Post on 03-Dec-2014
F E...-GUl..AFf COUFISE..
1;I-OG/i/",IM~
· · c t t it iat ea wit t)
6-RG -P4
r----------- CHARACTERS --------,
S.: Sal/y Wilson M.: Mike Wilson
Mr. F.: Mr. Franco Mrs. F.: Mrs. Franco
Mrs. S.: Mrs. Spencer Mr. S.: Mr. Strickland
C.: Charlie Franco
B.: Bob
Di.: Diana
I!,....
" '" '.,..- •••.•.I
"-r--.:r
~D.: Daniel Robinson
R.: Ruth
Mrs. R.: Mrs. Robinson
Mrs. S.: Mrs. Strickland
Mr. S.: Mr. Spencer
B',", .•.. ~~ /,
Att.: Attendant
La.: Laura Simon
K.: Kathleen
fi:,-,:-,
I'"'
Mr. R.: Mr. Robinson
)
)
.,I
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RG-P4 -7
LlST OF CONTENTS
LESSON PAGE
37 Surprises 11I
Grammar Review
9
38 A Suspicious Visitor
Prepositions - INTO, IN, OUT OF
Interrogative pronoun - WHO
21
39 Los Angeles or San Francisco?
The comparative and superlative of
adjectives af three or more syl/ables
31
40 At the Checkroom
The comparative and superlative of
adjectives of one or two syllables
Order of adjectives (color + material + noun)
42
41 Situations
Review of comparatives and supertattves
Irregular comparative and superlative
forms - BETTER THAN, WORSE THAN, THE BEST: THE WORST
55
)Jealousy
The past continuous tense
42 68
43 The Missing Purse
Possessive pronouns
The modal verb COULD
78
44 Situations 89WOULD LlKE
8 -RG -P4
LESSON PAGE
45 If I Win the Lottery ...
Conditional clauses - (IF + PRESENl) ..• WILL
99
46 If I Had. .. I Would ...
Conditional clauses - (IF + PAST) ... WOULD
108
Situations
Review of if-clauses
11847
Situations
Review of structures
12648
)I )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 37 -'13
Did you hear about ... ?
Michelle: Hi, Ann. How are you?
Ann: I'm fine. But what happened to you?
Michelle: I don't know. I woke up with a stift neck this morning.
Ann: Did you go to the doctor?
Michelle: No. Maybe 1'11 go tomorrow.
Ann: Say, Michelle, do you have a cigarette?
)
Michelle: No, I quit smoking last month.
Ann: That's good. Ishould quit smoking too, but it's really difficult for
me.Michelle: Say, did you hear about Linda's daughter?
Ann: Well, I heard she quit school.
Michelle: Right. Her boyfriend is a movie director and she says she
wants to be an actress.Ann: I don't think she'lI be a very good actress.
Michelle: I don't either.
Ann: Oh, I have to go now. I have to get home before my son arrives
from school. Bye,'Michelle.
Michelle: Bye, Ann.
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
Observe this sentence:
The doctor said that I had to~ smok!g9'verb -ve....JrL,-b""-in--:-:-th-e
to quit -ing form
____ -----------------jl14 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. GOING TO OR WILL?
Take a look at the sentences below.
My sister is working in New York. I'm going to visit her next month.
I don't know what to do tonight. H'rn, maybe 1'11go to the movies.
As Vou can see, both going to and will are used to express future time.
Remember this:We use going to to talk about definite plans orintentions. (A previous decision exists.)
We use will to talk about what we think will happenwhen plans are not so definite. (No previous decisionexists; we usually decide at the moment of speaking.)
Note WiII is often used with maybe or probably.
Example:
WELL, I THINK I'LLSTAY HOME, THEN.
I'M GOING TO SEETHAT MOVIE AT THE
ROXY TONIGHT.
)
\
\
RG _P4 _LesSOn 31-15
EXPRESSING PROBABILlTY - MUST11.
Look at this sentence.
t be Cathy's new boyfriend.""Look. That mus
Remember this: wnat we think is probablyWe use must to expresstrue, based on the facts we have.
)We use must for ali persons (singular and plural).
Note ~Use an infinitive without to after must.
Example:
HE DIDN'T PUT ONHIS PANTS.
JIM MUST BE REALLYLATE FOR WORK
TODAY.
)
16 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
111.THERE WAS, THERE WERE
Remember this:
There was and there were are used to say thatsomething existed in the past.
SINGULAR PLURAL
AFFIRMATIVE THEREWAS THEREWERE
INTERROGATIVE WASTHERE ... ? WERE THERE ... ?
NEGATIVE THERE WAS NOT THERE WERE NOTTHERE WASN'T THERE WEREN'T
Example:
THERE WERE SOMEOOUGHNUTS HERE.WHERE ARE THEY?
I OON'T KNOW.
IV. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was WaslVou were happy. Wereyou late?Hewas WasheShe was Was she
Itwas expensive. Wasit interesting?
Wewere Were weVou were tired. Were you early?They w€!re Were they
) )
)
RG -P4 -Lesson 37 -17
FULL NEGATIVE CONTRACTEO NEGATIVE
I was not I wasn'tVou were not happy. VOUweren't upstairs.He was not He wasn'tShe was not She wasn't
It was no! available. It wasn'! rare.
We were no! Weweren'tVou were not around. Vou weren't afraid.They were no! They weren't
V. OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS
Subjec!ive Objective
I meVou youHe himShe herIt itWe usVou youThey them
Example:
OIOYOU?WHEN?
YESTEROAY, WHENSHE CALLEO VOU A"PERFECT" 1010T.
MY GIRLFRIENOTHINKS I'MPERFECT.
18 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
VI. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULARVERBS
Remember this:
. We use the simple past tense to talk about actionsthat occurred at a definite time in the past.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
IVou traveled to New Vork yesterday.HeShe
It started to rain an hour ago.
WeVou loved the show last night.They
NEGATIVE FORM
IVou did not (didn't) like the game yesterday.HeShe
It did not (didn't) stop at the White House yesterday.
WeVou did not (didn't) talk to the President last week.They
INTERROGATIVE FORM
IDid you arrive before them last night?he ,
she
Did it begin at 9 yesterday?
weDid you play cards last Friday?
they
)
) )
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 45
) Att.: There's a light gray onehere too.
Mr. S.: Uh, uh. These sleeves aremuch shorter and this color'sIighter.
