Transcript of Intermediate level REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone said. However, we do not repeat all...
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- Intermediate level
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- REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone said. However, we
do not repeat all the words exactly. REAL WORDS (direct speech):
Tom said: We are going to the cinema this afternoon. REPORTED
SPEECH: Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.
When do we use it?
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- Types of changes: 1. Verb Tenses 2. Time and place adverbial
expressions 3. Logical change of pronouns EXAMPLE DIRECT: Mary
said: They are seeing me tomorrow REPORTED: Mary said that they
were seeing her the following day Changes
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- PRESENT We study We are studying PAST She said that they
studied She said that they were studying Verb tenses PAST We
studied We were studying FUTURE We will study PAST PERFECT She said
that they had studied She said that they had been studying
CONDITIONAL She said that they would study REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT
SPEECH
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- TENSEDIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE I play tennis
with my friends She said that she played tennis with her friends
PRESENT CONTINUOUS I am playing tennis with my friends She said
that she was playing tennis with her friends PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
I have played tennis with my friends She said that she had played
tennis with her friends PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I have been
playing tennis with my friends She said that she had been playing
tennis with her friends PAST SIMPLE I played tennis with my friends
She said that she had played tennis with her friends PAST
CONTINUOUS I were playing tennis with my friends She said that she
had been playing tennis with her friends PAST PERFECT SIMPLE I had
played tennis with my friends She said that she had played tennis
with her friends PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS I had been playing tennis
with my friends She said that she had been playing tennis with her
friends FUTURE SIMPLE I will play tennis with my friends She said
that they would play tennis with her friends List of verb
changes
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- DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH CANCOULD MAYMIGHT MUST / HAVE
TOMUST / HAD TO WILLWOULD Changes in modal verbs
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- DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH Now Then Today That day Tonight
That night Yesterday The previous day / the day before Last week
The previous week / the week before An hour ago The previous hour /
an hour before/earlier Tomorrow The following day / the day after /
the next day Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______
after Here There This These That Those Time and place adverbs
changes
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- In reported speech, we usually need to change the pronouns
(e.g. I, you, me, this, these, etc.) and possessive adjectives
(e.g. my, your, etc.). However, we do not need to change the 1 st
person pronoun I when the speaker is reporting his/her own words. 1
st person (I, me) 2 nd person (you, your) 3 rd person (we, us)
Changes of pronouns We usually change the pronouns from :
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- Pay attention to the changes mentioned before. That can be
omitted with TELL and SAY: She told him that he was a fool. She
told him he was a fool. She said that I was right She said I was
right Remember not to use inverted commas. Notice that when you use
TELL, you must mention the person youre speaking to , but not with
SAY. John said: Ann, Im very happy. John told Ann that he was very
happy. Reported statements
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- Reported questions In REPORTED QUESTIONS we do not have a
question structure, now we have a statement. Suject + verb +
complements Paul asked: Are you coming to the party tonight, Jane?
Paul asked Jane if she was coming to the party that night. Types of
questions: 1. YES/NO QUESTIONS 1. YES/NO QUESTIONS: IF / WHETHER +
SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS Paul asked : " Do you play volleyball?"
Paul asked me whether (or if) I played volleyball. 2. WH- QUESTION
2. WH- QUESTION : WH- + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS John asked: "
When do you play badminton?" John asked me when I played
badminton.
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- Basic introductory verb: TELL The IMPERATIVE verbal form turns
into TO + INFINITIVE (Affirmative) NOT + TO + INFINITIVE (Negative)
Examples: Come here He told me He told me to go there Father: "Do
your homework! My father told me to do my homework. Teacher: "Don't
talk to your mate!" The teacher told me not to talk to my mate.
