued.
Pol
ymer
I o
f P
olym
er I
I of
M
etho
d C
omm
ents
R
efer
ence
s
chlo
rom
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
12-3
7 w
t% A
N
262
cycl
ohex
yl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 2
0 w
t% A
N
119
cycl
ohex
yl m
etha
cryl
ate-
co-
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
621
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e
2,
6-di
met
hyl-
1,4-
phen
ylen
e et
her
sing
le T
g I
had
10.
5 w
t% A
N
457,
102
2
2,
6-di
met
hyl-
1,4-
phen
ylen
e et
her,
sin
gle
Tg
I ha
d 18
mol
% A
N; I
I ha
d 35
or
86%
ben
zoyl
ated
uni
ts
776
be
nzoy
late
d
et
hyle
ne a
dipa
te
sing
le T
g I
had
25-2
8 w
t% A
N
228
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
5.5-
28.0
wt%
AN
(re
f. 2
29);
I h
ad 9
-34
wt%
11
2, 2
29, 4
89
AN
(re
f. 1
12)
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-met
hyl
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 22
wt%
AN
; II
had
30 o
r 50
wt%
met
hyl
288
m
etha
cryl
ate
m
etha
cryl
ate
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-2,2
,6,6
- si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
30 w
t% A
N; I
I ha
d 13
.3 w
t% 2
,2,6
,6-
274
te
tram
ethy
l-pi
peri
diny
l met
hacr
ylat
e
tetr
amet
hyl-
pipe
ridi
nyl m
etha
cryl
ate
ethy
loxa
zolin
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
25-4
0 w
t% A
N; t
wo
Tg’
s w
hen
I ha
d 8,
23.
5
426,
652
or
70%
AN
hexa
met
hyle
ne s
ebac
ate
sing
le T
g I
had
16.2
wt%
AN
22
8
2-
hydr
oxye
thyl
met
hacr
ylat
e tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 22
wt%
AN
27
7
2-
hydr
oxyp
ropy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
22 w
t% A
N
279
itaco
nic
anhy
drid
e-co
-met
hyl
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
920
m
etha
cryl
ate
met
hoxy
met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g; tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 30
wt%
AN
26
9
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e tr
ansp
aren
cy
I ha
d 9.
4-34
.4 w
t% A
N (
ref.
789
); I
had
9.5
-28
wt%
56
, 164
, 229
,
AN
(re
f. 2
29);
I h
ad 9
-39
wt%
AN
(re
f. 1
64)
39
2, 5
66, 5
98,
65
1, 6
70, 7
41,
78
2, 7
89
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
-N-
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
169
ph
enyl
itaco
nim
ide
met
hyl m
etha
cryl
ate-
co-
sing
le T
g m
isci
bilit
y de
pend
ed o
n co
mpo
sitio
ns o
f I
and
II
621
ph
enyl
met
hacr
ylat
e
m
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e-co
- si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
22 o
r 30
wt%
AN
; II
had
31.
4 w
t% 2
,2,6
,6-
272,
274
2,
2,6,
6-te
tram
ethy
l-
te
tram
ethy
l-pi
peri
diny
l met
hacr
ylat
e
pipe
ridi
nyl m
etha
cryl
ate
met
hylth
iom
ethy
l met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
9-36
wt%
AN
26
7
N
ovol
ac
sing
le T
g I
had
25 w
t% A
N; I
I w
as f
orm
alde
hyde
+
221
13
/17/
70 m
ol%
p-t
-but
ylph
enol
/m-c
reso
l/o-c
reso
l
ox
y-1,
4-ph
enyl
ene-
sulf
onyl
-1,4
- m
odul
us-t
empe
ratu
re
I ha
d 13
-16%
AN
68
5
phen
ylen
e ox
y-2,
6-di
isop
ropy
l-
1,4-
phen
ylen
e is
opro
pylid
ene
3,
5-di
isop
ropy
l-1,
4-ph
enyl
ene
Miscible Polymer Blends 1223
Tabl
e I.
C
ontin
ued.
Pol
ymer
I o
f P
olym
er I
I of
M
etho
d C
omm
ents
R
efer
ence
s
phen
yl a
cryl
ate
sing
le T
g I
had
14.6
-34.
1 w
t% A
N (
ref.
717
) or
11.
5-32
wt%
71
7, 1
171,
118
0
AN
(re
f. 1
171)
n-pr
opyl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d 5.
7-19
.5 w
t% A
N (
ref.
229
) or
9-2
4 w
t% A
N
229,
109
0
(ref
. 109
0)
te
trah
ydro
furf
uryl
met
hacr
ylat
e si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
9-48
wt%
AN
28
1, 2
86
te
trah
ydro
pyra
nyl-
2-m
ethy
l si
ngle
Tg;
tran
spar
ency
I
had
31
wt%
AN
11
6
met
hacr
ylat
e
vi
nyl c
hlor
ide
sing
le T
g I
had
11.5
-26
wt%
AN
43
7ac
rylo
nitr
ile-c
o-vi
nylid
ene
ca
prol
acto
ne
sing
le T
g I
was
usu
ally
Sar
an F
(80
% v
inyl
iden
e ch
lori
de);
31
, 825
, 887
ch
lori
de
se
mic
ryst
allin
e w
hen
70
wt%
I
he
xam
ethy
lene
tere
phth
alat
e si
ngle
Tg
prob
ably
sem
icry
stal
line;
36
I
was
Sar
an F
(80
% v
inyl
iden
e ch
lori
de)
ally
l alc
ohol
-co-
styr
ene
este
r si
ngle
Tg
I ha
d M
w =
1.4
-2.1
kg/
mol
and
had
1.3
-7.7
wt%
46
, 869
O
H g
roup
s; I
I w
as b
utyl
ene
adip
ate,
but
ylen
e
seba
cate
, cap
rola
cton
e, 1
,4-c
yclo
hexa
ne d
imet
hyle
ne
su
ccin
ate,
dec
amet
hyle
ne s
ebac
ate,
2,2-
dim
ethy
l-1,
3-pr
opyl
ene
adip
ate
or h
exam
ethy
lene
seba
cate
(7
blen
d sy
stem
s); h
igh
OH
con
tent
of
I
favo
red
mis
cibi
lity
amic
aci
d 3,
3’-d
iam
ino-
4,4’
-ben
zidi
ne
tran
spar
ency
; FT
IR
I w
as P
AR
C-T
PI
1071
is
opht
hala
mid
e
ph