Mrs. S.: Did you find yourraincoat?
Mr. S.: Oh, itwas rny beige rancoanI'm getting old. :
Mr. S.: 1'11get it later ... Mr. S.: ...or she'lI think I'm thecraziest man in the world.
46 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
Dear Sandra,
How are things going with you and John? I hope you are both fine.
Harry and I are great. Last week we took a trip to Las Vegas. We wanted
to see ali the attractions that make Las Vegas one of the most Iasclnatlnç
cities in the States. It was wonderful! We had a really good time.
Sandra, you know how Harry is always forgetting things. Well, let me
tell you what Harry did last night. We went out to have dinner. After dinner,
Harry went to the checkroom to get his lealher jacket.
The attendant went into the checkroom and returned with a gray leather
jacket in her hands. Harry looked at the jacket and said it wasn't his because
his jacket was longer and also newer than that one. The attendant found
another jacket and showed it to him, but it wasn't the right one either. This
jacket was a lighter gray than his jacket, and it was shorter too.
At that moment, I arrived at lhe checkroom and asked Harry abou\ his
yellow raincoat. When he heard the word "raincoat," he remembered he was
there to get his raincoat, not his jacket. We decided to leave the restaurant
immediately. I guess the attendant thought Harry was crazy.
Well, I don't think Harry is crazy, but I really think he is getti,ng old. I
have to go now, dear. Please write to me.
Love,
Gladys
P.S. Harry wants you and John to visit uso Maybe we can go to Las Vegastogether.
, )
RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 57
Tim:
Sob:
Tim:
) Sob:
Tim:
Sob:
Patty:
Susan:
Patty:
Susan:
\
~ Patty:
Susan:
Patty:
Susan:
Patty:
F/y ar Drive?
Say, Sob, what are you planning to do on your vacation?
I'm lhinking of traveling to San Francisco.
Sounds good. How are you going? Are you going by plane?
No, I don't think so. It's too expensive to fly. I think 1'11drive.
Sut it's such a long way frorn here. And if you drive, you have to becareful ali the time. I know it's expensive to fly, but planes are faster,safer, and more comfortable. Vou can relax and sleep during thetrip. And you'lI have more time in San Francisco.
OK. OK. You're right. I think 1'11leave my car in the garage and goby plane.
Safes Ta/k
Hey, where did you buy these jeans?
I got them yesterday at Shotty's Department Store.
They are really nice. Were they expensive?
Well, they were on sale, but the salesman said that they were thebest quality jeans on lhe rnarket-
And you believe what salespeoplesay? Most of the time it's onlysales talk. They just want to sell things.
Well, he seemed sincere.
Look! This pocket is torno And one leg is longe r than the other, That'swhy they were on sale.
Oh, no. 1'11have to take them back. Can you take back things thatwere on sale?
Seatsme. Sut next time, I think you should look at what you'rebuying and not [ust listen to what lhe salesperson says.
58- RG-P4 -lesson 41
RELAXY
Do you have a problem sleeping? Are you tense during the day at work? Do
your hands always shake when your boss calls you to say that your work
needs, well, a little bit more attention?
Relax. We have the solution to your problem: RELAXY. RELAXY is the best
way for you to get a good night's sleep. UseRELAXY. You'lI sleep like a baby
andyou'lI have wonderful dreams. And because your work will be better, your
boss will sleep better too.
)
)
68 - RG- P4 -lesson 42
L ESSON42WORDS IN ACTION
)
arm
bus terminal
WHArs GOING ON?
)
The woman ls laughing. The young man ls waving to thewoman.
RG - P4 - Lesson 37 - 11
TEXTSURPRISES 11I
AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK
B055: Do these things before Ireturn .Secretary: When will you return?
'B055: Tomorrow morning.
WHA T DID VOU SA Y?
Old lady: Did you hear a noise? Old man: No, I didn't. I didn'thear any noise.
SUPERBABY
Woman on the right Didyour babyjump into the pool?
Woman on the left: He sure did.
12 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
A POOR EXCUSE
Doctor: Cigarettesl? But youshould quit smoking.
Patient: But, doctor, I got thesefor you.
LlGHTS, CAMERA, ACTlONf
Movie director: ActionlActress: Heipl Helpl
Movie director: What happened?Actor: There was a bug undermy shirt.
WHA T'S GOING ON?
Man on the left: Whafs going on? Doorman: i don't know. I wokeup this morning with a stiff neck.
RG-P4 - Lesson37-19
VII. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Pay attenlion 10 the sim pie past tense of lhe following irregular verbs:
buy boughl
find found
gel gol
have had
leave left
come carne
fly flew
think thoughl
Example:
22 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38
TEXT
A SUSP/C/OUS VIS/TOR
S.: What seared you? A monster? M.: Aw, eut it out. There's astrange guy across the street.
S.: What do you mean bystrange?M.: Suspieious.
M.: He went up to the Strieklands'front door and stood there for afew moments.
M.: Then he took a key ou! of hispockét ...
M.: ... unlocked the door ...
, )
,--
~ I)
RG - P4 - Lesson 38 -23
)M.: ... and went into their house. S.: How did he get the key?
M.: Who knows? Perhaps he's athief.
M.: Quiekl Let's eall the polieelS.: No, wait.
S.: Mrs. Strickland is giving theman a eheek.
Mrs. S.: I'm glad you repairedthe loek so fast. Vou did a goodjob.
24 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 38
Then Frank took his tools out of abag. There wasn't anyone around. Heused the tools to unlock the front door. Before he finished the job, he heard anoise. It was a police car arriving. '
Two police officers,
new to the area,
got out of the caro
They asked Frank a Iot
of questions. "Who
are you? What are
you doing here?
Who called you here?"
They thought he was
a thief. Frank
answered, "Hey, cut
it out. I'm not a thief.
I)
RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 25
At this moment, the three menheard a noise behind them.When they looked, they saw
a terrible-Iooking old man~Ftiir.. -=- dressedin black. Hesaid,
"Hi, guys. My name's Boog Eman
[pronounced Boogieman - the man was reallyvery ugly). I'm glad you repaired the lock."
Then he put his hand
into his pocket to take out some
money. But Frank Enstine didn't
wait for the money. He disappeared;
quickly. And the two policemen ~ :
were in their car saying " ~,
"good-bye." Boog Emanlooked at the money in his hand
and said, "Don't people like -
money?"
Note to students: Boogieman - legendary creature who takes away disobedient kids.
