INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONCEPT

Teknik Kendaraan RinganSemester 1nd Class X

Dasar Kompetensi KejuruanSK-KD 1TH

DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

Classification of Engines

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

•External vs Internal Combustion•Spark Ignition SI or Compression Ignition CI•Configuration•Valve Location•2 Stroke or 4 Stroke

Engine Configurations

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

In Line(Automobile)

Radial (Aircraft)

V(Automobile)

Horizontally Opposed (Subaru)

Opposed Piston (crankshafts geared

together)

History of IC Engines

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

1860 Lenoir’s engine (a converted steam engine) combusted natural gas in a double acting piston, using electric ignition

1876Nikolaus Otto patented the 4 cycle engine, it used gaseous fuel

1882 Gottlieb Daimler, an engineer for Daimler, left to work on his own engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was the first engine to be produced in quantities. Used liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was named “Mercedes” after the daughter of his major distributor

1893 Rudolf Diesel built successful CI engine which was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of any other engine of its time)

Complementary Technologies

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

1. Pneumatic tires (1888, Dunlop)

2. Cheap liquid fuels (Oil industry born in PA 1859)

3. Venturi effect carburetor (1892, Willi Maybach)

4. Variable mechanical transmission (primitive type by Levassor, 1891)

5. Electric starter (Kettering 1912)

Parts of an IC Engine

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Oil Pan

Crank Shaft

Cylinder Block

Piston

Cylinder Head

Cylinder Head Cover

Cam Shaft

Conecting Rod

4 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

4 Stroke Engine:Every 2x rotation of crank shaft or 4x movement of piston yields 1x Power

4 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Intake StrokeIntake valve opens, admitting fuel and air.Exhaust valve closed for most of stroke

4 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Compression StrokeBoth valves closed,Fuel/air mixture is compressed by rising piston. Spark ignitesmixture near end ofstroke.

4 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Power StrokeFuel-air mixture burns,increasing temperature

and pressure, expansionof combustion gases

drives piston down. Bothvalves closed - exhaust valve opens near end

of stroke

4 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Exhaust StrokeExhaust valve open,exhaust products aredisplaced from cylinder.Intake valve opens near end of stroke.

2 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

2 Cycle Engine: Every 1x rotation of crank shaft or 2x movement of piston yields 1x Power

2 Cycle Process

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

Compression Stroke and Intake Stroke

Power Stroke and Exhause Stroke

Rotary “Wankel” Engine

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

16 Teknologi dan Rekayasa

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Briggs and Stratton

TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor

Thanks very much

Presented by Aloysius SudibyoSMK Negeri 1 Magelang

Source: Toyota and Briggs and Stratton