By

Hasimah Azit

Observe this picture.What conclusion you can give from this picture?

Question?

• Are they difference?

• What is the differences between them?

• Do they have any similiar characteristic ?

• Where do they get all these characteristics?

Observe the diagram!

What color is the parent?

What is the characteristic of the first filial?

What is the characteristic of the second filial?

What is the propotion between the color?

3 yellow : 1 green

State • The color of parent flower

• The color of offspring flower

• Where the color goes?

State: • What is obvious color of the flower?

• purple

• Predict the color of offspring flowers

• Purple and white

What

• Trait can be observe?

• Cant be seen in one generation?

• Less color in the offspring?

• What is the name of the trait that can be seen regularly

• What is the name the trait that seldom be seen

• What factor controling the trait??

• Trait always can be seen = dominance trait

• Trait seldom be seen = recessive trait

• Dominance trait is control by dominance factor

• Recessive trait is control by recessive factors

• The factor is called gene

Gene and alelle• Every trait is control by a gene

• Gene consist of two allele

• Each allele is located at a chromosome

U

1 chromosome

1 allele

Gene dan allele

Trait – control by a pair of allele at homolog chromosome

What is homolog chromosome?

Homolog chromosomes pairsChromosomes in the cell

Gene dan allele

TT

Homolog chromosomes

Allele Allele

Gene consist of 2 allele in sameLocation at

homolog chromosomes

• The yellow color bean is control by dominance gene (K)

• = KK

• The green color bean is control by ressesive gene (k)

• = kk

• Heterozygote form: = Kk

• The color is yellow, yellow is dominance

KK

Yellow parent X Green parent

kk

K K k k

Kk KkKk Kk

KKkkKkKk

kK K k

gamete

F1

F1 X F1

gamete

F2

yellow yellow yellow green

meiosis

fertilization

meiosis

fertilization

Try again: • Parent : yellow X green

For F2 generation:

• Use Punnet square:

Gamete maleGamete

female

K k

K

k

KK Kk

Kk kk

What is.. • Parent genotype ?

• Parent Phenotype ?

• Genotype F1

• Phenotype F1

• Genotype F2

• Phenotype F2

• Phenotype ??? Genotype ???

•Genotype = type of allele that control the trait

•Phenotype = the characteristic can be seen

So:-• KK = pure breed (homozygote) - yellow

• Kk = hybrid (heterozygote) - yellow

• kk = pure breed (homozygote) – green

• Practice: −Do the cross of the following:

Kaji rajah berikut

What is the conclusion can be made?

• Trait is control by a pair of allele, only an allele can be inherited in gamete.

First Mendel Law(Law of Segregation)

any pair of characteristics there is only one gene in a gamete even though there are two genes in ordinary cells.

Think ...

Practice:

Two trait inherited.Each trait is controlled control by two alleleEach of the allele from any trait able to combine during gamete formation in meiosis .

Female DrosophilaPurple eyeBlack body

Male DrosophilaRed eyeBrown body .

Key:U – dominance allele for purple eyeU – recessive allele for red eyeH- dominance allele for black bodyH – recessive allele for brown body

Draw schematic diagram to show the inheritance of the trait in F1 and F2 generation.

UUHH X uuhhParent

Gamete UH uh

First filialGeneration (F1) UuHh

Random cross between F1 with any of F1

UuHh X UuHh

Gamete: UH Uh uH uh UH Uh uH uh

F2: UH Uh uH uh

UH

Uh

uH

uh

Phenotype Number

Purple eye, brown body

Purple eye, black body

Red eye, black body

Red eye, brown body

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

two characteristics the genes are inherited independently.