26 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
PREPOSITIONS
A. Into or in?
Observe Ihese examples:
Sam is walking lato lhedining room.
B. Into or out of?
Observe Ihese examples:
HereSam is walkinginto lhe diningroom.
Here Sam is runninginto lhe dining room.
NowSam is in lhedining room.
~
utof
[!j
HereSam is walkingouof lhe dining room.
Here Samis runningoutof lhe dining room.
( )
/ .J
.,RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 27
PRACTICAL GRAMMARINTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - WHOLook at Ihis senlence:
I Joe scared Ann. I
)
Who scared Ann? Who performed the action of the verb?
Joe did. Joe performed the action of the verbo
Joe is the subject of the sentence.
Now look at this dialogue:
In the question, who refers to the subject Joe.
In the question, the auxiliary did is not necessary. Why?
Note ~When a question begins with who, and who refers to thesubject, the auxiliaries do, does or did are not used.
)
Pay attenlion to the following questions and answers:
"Who 18 your English teacher?" "Mrs. Williams is."
"Who washes your clothes?" "My mother does."
"Who took you to the movies?" "My boyfriend did."
WHO UNLOCKEDMY CLOSET
DOORS?
28 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38
Now look at this sentenee again:
I Joe seared Ann. I
Who was seared? Who reeeived the aetion of the verb?
Ann was seared. Ann is the reeeiver of the aetion of the verbo
Ann is the objeet of the sentenee.
Now look at this dialogue:
In the question, who refers to the objeet, Ann.
In the question, the auxiliary didis used. The auxiliary did is neeessary. Why?
When a question begins with who, and who refers tothe obiect, the auxiliaries do, does, or did are used.Note
Take a look at this example:
)
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 29
Compare these questions and answers:
"Who seared Ann?~ "Joe seared Ann." ~~V)
I "Who did Joe seare?" "Joe seared Ann." I@I~~)
Another way of asking the last question is:
I Whom did Joe seare? I
In eonversation, whom is not usually used as an interrogative pronoun.Amerieans use who. However, if you are writing something formal, it's betterto use whom.
32 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39
TEXT
LOS ANGELES OR SAN FRANCISCO?
Mr. F.: Tell us about your trip. Mr. S.: It was excellent. Las Vegasis a fascinating city.
Mrs. S.: Well, I left my heart inSan Francisco'.
Mr. F.: I think LA. is more interestingthan San Francisco.
Mr. S.: But San Francisco is themost beautiful city in California.
Mrs. S.: And the most famousbridgein the world, the GoldenGate Bridge, is in San Francisco.
)
() )
RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 33
) Mrs. F.: True, but there are moretourist attractions in L.A. than inSan Francisco.
Mr. F.: Yeah, and it's more difficultto park in San Francisco.
Mrs. S.: By the way, this seafoodis out of this world.
Mrs. F.: Well, crab, oysters, ...
Mrs. F.: ... lobster and shrimp ... Mrs. F.: ... are San Franciscospecialties.
34 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39
Come to Los Angeles onyour next vacation. In L.A.,
you can visit world-famous
Hollywood Boulevard,Beverly Hills, and Bel Air.
Don't be surprised if you
see a movie star walking
onthe street next to you inHollywood, the movie
capital of the world. And, ofcourse, bring the kids. Vou
have to take them toDisneyland and Sea
World. Vou (and they) will
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 35
)
Come visit San Francisco,the most beautifulcity in California.
In San Francisco, you canvisit the Golden Gate Bridge,Chinatown, Fisherman'sWharf, and Ghiradelli
Square. And San Franciscois also famous for its
seafood restaurants where
you can have
out-of-this-world specialties
like crab, oyster, shrimp, andlobster. We're sure that
when you leave The City,you too will say: "lleftmyheart in San Francisco."
\\\\
36 _ RG - P4 - Lesson 39
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
\Pay attention to this: .
be countable or uncountable.. b and lobster can . I they are
The words shflmp. era . erab and lobster as anima s.When we refer to shflmp, '
countable.
one lobster - two lobsters
one crab - two crabs
one shrimp - two shrimp *
d sh·rimphas an irregular plural formo.•Notice tnat the wor. .
d they are alwaysh ·mp lobster and erab as too ,
When we refer to s fi. _
uncountable.
We are going to have 'obster for dinner.
\
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:
RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 37
- I) )MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD
IS FANTASTIC.
MRS. SPENCER SAID,"MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD
IS FANTASTIC."
MRS. SPENCER SAID THATMRS. FRANCO'SSEAFOOD
WAS FANTASTIC.
PAM
Mrs. Spencer said something about Mrs. Franco's seafood.
We can tell someone else what Mrs. Spencer said in two ways:
Ruth used direct speech. We use direct speech when we repeat the exactwords that a person said, as if that person were speaking.
Pam used indirect speech. We use indirect speech to tell someone whatanothsr person sald, withóuf repeating that person's exect words.
38 - RG - P4 - Le_sson 39
Now look at this example:
Dlrect Speech: Dave said, "The Stricklands are at home."
Indlrect Speech: Dave said that the Stricklands were at home.
Compare these sentences:
Mr. Clark said, "Peter IIves in London." D1RECT SPEECH
Mr. Clark said that Peter lived in London. ~~
Remember this:
In indirect speech, use the past tense of the verb if theoriginal statement was in the present tense.
In indirect speech, do not use quotation marks.
Look at these sentences again:
Mrs~Spencer said, "Mr~Franco's seafood iS]fantastic."
DIRECT SPEECH
Mrs. Spencer said that Mrs. Franco's seafoodwas fantastic.
Mrs. Spencer said Mrs. Franco's seafoodwas fantastic.
Remember this:
In indirect speech, tha word lhat aftar the verbintroducing tha speaker's words is usually omitted.
( )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 39
11. THE COMPARATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF~ORMORE~L~
Compare these santences:
NON-COMPARATIVESENTENCESan Francisco is interesting.
L
San Francisco is more interesting than L.A.)
Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:
adjective ofthree syllables
Remember this:We form the comparative of adjectives with three ormore syllables by adding more before the adjectiveand than after it.~
Note ~We use the comparative when we are comparing twoitems.
