Integration of Electric Vehicles in Extreme Suburban Grids with the Support of Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems Jonas Wussow, E-Mobility Power System Integration Symposium, 14.10.2019, Dublin

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 2

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 3

Introduction

2040 55 % new vehicle registrations 550 million EV

(33 % of global fleet)

Change in „refuel“ Charging at home Wallbox with charging power

up to 11/22 kW Hotspots with high number

of EV possible

Ramp-up of Electromobility

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 4

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 5

Challenges in Residentials Areas Changes at Household Sector

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00

Uhrzeit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Leis

tung

in k

W

Haushalt Elektrofahrzeug PV-Anlagen Auslastung Netzanschlusspunkt

Conventional Household

Consumer

Producer

Storage

Household Electric Vehicle PV System Load on Grid Connection Point

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 6

Challenges in Residentials Areas Investigated Grid and Scenarios

MV

/LV

(630 kVA)

MV grid

Remaining grid 75 households in 4 strings and 1 single household

Critical S

tring

~ ~

1 2

69

EV-Modell Realistic Charging Behaviour No Provision of Reactive Power by EV No Charging Delaying or Power Reduction

Further conditions Synthetic Household Profiles Voltage at Slack Bus: 1, 1.02 and 1.04 p.u. Consideration of Voltage Drop in MV grid

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 7

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 8

Impact of Charging Processes 26 EVs without Measures possible

12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00

Hour of Day

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

Vol

tage

in p

.u.

Voltage at slack bus

in p.u.

Minimum voltage at the end of the critical string in p.u.

Number of simultaneous charging processes*

0 4 8 1.00 0.910 0.876 0.852 1.02 0.924 0.900 0.882 1.04 0.952 0.922 0.906

*18 additional simultaneous charging processes in remaining grid

Limits according to EN 50160 are not exceeded

Without EV

With EV

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 9

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 10

PV-Storage Systems as Approach Many Points in Time without Using the Storage

Power

Reactive Power

Capacity assumed to be 8 kWh

Non-Use especially in winter and on bad weather days Use of reactive power so far very low Charging: cos φ=1, Discharging: cos φ=0.9/0.95

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 11

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 12

Advanced Reactive Power Supply Further EV possible at STATCOM

𝑈 in p.u.

0.93 0.97

1.03 1.07

𝑄

𝑄max

-𝑄max

𝑃

𝑄

𝑆

cos 𝜑 = 0,9/0,95

𝑃n

-𝑃n

𝑃

𝑄

𝑆𝑃n

-𝑃n

Q(V)-Characteristic

Provision of Reactive Power

according to demand

Operating Points Q(V) control

No Improvements:

P = 0 => Q = 0 No further EV

Operating Points STATCOM Mode

Reactive Power can always be

provided (Phase Shifter)

26 EV => 38 EV

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 13

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 14

Multiple-Use of Storage Charging Storage from Grid enables a high Number of EV

12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00

Hour of Day

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

Vol

tage

in p

.u.

Normal Operation Multiple-Use

Green-dotted: Eight EV Blue: 16 EV (both Critical String) A total of 65 EV possible in the Grid

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 15

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 16

Losses Incentives necessary for Storage Charging from the Grid

92 % 92 %

85 %

STATCOM 0.22 kWh (Charging Process at end of critical string) Multiple-Use 0.05 kWh (Charging Process at end of critical string) (Provision Reactive Power)

1 kWh 1.18 kWh

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 17

Agenda

Introduction Challenges in Residentials Areas Impact of Charging Processes PV-Storage Systems as Approach Advanced Reactive Power Supply Multiple-Use of Storage Losses Conclusion

14.10.2019 | Jonas Wussow | Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems | Page 18

Conclusion

Without Measures STATCOM Mode STATCOM Mode

and Multiple-Use

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sim

ulta

neou

s ch

argi

ng p

roce

sses

+48 %

+150 %

Extreme Suburban Grid was investigated Penetration of 18 % possible without Measures Extended Functionality of PV Storage Systems are necessary Penetration can be increased

o STATCOM Mode: 26 % o STATCOM Mode and

Multiple-Use: 45 % Losses for Provision of Reactive Power

very low Incentives are necessary for Multiple-Use Grid expansion can be prevented

Thank you for your attention!

Jonas Wussow, TU Braunschweig - elenia Phone: +49 531 / 391 – 7707, Mail: J.Wussow@TU-BS.de