Post on 20-Jan-2016
Insect AnatomyInsect Anatomy
ClassificationClassification
PhylumPhylum
ClassClass
OrderOrder
FamilyFamily
GenusGenus
SpeciesSpecies
ArthropodsArthropods
Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, and insects, among othersand insects, among others
Insects are members of the Insects are members of the Phylum Phylum ArthropodaArthropoda (jointed foot) (jointed foot)
an estimated an estimated 1 Million species of 1 Million species of insects existinsects exist, of which <0.1% are , of which <0.1% are harmful to plantsharmful to plants
Why are Arthropods so successful? Why are Arthropods so successful?
AdaptabilityAdaptability
ArthropodsArthropods
AdaptabilityAdaptability
Specialized appendagesSpecialized appendages Mole crickets, Mole crickets, giant water bug, ,
preying mantis
ArthropodsArthropods
http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/09/14/creature-with-interlocking-gears-on-legs/
ArthropodsArthropods
AdaptabilityAdaptability
Exoskeleton (Invertebrates)Exoskeleton (Invertebrates) Proportional strength ProtectionProtection
Body SectionsBody Sections
HEAD - THORAX - ABDOMENHEAD - THORAX - ABDOMEN
Class: ArachnidaClass: Arachnida
SpidersSpiders We’ll cover only one spider: mitesWe’ll cover only one spider: mites
Head/thorax (cephalothorax)Head/thorax (cephalothorax) Four pairs of legsFour pairs of legs
AbdomenAbdomen
ClassificationClassification
PhylumPhylum
Class: InsectaClass: InsectaOrderOrder
FamilyFamily
GenusGenus
SpeciesSpecies
Class: InsectaClass: Insecta
EXOSKELETONEXOSKELETON Solid outer skeletonSolid outer skeleton Accounts for shape and sizeAccounts for shape and size CuticleCuticle is outermost layer that is outermost layer that
conserves moistureconserves moisture
Class: InsectaClass: Insecta
EXOSKELETONEXOSKELETON
How does it grow?How does it grow? Molting: chemical reactions make it Molting: chemical reactions make it
flexible, it grows, then hardens again flexible, it grows, then hardens again ((schlerotization)schlerotization)
Each molting called Each molting called instarinstar ((Cicada hatching))
http://uncovercalifornia.com/content/21191-researchers-create-cybernetic-moth
HEADHEAD
AntennaeAntennae Sensory organsSensory organs
FoodFood
HEADHEAD
AntennaeAntennae Sensory organsSensory organs
Pheromones - communication chemicals Pheromones - communication chemicals secreted by insectssecreted by insects
HEADHEAD
Compound eyes (2)Compound eyes (2) Numerous faucets that each have a Numerous faucets that each have a
lens, each singly functionallens, each singly functional
HEADHEAD
Compound eyes (2)Compound eyes (2) Senses color, movement, and, to a Senses color, movement, and, to a
lesser extent, distancelesser extent, distance
HEADHEAD
Simple eyes, Simple eyes, OcelliOcelli (1 to 3) (1 to 3) Records daily changes in light Records daily changes in light
intensityintensity
HEADHEAD
Mouthparts: Mouthparts: ChewingChewing Mandibles Mandibles are are
often protectiveoften protective
HEADHEAD
Mouthparts: Mouthparts: ChewingChewing
MaxillaMaxilla like like appendagesappendages
HEADHEAD
Mouthparts Mouthparts Piercing suckingPiercing sucking
THORAXTHORAX
Mid-sectionMid-section Pro-, meso-, and meta-Pro-, meso-, and meta-
THORAXTHORAX
Each segment has a pair of legsEach segment has a pair of legs Front pair are often greatly modifiedFront pair are often greatly modified
THORAXTHORAX
Caterpillars have Caterpillars have prolegsprolegs on abdomen on abdomen Not true legsNot true legs
THORAXTHORAX
WingsWings Meso- and meta-Meso- and meta-
thorax sectionsthorax sections SloMoSloMo
THORAXTHORAX
Wings: BeetlesWings: Beetles Forewings hardened, Forewings hardened, elytraelytra Protection of hind wingsProtection of hind wings
THORAXTHORAX
Wings: GrasshopperWings: Grasshopper Forewings leatheryForewings leathery Hindwings flyHindwings fly
THORAXTHORAX
Wings: True bugsWings: True bugs Forewings, basal portion hardenedForewings, basal portion hardened Hindwings, membranousHindwings, membranous
THORAXTHORAX
Wings: Moths and butterfliesWings: Moths and butterflies Both wings scalesBoth wings scales
ABDOMENABDOMEN
Softest body sectionSoftest body section SpiraclesSpiracles, openings insect uses to , openings insect uses to
breathebreathe
ABDOMENABDOMEN
Few appendagesFew appendages OvipositorOvipositor
Laying eggs or stingerLaying eggs or stinger
ABDOMENABDOMEN
Few appendagesFew appendages CerciCerci
Can be sensory organ or protectiveCan be sensory organ or protective
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Insects begin life as an Insects begin life as an EggEgg Some exceptions are live birth, such Some exceptions are live birth, such
as Aphids (as Aphids (ViviparousViviparous) )
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisLarvaLarva (immature stage) (immature stage) Damaging stage, feeding heavily on Damaging stage, feeding heavily on
foliage or rootsfoliage or roots Major difference in shape and habit Major difference in shape and habit
from adultfrom adult
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisPupaePupae Idle stage, transforming into adultIdle stage, transforming into adult Cocoon vs. chrysalisCocoon vs. chrysalis
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Complete MetamorphosisComplete MetamorphosisAdultAdult (mature stage) (mature stage) Adults don’t often cause major Adults don’t often cause major
damagedamage
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis
Nymph (immature stage) (immature stage) Differ from adult in size and shapeDiffer from adult in size and shape Gradual changesGradual changes Wings undeveloped Wings undeveloped
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis
Adult (mature stage) (mature stage) Wings developWings develop
LIFE CYCLESLIFE CYCLES
Incomplete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis
MicrocosmosMicrocosmos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76R2EKEnoJQv=76R2EKEnoJQ