)Look at this example:
40 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39
111.THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF THREE ORMORE SYLLABLES
Compare these sentences:
San Francisco is more intEirestingtha" L.A. @~PA~A~VE)San Francisco is the most interesting city rsüPER~,inCalifornia. ~
Observe the formation of the superlative in this diagram:
San Francisco is
Remember this:
~
Note ~
Look at this example:
YOU'RE THE MOSTFANTASTICHUSBANDINTHEWORLD!
adjective ofthree syllables
We form the superlative of adjectives of three or moresyllables by adding the most before the adjective.
We use the superlative when we are comparing oneitem to the rest of a group.
EVERY DAY THERE'SSOMENEWREASON FOR METO LOVEYOUMORE. N
LlKE THIS NEWDRESS, FOREXAMPLE.LlKEWHAT?
44 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
text
AT THE CHECKROOM
Mr. S.: I left my gray leatherjacket here yesterday, but I lostthe ticket.
Att.: Let me see. 1'11be rightback.
Att.: Here vou are, sir. Yourgray jacket.
Mr. S.: No, my jacket is longerthan this one.
Mr. S~: And it's newer. Mr. S.: This jacket's torn.
) )
)
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:
RG -P4 - Lesson 40 -47
MA. MILLER WANTS TO LEAVE HISDOGHERE.
Compare these sentences:
)
THE ATTENOANT SAIO THATMR. MILLER WANTED TO LEAVE HIS
OOGTHERE.
The attendant said, "Mr. Miller wants to leave ~~~his dog here."
The attendant said that Mr. Miller wanted to ~leave his dog there.
Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use there when here was.usedin the original statement.
48 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
11. lHE COMPARAllVE FORM - ADJECTlVES OF ONE OR TWOSYLLABLES
Compare these sentences:
\ This coat is new. \ NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE
COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis coat is newer than my coat.
NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis street is quiet.
COMPARATIVE SENTENCEThis street is quleter than that one.
Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:
adjective 01one syllable
adjective 01\WO syllables
Remember this:We form the comparative of adjectives of one or twosy/lables by adding er to the end of the adjective andby putting than after it.
Look at this example:THATS MY FATHER ...AFTER A DAY ATTHE
OFFICE.,_~_
I GUESS VOU HAVE TO BEOLDER THAN I AM TO
UNDERSTAND IT;....,;=::~_
HE'SALWAYSTEWNG METODO MY HOMEWORK SO I CAN
GET A JOB _..,...,,_~LlKE HIS.
)
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 49
Now look at this:
Bob is fat, but Jerry is fatter than Bob.
Look at how we form this comparative:
)11a one-syllable adjective ends in or is formed by aconsonant + vowel + consonant, we double the finalconsonant and add er to form the comparative 01theadjective.
Note
Look at another example:
John is thin, but Margaret is thinner than John.
Look at this now:
Celia is pretty, but Donna is prettier than Celia.
Look at how we lorm this comparative:
)
Note 'If the adjective ends in a consonant f y, we drop they and add ier to form the comparative.
Take a look at this other example:
Albert is craz)', but Gilbert is crazier than Albert.
50 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
Pay attention to this sentence:
This room is large, but that room is larger than this one.
Pay attention to how we form this comparative:
This room is large, but that room is large
adjectiveending in e
NoteIf the adjective ends in e, just add r to form thecomparative.
Take a look at this example:
My neighbor Tirn is nice, but his brother Tom is nicer than Tlm,
111. THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF ONE ORTWOSYLLABLES
Compare these sentences:
My house is smaller than your house. ~
My house is the smallest house on this street. ( ~~
This street is quieter than that one. CC§~This is the quietest street in the neighborhood. ~
)
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 51
Look how we form the superlative in this diagram:
house on this street.
adjective aione syllable
) street in the neighborhood.
adjective 01two syllables
Remember this:We form the superlative of adjectives of one or twosyllables by putting the beforethe adjective and est atthe end of it.
Look at another example:
Sarah is the youngest girl in the class,
Now look at this:
)Vince is fat, but his brother Ted is the fattest person in his family.
Take a look at how wc form the superlative in this case:
52 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
Note ~
With one-syllable adjectlvas that end in or are formed bya consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the finalconsonant and add est to form the superlative.
Take a look at this example:
Terry is the thinnest person I know.
Pay attention to this:
Note ~If the adjective ends in a consonant + y, we drop the yand add iest to form the superlative.
Look at this other example:
Marilyn is the craziest girl in our classroom.
Now look at this:
room in the house.
adjective lhalends in e
Note ~If the adjective ends in e, we just add st to form lhesuperlative.
)
) I
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 53
Look at the example below:
)
THE NICEST SUMMER DAYALWAYS FALLS ON A
MONDAY. " ri'O-/' -Lr( I \
~
IV. ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Take a look at this sentence from the lesson:
I left my gray leather jacket here yesterday.
As vou can see we have two adjectives (gray, leather) referring to lhe samenoun (jackel). How do we place these adjectives?
Remember this:
Put (he adjective referring 10 color (in Ihis case, gray)before lhe adjeclive referring to material (Ieather).
)
COLO R MATERIAL NOUN
gray leather jacket
Anolher example:
Mom bought me a yellQw nylon jacket.
RG - P4 - Lessen 41 - 55
L ESSON41
TEXTSrrUATlONS
ARE BLONDS STRONGER?
Charlle: In myopinion, brunettesare more attractive than blonds.
Jean: Maybe. But be careful.Blonds are stronger.
VACA T10N PLANS
Woman: I'm going to drive toDenver on my vacation.Man: It's a long way from here.
Man: Why don't you go byplane? It's faster and. morecomfortable.Woman: Yeah, and moreexpensive too.
56 - AG - P4 - Lesson 41
WHO'S TENSE AROUND HERE?
Man: Planes are the safestmeans of transportation. Relaxand try to sleep a little bit.
Woman: How can I if you don'tstop shaking?
SA TURDA Y NIGHT DREAMS
Mr. Brown: Do you think thisfilm was better or worse than theone we saw last week?
Mrs. Brown: Well, I slept betterduring this one.
SALES TALK
Salesperson: These are thebest quality jeans on the market.
Mrs. Wilson: Are you surethey'renot the worst?
J
) )
AG -P4 -Lesson41 - 59
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
FAR FROM or A LONG WAY FROM?
)
It's important to rememberthat we generallyuse far from when we qualify it usingan intensifier or when the sentence is negative. If there are no intensifiers or the
sentence is affirmative, we usually use a long way from. Observe these four
examples:
My house is nof far trem the airport.
My house is very far from the airport.