Reported commands
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- Dont eat too much sweet. The dentist asked Joe not to eat too
much sweet. not + to-infinitive
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- ORDER (ordenar) Get out of the car!, said the policeman. The
policeman ordered him to get out of the car. ASK (Pedir) Could you
please be quiet?, she said. She asked me to be quiet. OFFER
(Ofrecer) Can I help you?, she said. She offered to help me. WARN
(advertir) The man with the gun said to us, Don't move! The man
with the gun warned us not to move. We can also use: INVITE
(Invitar), BEG (Suplicar), FORBID (Prohibir) REMIND (Recordar)
ADVISE (Aconsejar) Other verbs used in Imperative
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- Can you tell me how to read the word, John? The girl asked John
to tell her how to read the word. Notice: The change of pronouns
reporting verb + object+ to-infinitive
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- Amy, I think you should do your homework. Mother advised Amy to
do her homework.
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- We use a that-clause introduced by suggest. 'That' y 'should'
are optional in these cases: She said: "Why don't you get a
mechanic to look at the car?" She suggested that I should get a
mechanic to look at the car. She suggested I get a mechanic to look
at the car. Other verbs we can use: Insist "Itd be a good idea to
see the dentist", said my mother. My mother insisted that I see the
dentist Recommend The dentist said, "I think you should use a
different toothbrush". The dentist recommended that I should use a
different toothbrush. Suggestions
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- Notes: Suggest can be followed by V-ing when another subject is
not mentioned: I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist. The
verbal tense in the second sentences is infinitive. It'd be a good
idea for her to be there with him, said my father. My father
suggested she be there with him. Suggestions
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- In these cases we would use a reporting verb related to the
meaning, followed by that-clause o to-infinitive : "I'll pay you
the money tomorrow. He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day. Other
verbs that follow this structure: Hope (Tener esperanza) "We should
arrive in London before nightfall. They hoped to arrive in London
before nightfall. They hoped they would arrive in London before
nightfall. Threaten (Amenazar) "Give me the keys to the safe or
I'll shoot you! He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the
keys to the safe. He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't
give him the keys to the safe. Swear (Jurar) "I swear it! I'll be
back by lunchtime. He sweared to be back by lunchtime. He sweared
that he would be back by lunchtime. Hope, intention, promise
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- Ill work harder He promised to work harder.
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- IF / WHETHER + sentence THAT + sentence or infinitive THAT+
sentence or should Object + infinitive ASK REMEMBER SAY ANSWER
BOAST COMPLAIN DENY REPLY SAY SUGGEST TELL WARN CLAIM PROMISE
THREATEN ADVISE BEG DEMAND RECOMMEND SUGGEST ADVISE ASK BEG INVITE
ORDER SHOUT WARN Suggestions
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- Ill work out the problem in two minutes. What did Joan promise?
Joan promised to work out the problem in two minutes.
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- Andrew is working. He said Andrew was working.
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- Ill sign the contract. What did the man agree? He agreed to
sign the contract.
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- When did you start working, Tom? She asked Tom when he had
started working.
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- Let me teach you. What did Jackie say? Jacky offered to teach
the children / them.
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- My money had run out. He said his money had run out.
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- Please, pass me the bandage, David. What did the doctor say?
The doctor asked David to pass him the bandage.
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- Has the taxi arrived yet? She asked if the taxi had already
arrived.
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- Mr Chan, you shouldnt smoke again. What did the doctor advise
Mr Chan? The doctor advised Mr Chan not to smoke again.
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- Susan, Ive already fixed the shelves. He told Susan he had
already fixed the shelves.
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- Tim, dont shoot the balloons. What did Susan say? She asked Tim
to get her down. Please get me down, Tim She asked Tim not to shoot
the balloons. She asked Tim to get her down and not to shoot the
balloons.
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- My brother will travel to Paris tomorrow. He said his brother
would travel to Paris the following day.
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- Dont be afraid. What did the vet say? He asked the dog not to
be afraid. Dont move. He asked the dog not to move He asked the dog
not to be afraid and move.
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- Intermediate level Aennar, 2015