Intelligence

Lecture 11Chapter 10

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What is Intelligence?

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General Intelligence

Charles Spearman (1863-1945) who helped develop the factor analysis

approach in statistics.

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Multiple types of Intelligence Theories

Howard Gardner (1983, 1999)Evidence: savants and brain injury

patients

People with savant syndrome excel in abilitiesunrelated to general intelligence.

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Another theory of multiple intelligences: Robert Sternberg

1. Analytical Intelligence2. Creative Intelligence3. Practical Intelligence

Does creativity correlate with intelligence?

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Components of Creativity1. Expertise2. Imaginative Thinking3. A Venturesome Personality4. Intrinsic Motivation5. A Creative Environment

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Emotional Intelligence: Components

Component Description

Perceive emotion Recognize emotions in faces, music and stories

Understand emotion

Predict emotions, how they change and blend

Manage emotion Express emotions in different situations

Use emotion Utilize emotions to adapt or be creative

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Assessing Intelligence

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Alfred Binet

What was the goal of his test?

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Lewis TermanStanford-Binet TestIntelligence QuotientHow did the purpose and use of the test change?

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David Wechsler

•Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) •Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

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Principles of Test Construction

For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill the following three criteria:

1. Standardization

2. Reliability3. Validity

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Standardization: Normal Curve

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Reliability

1. Split-half Reliability: Dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are.

2. Test-Retest Reliability: Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency.

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Validity

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Extremes of Intelligence

A valid intelligence test divides two groups of people into two extremes: the mentally retarded (IQ 70) and individuals with high

intelligence (IQ 135). These two groups are significantly different.

How should the education system use intelligence test scores?