My house is 50 far from the airport.
My house is a long way from the airport.
60 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE FORMS
Compare these sentences:
I joe is a good student. I NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE----Joe is a better student lhan Peter. COMPARATIVE SENTENCE
Remember this:
the comparative of the adjective good is better.
Compare these sentences now:
Carl is a bad driver. ~ON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE
Carl is a worse driver lhan Ann.
Remember this:
The comparative of the adjective bad is worse.
Take a look at this example:
1BOUGHT THI5 PICTURE BUT
NOW 1THINK 11'5 50 5TRANGE.
OH, YEAH, NOW 1T'5
MUCH BETTER.
r ) I
)
RG -P4 -Lesson 41 - 61
Read this sentence:
Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better than Tlna's,
Another way of saying this sentence is:
Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better.
)
In this sentence, Tina's grades are being compared to my grades. Becauseboth items being compared come before better (the comparative form of theadjective), than and its complements may be omitted.
Remember this:When the adjective comes between the items beingcompared, we use than directly after the adjective.
When both items being compared come before thecomparative of the adjective, than and itscomplements may be omitted.
11. IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVE FORMS
Compare these sentences:
) I Joe is a good student. I NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE
Joe is the best student in class.
Remember this:
The superlative of the adjective good is best.
62 - RG- P4 -lesson 41
Compare these sentences:
Carl is a bad driver.NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE
Carl is the worst driver I know.SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE
Remember this:
The superlative of the adJ'ective bsd iIS worst.
Take a look at this example:
I GOT A NEW MAZDA I
THINK IT'S THE BEST
CAR IN THE WORLDó
J'
TOO BAD YOU'RE
THE WORST DRIVER.
Now study the charts below:
, Two-syllableTwo-syllableadjectives
with er adjectiveswithmore
famouscrazier liredsimpler than exaclnobler more, recenl than
honeslurgent
)
)
RG- P4 -lesson 41 - 63
Two-syllableadjectives wither or more
cleverer cleverquieter than more quiet thancommoner commonsincerer sincere
Remember this:We form lhe comparative of some two-syllableadjectives by adding er to the end of the adjective andby putting than after it.
)
We form the comparative of some two-syllableadjectives by putting more before the adjective andthan after it.
We form the comparative of a few two-syllableadjectives in two ways:
adjective + er + thanor
more + adjective + than
)Now look at the charts below:
Two-syllable Two-syllableadjectives adjectiveswith est with most
famoustired
craziest exactthe simplest the most recenl
noblest honesturgent
64 - Rd - 1'4 - Lesson 41
Two-syllableadjectives withest or most
cleverest cleverthe quietest
the most quietcommonest commonsincerest sincere
Remember this:
We form the superlative of some two-syllableadjectives by adding est to the end of the adjective.
We form the superlative of some two-syllableadjectives by putting the most before them.
We Iorrn the superlative of a few two-syllableadjectives in two ways:
the + adjective + estor
the most + adjective
)
j )
RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 65
REMEMBER THIS?
)
good man bad man hot water cold water
long hair short hair
old car new car
dark clothes
weak man
youngwoman old woman
66 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41
Blowing in the Wind-~/~\~~.,-:: \~\,f-~, 11\\1f]~~-'?- .•. '\ " ~tj;fQ ~ if :{li -Xi~~,J;'I,--, - 'ç.....;;.: ~'1j ~ ~ _-=" ._ JI)
How rnarty' roads'must a man walk <lIo'wn 1Before you cal! him a man? :~ ~ VtU \Yes, and how man~ seas musl lhe while dove s~-e- Á~~~~)'"Before she sleeps m lhe sand? ~I~Y~li)Yes, and how many limes musl a cannonballfly'll r Jc. f)
v ('-" .~í)Before it forever is banned? ~ ~ '?n' _"yThe answer, my friend, is blowing in lhe wind~~~ \\(~):~t,
lhe answeris blowlng in lhe wind. J' ~.;:(~' 11, '.Yes, and how many years can a mounlain exist t:S 1\/lBefore it is washed to the sea? ~!t
- 'I>' 7Yes, and how many years can some people exi t (~
Before they're allowed to be fr~e? Uo'tt; IYes, and how many times can a man turn'hls tfeatL. \
And pretend that he just doesn't see? ~
The answer, my friend, is blowing in the "WiP$l '\ :\.J '
The answer is blowing in the wind.
dove-cannonb..•a711.....--b-ombBefore it forever is banned - Before the war is prohibiled
allowed - permittEid
)
!~ )
RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 69
TEXTJEALOUSY
)
D.: Your fiancé was at the busterminal today.
La.: Oh, real!y? What was hedoing there?
D.: When we saw him, he wasbuying a ticket.
La.: Was he alone?D.: No, he wasn't.
D.: He was with a redhead.La.: A redhead?1
D.: Yeah, they were talking andlaughing.
I
\ 70 _ RG - ,4 - ",,,,n "
hl sheI waved to un,O.: Whe,d\9 on to his armowas no I
O.: ...and nener.
'nteresting chatoO • We nad an I .She was really nlce.
\ .\
• Who was she7La..Laura- Are you
O.: Take ifth~a~~nt Sophie7jealouS Q IS
AG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 71
An Old Friend
Andrew: Mom, do you remember Paul? He was my classmate in highschool.
)Mrs. Windsor: I think so. Wasn't he that tall, handsome guy?
Andrew: Ves. And he was the most intelligent student in our class.
Mrs. Windsor: What about him?
Andrew: Well, I saw him this morning at the bus terminal.
Mrs. Windsor: Oh, reallyl What was he doing there?
I\ndrew: He was taking a bus. He looks a little bit older. He was with
a tall, blond woman.
lrs. Windsor: Who was she?
rdrew: I don't know. I think she was his girlfriend because of the way
she was holding his armo
'. Windsor: Did you talk to them?
lrew: No, when I saw them, they were getting on the bus. I just
waved to them.
72 - RG - P4 -t- Lesson 42
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:
Mrs. Wilson said, "I think Sob has aclass at 2."Mrs. Srown said, "Vou are right."
Mrs. Wilson said that she thoughtSob had a class at 2.Mrs. Srown said that she was right.
Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use he/she when we used I/youin the original statement.
( D
RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 73
11.THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. Affirmative form
Look at this sentence:
I was talking to Sue when Sob arrived.
