Transcript of Instrumental Assessment SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko.
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- Instrumental Assessment SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Ways to Assess the Utility of Instrumentation Does it help
detect the existence of a voice problem? Can it help establish the
severity of progression of a voice problem? Can it help
differentially diagnose a voice problem? Can it be used as a
treatment tool, in the form of biofeedback, behavioral modification
or patient education? SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Selected Instrumental Techniques Acoustic Analysis Aerodynamic
Analysis Laryngeal Imaging SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Acoustic Analysis of Voice SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders:
Tasko
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- Recording Considerations Equipment Microphone and preamplifier
setup Handheld, headset, dynamic mic, condenser mic Device onto
which signal is recorded Computer, dedicated recording device
Optimizing Recording Microphone Position Recording levels
Digital-to-audio conversion settings SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders:
Tasko
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Analysis Considerations Real-time
analysis Examples Sound level meter Visi-pitch Real-time
spectrograms Off-line analysis (analysis after data is collected)
Examples Computerized speech Lab (CSL), MDVP Cspeech (tf32) Praat
Speech Tool
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- Voice Signal Typing Type I Quasiperiodic, continuous signal
Single cluster of dominant F0 values F0 and traditional
perturbation analysis can be used. Type II Random or periodic
modulations that fluctuate too much to detect a single recurring
F0. Analysis limited to spectral analysis. Type III Random
aperiodic signals with no identifiable fundamental frequency
whatsoever. Not appropriate for most acoustic analysis. SPPA 6400
Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Voice Signal Typing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko Type I
Type II Type III
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- Fundamental Frequency (F 0 ) Average F 0 speaking fundamental
frequency (SFF) Correlate of pitch Infants ~350-500 Hz Boys &
girls (3-10) ~ 270-300 Hz Young adult females ~ 200 Hz Young adult
males ~ 120 Hz Older females: F 0 Older males: F 0 F 0 variability
F 0 varies due to Syllabic & emphatic stress Syntactic and
semantic factors Phonetics factors (in some languages) Provides a
melody (prosody) Measures F 0 Standard deviation ~2-4 semitones for
normal speakers F 0 Range maximum F 0 minimum F 0 within a speaking
task
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- Intensity Average Intensity Correlate of loudness conversation:
~ 65-80 dB SPL Intensity Variability SPL to mark stress Contributes
to prosody Measure Standard deviation for neutral reading material:
~ 10 dB SPL
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- Perturbation Analysis Jitter: variability in the period of each
successive cycle of vibration Shimmer: variability in the amplitude
of each successive cycle of vibration
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- Synthetic Continuum of Jitter SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders
0.0%2.0% 0.2%2.5% 0.4%3.0% 0.6%4.0% 0.8%5.0% 1.0%6.0% 1.5%
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- Harmonic peak Noise floor Frequency Amplitude Harmonic peak
Harmonics-to-noise Ratio
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- Cepstral Based Measures
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Other acoustic measures Maximum
Phonational Frequency Range Highest F0 - Lowest F0 Dynamic range
Highest intensity lowest intensity Voice Range Profile/Phonetogram
Dynamic range from lowest to highest F0
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- Voice Range Profile SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Aerodynamic Analysis of Voice SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders:
Tasko
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- Aerodynamic Testing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Aerodynamic Testing SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- Aerodynamic Testing Average Flow Rate Typical values 100-200
ml/sec Hyperfunction associated with lower values Hypofunction
associated with higher values Subglottal Pressure Typical values
5-8 cm H20 Phonation Threshold Pressure (PTP) Minimum pressure
needed to initiate phonation Typical values 3-5 cm H20 Laryngeal
Airway Resistance (LAR) subglottal pressure/mean flow rate
Estimates the resistance at level of the larynx SPPA 6400 Voice
Disorders: Tasko
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- Laryngeal Imaging SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Laryngeal Imaging Direct Laryngoscopy
Indirect Laryngoscopy Mirror examination Rigid laryngeal endoscopy
Constant light Stroboscopy Flexible fiberoptic laryngeal endoscopy
Constant light Stroboscopy
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Components Endoscope (rigid or
flexible) Light source (constant or strobe) Camera Recording device
(VHS, computer) If strobe light is used, a neck mounted microphone
(or electroglottograph) is used for tracking F o
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Constant light vs. strobe light
Constant light source allows viewing of basic structure and
function Identify lesions Identify abnormalities in ab/adduction
Identify supraglottic activity Strobe light source allows a view of
simulated vibration allows assessment of the vibratory function of
the vocal folds May reveal structural abnormalities not seen during
constant light endoscopy
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Typical VLS Examination A task list
Normal, loud and soft phonation Pitch glide (glissando) Laryngeal
diadochokinesis - /i i i/ /hi hi hi/ Cough Normal & deep
breathing
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- Gross Observations Glottic Closure Supraglottic hyperfunction
Mucus General Appearance Mobility SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders:
Tasko
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Stroboscopic observations Glottic
Closure Phase Closure Symmetry Amplitude Mucosal wave
Stiffness/nonvibrating portion/adynamic segment Periodicity
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- SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Example of a VLS evaluation form