Internal combustion engine

I.C Engines

www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION

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Introduction

• An internal combustion engine is a heat engine which converts the heat energy released by combustion of fuel taking place inside the engine into mechanical work.

Heat energy

Mechanical work

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Classification

• According to type of fuel used.– Petrol engine.– Diesel engine.– Gas engine.– Bi-fuel engine.

• According to number of strokes per cycle.– 4 – stroke engines.– 2 – stroke engines.

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Classification• According to method of ignition.

– Spark ignition. – Compression ignition.

• According to the cycle of combustion.– Otto cycle.– Diesel cycle. – Duel combustion.

• According to the number of cylinders.– Single cylinder.– Multi cylinder.

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Classification

• According to the arrangement of cylinders– Vertical engine.– Horizontal.– Inline engine.– Radial engine.– V- engine.

• According to method of cooling– Air cooled engine.– Water cooled engine.

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Parts of I.C Engine

• Cylinder• Piston• Piston rings• Connecting rod• Crank and

crankshaft• Valves• Flywheel• Crankcase

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1. Cylinder – Part of the engine

where fuel is burnt and power is developed.

– Inside diameter is called as bore.

– Sleeve is fitted tightly in the cylinder to prevent wearing of block.

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2. Piston– Close fitting

hollow – cylinder moving to and fro in the cylinder.

– Function – power developed by the combustion of fuel is transmitted by piston to the crank-shaft through the connecting rod.

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3. Piston rings– Metallic rings

inserted into groves provided at top end of the piston.

– Function – it maintains a gas-tight joint between the piston and the cylinder.

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4. Connecting rod– Link that connects

the piston and crankshaft by means of pin joint.

– Function – it converts the rectilinear motion of the piston into rotary motion of crankshaft.

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5. Crank and crankshaft– Crank is a lever that is

connects crankshaft and connecting rod.

– Crankshaft is a shaft which transmits power from engine to wheels.

6. Valves– These are devices

which control the flow of intake and exhaust gases.

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7. Fly wheel– Mounted on crankshaft to maintain uniform rotation of crankshaft.– Restores the energy to the piston.

8. Crankcase– Enclosure for crankshaft and sump for lubricating oil.

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Four stroke petrol engine

• Four stroke petrol engine consists of – Cylinder– Cover– Mechanically operated

valves– Spark plug– Connecting rod and

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• Suction stroke• Compression stroke• Power stroke• Exhaust stroke

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Suction stroke

•Inlet is open exhaust is closed.•Piston moves from TDC to BDC.•Crankshaft revolves half the rotation.•Cranking •Petrol air mixture drawn into cylinder due to pressure difference.

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Compression stroke

•Both inlet and exhaust are closed.•Piston moves from BDC to TDC.•Crankshaft revolves half the rotation.•Cranking •Petrol air mixture is compressed to a ratio of 1:11.•This mixture is ignited by spark plug.

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er stroke

•Piston moves from TDC to BDC.•Crankshaft revolves half the rotation. burnt gases generate energy and force the piston to move down.

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Exhaust stroke

exhaust is open and inlet is closed.Piston moves from BDC to TDC.crankshaft revolves half the rotation.energy for this stroke is supplied by flywheel.Burnt gases are expelled out through outlet port.

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FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

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Suction stroke

• Inlet is open exhaust is closed.• Piston moves from TDC to BDC and crankshaft

revolves half the revolution.• Cranking during first cycle.• Due to the pressure difference air enters the

cylinder through air filter.www.bookspar.com | Website for

Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS

Compression stroke

• Inlet and exhaust are closed.• Piston moves from BDC to TDC.• Cranking required in first cycle.• Air will be compressed to a ratio of 1:20.• Diesel oil is sprayed into cylinder by injector and

auto-ignition takes place.www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION

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Power stroke

• Piston moves from TDC to BDC.• Inlet and exhaust valves are closed.• burnt gases generate energy and force the piston

to move down till injection of fuel is complete.

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Exhaust stroke• exhaust is open and inlet is

closed.• Piston moves from BDC to

TDC.• crankshaft revolves half the

rotation.• energy for this stroke is

supplied by flywheel.• Burnt gases are expelled

out through outlet port.

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Internal combustion engine

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