Was talking is in the past continuous tense. How is this tense formed?
was=r:
to be in lhe past + -ing lorm 01lhe main verb
) Remember this:
~
To form the past continuous tense, we use the verbto be in the past and the -ing form of the main verbo
Now look at another sentence in the past continuous tense:
John was st1udYingwhen his fathe=.:.ome.
longer action shorter actíon
Remember this:
When two actions, one longer than the other, óccur atthe same time in the past, the longer action isexpressed in the past continuous tense and theshorter action is expressed in the simple past tense.
Look aI Ihis olher exarnple:
)
Sue: It was like a drearn, Sue: ...when Karla came andMorn.Sob and Iwere talking took him away.in the park...
74 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 42
B. Interrogative form
Compare these sentences:
He was eating when vou got home.1 AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I Was he eatlng when vou got home? I
Now take a look at how we form the interrogative sentence:
I~he ! eating when vou got homear-•...... '"
.... --'
Remember this:
We form the interrogative by inverting the verb to beand the subject.
Take a look at this example:
Woman on lhe left: Butwhat was he doing when the thief brokethe window?Woman on lhe righl: Guessl
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 75
c. Negative form
Compare these sentences:
--, ~He was buying tickets when i saw him.1 ~RM)
He was nol buying tickets when I saw him. ~
)Look at how we form the negative sentence:
Remember this:
We form the negativeby placing not after the verb to be.
Look at this example:
)
Tommy: I think vou have a hearing problem, Mr. Charmlchael...That's the third time my mom wasn't calling me.
76 - RG - P4 -lesson 42
Now look at this:
Mary was wrltlng a letter when Hugh arrived.
Hugh arrived when Mary was writlng a letter.
The shorter action can come before or after the longeraction.Note
l
)
78 - RG - P4 - lesson 43
LESSON43WORDS IN A CTION
mushrooms
pizza
( )
pepperoni pizza
)
purse
RG - P4 - lesson 43 - 79
TEXTTHE M/SS/NG PURSE
K.: How was Monica's birthdayparty?
R.: It was pretty good, except fora small incident.
B.: When Pam was sayinggood-bye,she realized her purse.was missing.
B.: We looked everywhere, butwe couldn't find it.
DI.: Do you think someone tookit during the party?
R.: Well, as a matter of fact,when Linda was leaving, shetook it by mistake.
80 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43
R.: Later on, she turned up atthe party again, looking veryembarrassed.
K.: Oh, Undais so absent-minded.
Di.: Well, I'm glad everythingturned out OK.
Clerk.: Is the pepperoni pizza'yours, ma'am?K.: No, it's hers.
K.: The cheese pizza is theirs. K: Mine is the mushroom.
( )
RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 81
) Steve: Say, Tom, did you go to Stella's Halloween party?
Tom: Yes, I did.
Steve: How was it?
Tom: It was pretty good, except for one small incident.
Steve: Whathappened?
Tom: When Patrick was ready to go home, he realized his house keys
were missing. We looked everywhere, but we couldn't find them.
Steve: How did Patrick get into his house?
Tom: Well, as a matter of fact, when Cathy was leaving, she took Patrick's
keys by mistake. They were next to her purse and she thought they
were hers. Later, she turned up again with the keys in her hands.
She was really embarrassed.
Steve: Oh, Cathy is really absent-minded. Well, I'm glad to know
everything turned out OK.
t's-:Lesson4J
k.: Oh U -, nda ts So ab -~.J
Sent-rninded. (
THE SALESPERSON SAIO
THATTHATWAS THE ONLY
BLACK PURSE THEY HAO.
.speech to indirect speech.
C1erk· IYOurs" S the PeI{. ,rna'arn? pperoni .
'. No, it's h ' PIZZaers.
mly black
rs the only
speech, we use that when this was used in11statement.
;t speech, we use they when we or Vou werethe original statement.
1(. M''. me is the
rnUShroorn.
U j
RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 63
Now look at another example where the same rules apply:
Direct Speech: Mr. Smith said, "This is the most expensive car we have."
Indirect Speech: Mr. Smith said thatthat was the mostexpensivecar they had.
11. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Pay attention to the following conversation:
"How was your day?"
"Fine. And how was yours?"
In the second sentence, the possessive pronoun yours is replacing thepossessive adjective your and the noun day.
Take a look at the chart:
Personal Possessive PossessivePronouns Adjectives Pronouns
I my mine
vou your yours
he his his
she her hers
it its --we our ours
Vou your yours
they their theirs
Note: There is not a possessive pronoun corresponding to it.
84 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43
Remember this:
A possessive pronoun is used to replace a possessiveadjective + a noun.
Now take a look at these examples:
1THINK THI5 15
YOURS. ( )
! )'
1
RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 85
111. THE MODAL VERB COULD
A. Affirmative form
Look at these sentences:
I Tom can run 100 meters in 20' seconds·1 ~
) When Tom was 21, he could run 100 meters in 12 seconds. ~
Remember this:
~
Note ~
I Could is the past tense of cano
The form could is used for ali persons (singular andplural).
Look at these examples:
When I was a child, I could watch TV ali day long.
She could sing very well when she was a kid.
B. Interrogative form
Now look at these sentences:
I Tina could read when she was four. I ~~
Could Tina read when she was four?
86 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43
Look at the transformations:
Ic€o~~Tina "....••. - -"""
read when she was four ®!==Remember this:
To form the interrogative, we place could before thesubject. '
Look at the example:
Could you find your watch?
C. Negative form
Compare these sentences:
I My grandfather could hear very welL I ~
I My grandfather could not hear very welLI ~
Look at the transformations:
hear very welL
Remember this:
To form the ne~ative, we place not immediately aftercould. .
)
)
. ,RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 87
Look at the examples:
When I was 21, I could not speak Italian, but I could speak English.
When Bob was 10, he could not go to school alone.
Now look at this:
I couldn't hear what he said.
Look at the transformations:
1.1 ~ see Johnny at the party.1
II ~ see Johnny at the party.1
Remember this:
The contracted form for could not is couldn't.
Look at the example:
)MY SON IS CAMPING OUT
ANO I WAS SO WORRIEO
THAT I COULDN'T SLEEP
LASTNIGHT.
82 - AG - P4 - Lesson 43
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:r---------------------------~THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK
PUASE WE HAVE.
THE SALESPEASON SAIO
THATTHATWAS THE ONLY
BLACK PUASE THEY HAO.
THE SALESPERSON SAIO,
"THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK
PURSE WE HAVE."
