Post on 30-Apr-2015
description
Intelligence
Professor Professor Tarek A. Okasha A. Okasha(الذكاء)
Professor of r of Psychiatry
Okasha Institute of Psychiatry
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
Secretary for Scientific Meetings
World Psychiatric Association
Definition
Intelligence:Is the general ability to solve intellectual problems on the basis of past learning and present grasp of essentials
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)الذكاء معدل
Mental Age
________________________ X 100
Chronological Age
Growth of Intelligence نموالذكاءIncreases steadily and progressively to age of 13 or 15 then more slowly to the age of 16 or 18
Constancy Intelligence الذكاء ثباتIQ is constant with fluctuations of 5–10 points
Intelligence between Environment and HeredityEnvironment can enrich IQ up to 20-30 points
Distribution of Intelligence
Genius Over 140
Superior IQ 120 - 140
Above average IQ 110 - 120
Average IQ 90 - 110
Below average IQ 80 - 90
Borderline IQ 70 - 80
Distribution of Intelligence
60% of the population 90 -110
15% of the population 110 -120
15% of the population 80 -90
5% of the population > 120
5% of the population < 80
100 110 1209080
Average Intelligence
Above AverageBelow
Average
Superior IQBorderline
IQ
MR Genius
60%15%5% 15% 5%
70 140
Composition of Intelligence
1. Verbal comprehension
2. Word fluency
3. Numbers
4. Perceptual
5. Reasoning
6. Rote memory
7. Spatial comprehension
Intelligence tests
For children1. Stanford Binet Scale (2-18 years)2. Wechsler Pre-school intelligence
scale (up to 5 years)3. Wechsler Intelligence scale for
children (5-15 years)4. The coloured progressive matrices5. Goodenough draw a man test6. Portus Mazes
Intelligence tests
For adults1. Wechsler adult intelligence scale
(WAIS) (16-64 years)
2. Progressive Matrices
3. Primary mental abilities
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
A) Verbal scales (6 categories)1. Information
2. Comprehension
3. Arithmetic
4. Similarities
5. Digit span
6. Vocabulary
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
B) Performance scales (5 categories)*1. Digit symbol2. Picture completion3. Block design4. Picture arrangement5. Object assembly
*scored for speed and accuracy
Group differences in intelligence
Men Vs Women
Black Vs White Vs Yellow
City Vs Village children
Occupation of the father
Uses of Intelligence tests
Educational purposes
Vocational guidance
Level of intellectual deterioration
Intellectual improvement
Social and intellectual harmony between spouses
Reliability الثباتConsistency of measurement.
(test gives similar results with same person at different times)
Validity الصدق Positive correlation of the test with its purpose.
(actually measures what is needed to be measured)
Mental Retardation“Generalized Learning Disability”
Represents nearly 5% of the population
Mortality rate is high
Many co-morbid physical illnesses
Better called “Generalized Learning Disability”
Mental Retardation“Generalized Learning Disability”
Type % IQ Prognosis
Idiot
المعتوه5 Below 25 Non educable
Non trainable
Imbecile
األبله20 25 - 50 Trainable
Moran
األهوك70 50 - 80 Trainable
Educable
Borderline
بينى البين5 80 - 90 Life in simple
environment
Mental Retardation“Generalized Learning Disability”
Type % IQ
Profound MR 5 Below 20
Severe MR 20 20 - 34
Moderate MR 20 35 - 49
Mild MR 50 50 - 69
Borderline 5 80 - 90
IQ and school success
IQ and occupation
Role of Compensatory education?
Is National Intelligence Declining?
Abilities القدرات Achievement االنجاز The actual ability and can be measured directly by the use of tests
Aptitude القدرةThe predictable ability and can be measured by specially devised tests.
Capacity االستعداد The potential ability and can be known indirectly from the unequal achievement of individuals who have equal intensive experience and training.
Abilities القدراتIdiot Savants (Talented idiots)
Arithmetical prodigies
Reading disability (dyslexia)
Divergent ThinkingFluency
Mental shift
Emotional Quotient (EQ)
العاطفي الذكاء