Post on 28-Dec-2015
Traditional innovation process
CommericalisationResearch Development Extension
2.5%
Innovators
Early majority 34%
Late majority 34%
- +
Early adopters 13.5%
16% Laggards
-2
Variable % of studies No. of studies
Education 74 275
Literacy 63 38
Higher social status 68 402
Larger-size businesses 67 227
Commercial orientation 71 28
Studies with +ve relationship between adoption index and other variables
(Adapted from Van den Ban and Hawkins, 1985)
Changes in agricultural innovation regimes
First Green Revolution (1950-1960)
Second Green (1980-1990)
Key technologies Plant breeding, mechanisation, fertilisers
Biotechnology, genomics
Key innovation actors Public Institutes, International Centres for Ag’Research
Multinational corporations, Universities, Public Institutes
Status of innovation Public good Private good, patents
Status of genetic resources
Common Heritage of Mankind
National Sovereignty
Geopolitical context Cold War, feed the world
Competition for world food markets
Source : (Joly, 2003)
Challenge: Technical innovation is only part of the issue
Balancing sense making perspectives
PersuasionFacts
Power
Responsibility
Efficiency
Interaction Doubt
Roles
Self organizing
Learning to learn
Dairy: The Need for a Farm Systems Focus
Stewardship and Social Responsibility
New ZealandPublic
Governments& Regulations
Consumers and Trade
FarmProduction& Resource
Use
FarmManagement
& People
The central focus is the whole farm
system
Farming Systems
Dairy farming operates in
the context of a broader
world
Farming systems interact and relate to the broader context
Challenge: Catalysing Innovation & Change
Don’t know they don’t know
Know they don’t know
Seek solutions
Best Management Practice
Don’t care
Know-how
Ability to Increase Farm Performance
Demand for knowledge
-ve
+ve
Framework for Change
Well EstablishedBest Practices
Highly equivocal knowledge of practice options
State of Knowledge
Components Systems
Scope of Practice Change
Voluntary ChangeMarket
Mechanisms Regulation
Mechanism for Practice Change
Traditional Extension
Broader historical scope of NZ Dairy Extension
Emerging areas needing high investment to establish best
practices, or be proactive to avoid regulatory control
Farmer change in
response to compliance
or regulatory controls
Farmer change in
response to commercial incentives
or penalties
position represent
judge
Sensemaking
Sensemaking Sensemaking
Researching
Farming
Advising
Change: an interplay of practices
tools
methods jargon diagnose
predict
Solve-retain
Error-search
Defining rules
Experience rules
Average Policy Practitioner Perception and Expectation Scores of Practice Performance.
01234567
Farming Practice
Advising Practice
Policy Practice
Research Practice
Policy Practitioner Perceptions of Actual Practice Performance
Policy Practitioner Expectations of Ideal Practice Performance
01234567
Farming Practice
Advising Practice
Policy Practice
Research Practice
Farmer Practitioner Perceptions of Actual Practice Performance
Farmer Practitioner Expectations of Ideal Practice Performance
Average Farming Practitioner Perception and Expectation Scores
of Practice Performance.
We have a choice …
Where to from here?
Technologies speak for
themselves?
Drop in a specialist [people issues] at a critical stage in the
program?
Co-develop programs: questions about the
learning, decision making and change in at
establishment stage?