Take a look at the chançes trom direct speech to indirect speech.
The salesperson said, "This is the only blackpurse we have."
The salesperson said that that was the onlyblack purse they had.
Remember this:In indirect speech, we use that when this was used inthe original statement.
In indirect speech, we use they when we or you wereused in the original statement.
90 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44
TEXTS/TUATIONSSTlLL IN DEBT
Cllent: To pay off my last bankloan.
Manager: What can I do foryou?Cllent: I would like to borrow$9,754.Manager: What for, sir?
HOW DISAPPOINTlNG!~r===~~~~ --~~~----~
Husband: Here we are, honey.Our new house.
. AiWife: Oh, Joe, it's... it's gorgeousl
Husband: Sorry 10 disappoinlyou, honey, but you're looking atlhe wrong house.Ours is that one.
) )
) )
RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 91
WANT TO COME ALONG?·
Young man: We're going roller-skaling lonight. Do you wanl 10come along?
Young woman: I'd like 10, but Ican't. I have 10 study for lhe SAT.
THEY'RE REALL Y LOSING
Wife: Would you like somelhing10 drink?
Husband: Give Ihem a doubleScolch. They need it. We'rebealing Ihem 2,98010740.
92 - R(3 - P4 - Lesson 44
A manin debt
Mr. Winslow: Who's that man over Ihere?
Ms. Thompson: Oh, Ihal's:Mr. Williams. He's one of our clienls. He's usually
in debt.
Mr. Winslow: Why is he lalking 10 Mr. Jensen?
Ms. Thompson: He wanls 10 borrow some money. Probably 10 pay off his lasl
loan.
Would you like to join us?
Daniel: We're going roller-skaling lonigh\. Would you like 10 come
along?
I'd like 10, but I can't. Daisy and I are going 10 play cards wilh •
Alfred and his wife.
Why don't you play cards tornorrow nighl? Come roller-skaling
with us lonight.
No. We wanl 10play cards lonighl because lasl nighl thsy beat
us 3,45010 750.
Larry:
Daniel:
Larry:
How disappointing!
Mrs. Williams: Tom. Vou got a 100 on your tes\. Greal!
Tom: Sorry 10disappoinl you, Mom, bul Ihis is Mike's test. I gol a 55.
)
)
AG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 93
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
NUMBERS
Look at the way we say numbers composed of four digits:
1,000 - One thousand
) 1,200 - One thousand, two hundred
1,230 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty
1,235 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty-five
Look at the examples:
"How much does this car cost?"
"ltcosts $8,474 (eight thousand, four hundred and seventy-four doliars)."
There were 5,456 (five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six) people at the game.
)Remember that with numbers composed of four digits that end in two zeros, wecan also say the first two digits and then the word hundred.
1,500 - One thousand, five hundred
or
1,500 - Fifteen hundred
94 _ RG - P4 - L9SSOIl 44
PRACT\CAL GRAMMAR
l. WOULDUKE
A. Affirmative form
Compare mese sentences:
, want a steak.
, wou'd nke a steal<.
Remember this:
\NFORMAL REQUEST
When asking for something, it's more polite to use
'" would lil<e•.. " than "I want •.. "
Now compare these sentences:
I would III<e a sleak. ~
I'd Uke a steak.
Lool< at the transformations:
\would Uke
~asteak.
RG - P4 - Lesson 44 ....,95
Observe this chart
)
like to pay off the debt.
FULL CONTRACTEDFORMFORM1 would I'd
You'dHe'd
She'd
like some Scotch.Vou wouldHe would
She would
It would be a good solution.
We would We'dYou'd
They'dVou would
They would
Take a 1001< at the following example:
WHY?, WHATDID
SHEDOHISTIME?
B. Interrogative form
Compare these sentencés:
[ She would IIke a steak.1
I Would she IIke a steak? I
Now look at the transformations:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
INTERROGATIVE FORM
she llke a steak
- - -.,,"'
96 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44
Remember this:
The interrogative is formed by Inverting would and thesubject.
Look at another example:
ANOWHATWOULDVOU LIKE WITH VOUR
LOBSTER?
C. Negative form
Pay attention to this sentence:
[ I would no. lik. to work 00 satumays,j ~
Remember this:
The negative is formed by placing not after would.
Now compare these sentences:
I would not like to llve in a big city.
I wouldn't like to live in a big city.
1.1)I I
I I j
RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 97
Look at the transformations:
II~ tOliveinabigcity·1
I~to livein a big city.
Note ~ I Wouldn't is used with ali persons.
Look at this example:
I WOULDN'T LIKE TO SESHEILA WHEN HER FATHER
SEESTHIS.
.' .'.
100 - RG - P4 - Lessen 45
TEXT
IF I WIN THE LOTTERY. ..----.----,~~~~11921" SUPER I.OTTO'1.2"1243242 243242
Mrs. R.: I bought you a lotteryticket.D.: Great!
D.: My numbers are 1, 19, 21,24, 32, and 42.C.: Good luck.
C.: The prize is $1,000,000. C.: What will you do il you win alithat money?
D.: 1I I win, 1'11 take a trip aroundthe world.
C.: II Alice wants to go with you,will you take her?D.: 01 course I will.
) )
RG - P4 - Lessen 45 -101
)D.: We'lI travei ali over Europe. C.: Sorry, Dan. Forget about Alice.Then we'lI go to Asia, Africa, andSouth America.
D.: Why?C.: She'lI only go if she can takeher older brother.
D.: Well, then, Ican pick someoneelse to go with me.
C.: Who? D.: Maybe Click. He doesn't havean older brother.
102 - RG - P4 - Lesson 45
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
Henry:
Camilla:
A lottery ticket
My mother bought a lottery ticket lor me.
That was a good idea.
My numbers are 5, 12, 22, 33, 37, and 46 and the prize is
$2,000.000!
What will you do il you win ali that money?
II I win, 1'11 travei to Europe, Asia, and Alrica.
Will you travei to South America too?
Yes. As a matter 01 lact, I think 1'11 take a trip around the world.
Will you go alone?
No, 1'11 probably take someone with me.
Who will you take il you win?
1'11 take my mother.
Are you sure she'd like to go?
01 course, she would. She loves to traveI.
Well. Good luck.
( )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 103
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDlRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:
)
Pam sald, "ls your brother travelingaround Europe,Bob?"
Pam asked Bob ir his brother wastraveling around Europe.
