Post on 07-Aug-2015
INNOVATIVE EXERCISE EQUIPMENT FOR
ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION
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ABSTRACTThis project is based on the process of generating electricity
while cycling. It involves the process of giving the mechanical energy
produced during cycling to the generator connected to the shaft of the wheel.
People who are interested in minimizing environmental impacts and those who want to preserve the environment will use this type of electrical energy generation thereby reducing the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere.
Thus produced electrical energy is used in powering a piece of equipment such as lamp or a computer while exercising.
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INTRODUCTION The field of energy conservation is becoming an increasingly
notable subject of research among the scientific community today.
The aim of the proposed system is to use the mechanical energy produced during cycling in order to generate electricity.
The system leads a way to preserve our environment and reduce pollution.
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EXISTING SYSTEM In the existing system the solar panel is used as the
equipment for electrical energy generation. Which cannot be used to generate electricity during night time.
PROPOSED SYSTEM In the proposed system we are using the Exercising Cycle Equipment for electric power generation. In this the electric power is generated even though the absence of sunlight.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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ELEMENTS
It consist of the following elements;
1) Prime mover
2) Generator (Alternator)
3) Battery
4) Rectifier
5) Inverter
6) Transformer
7) Load
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From the prime mover the mechanical energy is given to the
synchronous generator.
The generator generates 12V,10A AC output. This AC output is
obtained by regulation process and it is given to the rectifier.
Rectifier converts the AC input to DC output thus converted DC
is stored in the battery.
From the battery the DC is used for excitation in one hand and
also is given to the inverter circuit in order to produce AC for
lighting the load.
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.
The load is lighted, when the output from the inverter
being 12V AC is stepped up to approximately 230V AC.
When the prime mover is not providing the mechanical
input the 230V AC main supply is taken and is given to
the step-down transformer.
The stepped down AC is then rectified and stored in the
battery and the inverter functions the same leading to light
the load.
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PRIMEMOVER
The mechanical energy is given by the exercising cycle to the alternator through chain and belt drive.
The spinning motion of the rear tyre is used to produce mechanical energy which is directly given to the alternator.
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ALTERNATOR
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ALTERNATOR MODEL
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ALTERNATOR OVERVIEW
The alternator contains:
A rotating field winding called the rotor.
A stationary induction winding called the stator.
A diode assembly called the rectifier bridge.
A control device called the voltage regulator.
Two internal fans to promote air circulation.
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ALTERNATOR
The charging system has three major components. The Battery,
Alternator, and the Regulator.
This alternator works together with the battery to supply
power when the vehicle is running.
The output of an alternator is direct current, however AC
voltage is actually created and then converted to DC through a
rectifier.
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ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD
NORTH FIELD
SOUTH FIELD
NORTH FIELD
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ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD
The rotor field winding creates the magnetic field that induces
voltage into the stator.
One finger pole become a north pole and the other a south pole.
The rotor spins creating an alternating magnetic field North,
South, North, South, etc.
The magnetic field thus induces the emf that cuts the stator
conductors.
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BATTERYAn electric battery is a device consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
The battery is a two terminal device that provides DC supply to the inverter section when the AC mains are not available.
The battery we are using here is 12V,10A rating.
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DIODE RECTIFIER
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DIODE RECTIFIER
The rectifier circuit is a circuit which converts the AC
supply to DC output.
Six or eight diodes are used to rectify the AC stator voltage.
Two diodes are connected to each stator lead. One positive
the other negative.
Because a single diode will only block half the AC voltage
to DC voltage.
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CIRCUIT OF POWER INVERTER
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A power inverter or inverter is an electronic device or circuit that changes direct current(DC) to alternating current(AC).
The inverter does not produce any power by itself; the power is provided by the DC source.
It consist of two circuits control (driver) circuit and power circuit.
The driver circuit consist of a number of diodes,CMOS family and logic family.
The power circuit consists of two MOSFETs that are provided with the gate signal from the control circuit that turns on and off the MOSFETs during the positive and the negative halt cycles alternatively.
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TRANSFORMERA transformer basically is very simple electrical device
that works on the principle of Faraday’s law of induction.
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A transformer converts electrical energy from one value to another.
There are two types of transformers step-up and step-down transformer.
The step-up transformer converts the lower value of voltage into a higher value.
The step-down transformer converts the higher value of voltage into a lower value.
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LOAD
Load is the generic term for something in the circuit that will draw power.
Anything that uses electricity to do work will draw current. The amount depends on how much resistance to current flow the device has and the amount of voltage applied to it.
Here we are using a 40W incandescent lamp as load.
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MAIN CIRCUIT
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.
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit.
The project is based on generation of electricity while cycling . The cyclist when cycling will not be able to peddle at constant speed all the time.
Thus the belt arrangement is given to the wheel of the cycle to provide constant input to the generator.
Thus the mechanical input given to the generator is regulated by using the voltage regulator, and maintained at a constant value.
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.
Thus the generator output will also be a constant AC.
The AC output from the generator is given to the rectifier
circuit to be converted to DC.
Thus converted DC output from the rectifier circuit is stored in
the battery.
When the cyclist is not peddling the supply from the AC mains
that is, the 230V supply is stepped down to 12V AC and is then
rectified to 12V DC and stored in a battery.
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.
This supply from the battery maybe used by the inverter circuit
to light a load when the cyclist is not peddling.
On the other hand the DC stored in the battery during the first
cycle is used by the inverter in order to light the load.
The inverter circuit is a circuit that converts the12V DC input
to 12V AC output.
The AC output from the inverter is stepped up approximately
to 230V and is then given to the load.
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A BICYCLE GENERATOR USES HUMAN POWER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
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CONCLUSIONThis project is aimed to preserve our environment from
various effects of different methods of power generation.This helps in reducing the electricity bill in homes.This equipment may be used to light any of the small
equipments in our homes. This equipment is eco-friendly and reduces
environmental pollution.
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REFERENCES[1] J. H. Paul ides, J. W. Jansen, L. Encica, E. A. Lomonova and M.
Smit, “Power from the people: Human-powered small-scale generation system for a sustainable dance club,”IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 20–26, 2011.
[2] Miller, D. Manz, J. Roedel, P. Marken, and E. Kronbeck,"Utility scale battery energy storage systems", in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, Jul.2010.
[3] Human Powered Vehicle Challenge (HPVC) – Engineering Competitions-ASME - ASME,” American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
[4] Gilberto c d souse ,Bimal K Bose, july 2011 “A fuzzy set theory based control of phase controlled converter DC motor drive”,IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, vol.14, no.2,.