Look aI lhe Iransformation:
)
Pam said, "Is your brother traveling around Europe, Bob?"
lPam asked Bob if his brother was traveling around Europe.
Remember this:In indirect speech, we use asked instead of said whenwe are reporting a questiono
In indirect speech, the word if is used when we areintroducing a yes-no questiono that is, a questionwhose answer begins with yes or no.
104 - RG - P4 - Lessem 45
Now look at the other transformations:
Pam sald, "Is YOrother trav~ around Europe, Bob?"
Pam asked Bob if hls brother was travellng around Europe.
Remember this:In indirect speech, '!Ie use hlslher when my/your wasused in the original statement.
In indirect speech, we use the past contlnuous tensewhen the present contlnuous tense was used in theoriginal statement.
11. (IF + PRESENT) .•. WILL
Look at this example:
If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe.
This sentence is divided in two parts. The first part (If I have the money) beginswith if and expresses a condition. The second part (I will travei to Europe)expresses a possible future occurrence.
Observe the sentence again:
If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe.
\~ ~-:--~if simple present simple future
(condition) (possible future occurrence)
)
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 105
Remember this:
When we talk about something that may happen inthe future if a certain condition is met, that is, apossible future occurrence, we use the simple presenttense in the part of the sentence that expressescondition, and the simple future tense in the part thatsays what may happen.
)Take a look at these examples:
If I have the time, I wlll go to the movies tomorrow.
If Tina arrlves early, we wlll go to the party.
Note
I will give vou a present if vou study.
The part of the sentence that expresses condition canbe in the initial or final position.
If vou study, I will give vou a present.
or
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 46 - 109
TEXTIF I HAD ... I WOULD ...
Mrs. R.: Look.There'slhedaughterof Ronald Grag, the millionaire.
Mrs. R.: She's so elegant.
Mrs. R.: What a fantastic life shemust have.
Mr. R.: Would you like to haveali that money?Mrs. R.: I sure would.
Mrs. R.: If I had her money, alimy dreams would come true.
Mrs. R.: First I'd buy a limousine,a mansion in the country and ahouse on the bsach.
. 110 - RG - P4 - Lesson 46
Mrs. R.: Then I'd become lheowner of a major airline.
Mr. R.: But honey, would youspend your whole life just buyingand buying ...?Mrs. R.: No, I wouldn't.
Mrs. R.: If I were Ronald Grag'sdaughter, I'd also marry ahandsome mano
Mr. R.: And who would thatlucky guy be?
Mrs. R.: Do you want to knowthe truth?Mr. R.: Yes, I do!
Mrs. R: Oh, darling, it would beyou.
RG- P4- Lesson46-111
Daniel:
Dave:
Daniel:) ( ) Dave:
Daniel:
Dave:
Daniel:
Dave:
Daniel:
A great friend
Hey, Dave. Look at that guy.
Who is he?
That's Wellington McMillan, the millionaire.
He's very elegan!.
He must have a fantastic life. Parties, trips around the world, ....
Would you like to have ali that money, Dan?
I certainly would. If I had ali that money, ali my dreams would cometrue.
What would you do with ali that money?
First, I'd travei ali over the States, then I'd buy a big house in thecountry, a mansion on the beach, and some cars. And I'd like tobecome the owner of a major airline.
Would you'buy things for your friends?
Yes, I would buy something for ali of my friends. What would youlike to have?
I'd like to be the owner of a supermarket.
Then I'd buy one for you.
And what would you buy for Alice?
I'd buy her a beautiful house with a fantastic yard full of beautifulflowers and trees.
And would you marry Alice?
Yes, Iwould marry Alice. We would live in that beautiful house, and.we would have one son and two daughtars.
Dave: Does Alice know about ali this?
Daniel: No. Aftar I bacoma rich, 1'11tell her about my plans.
Dave:
Daniel:
Dave:
Daniel:
J ) Dave:
Daniel:
Dave:
Daniel:
112- RG - P4 - Lesson46
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at these sentences:
Mom saído "Are these jewels for me?" Mom asked íf Ihose jewels were for her.
Now compare these sentences:
Mr. Hasek said, "Are these books for me?"
I Mr. Hasek asked if those books were for him. I QNDI§~T~S~~Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use those when these wasused in the original statement.
In indirect speech, we use him or her when me or Vouwas used in the original statement.
)
)
RG -P4-Lesson 46- 113
11. (IF + PAST) •.• WOULD
Look at this situation:
Tom has a car, but it's not a new one. He is trying to save up money to buy anew one, but he doesn't have enough money now. 50, listen to what Tom saysabout buying a caro
If I had the money, I would buy a new caro
) In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in thepresent.Tom doesn't have enough money to buy a new car now, so he won'tbuy one. If he had the money, he would buy one.
Look at the sentence again:
If I had the money, I WOUld"Z. a new caro\ ---:\ .
if simple past conditional(condition) (unreal or imaginary situation
in the present)
Remember this:When we want to talk about an unreal or imaginarysituation in the present, we use lhe past tense in thepart of the sentence that expresses cóndition and the .conditional (would + infinitive without to) in the partwhich expresses what would happen if that conditionwere met.
)
Take a look at these examples:
If Tina studled, she would get very good grades.
If 5arah had time, she would help vou.
114 - RG - P4 - tesson 46
Now look at these axamples:
If I were you, I'd look for another job.
If Mary were hera, she'd know what to do.
Note ~When we usa if + the past tense of the verb to be, wehave to use were for ali persons.
Pay attention tothis example:
THESOUP ISTOOCOLD.
BUTIFIWEREVOU 1WOULDN'T
GET ANGRY
c[) .ABOUT IT~
~i I
)
() )
RG - P4 - Lessen 46 -115
) HE'S TRYING TO SINGTHE BABY TO SLEEP.
WHY IS FATHER SINGINGSO MUCH TONIGHT?
116- RG - P4- Lesson 46 RG - P4 - Lesson 46 -117
From this valley they say you are going,We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile,For they say you are taking the sunshineThat brightens our pathway awhile.Come and sit by my side if you love me,Do not hasten to bid me adieu,
Sut rernernber the Red River Válley ,~nd/tl:le cowboy that loved you so true.
l\
Won't you think of the valley you're leaving,Oh, how lonely, how sad it will be. I
Oh, think of the fond heart you're breaking~nd th.egrief you are causing me.Come and sit by my side if you love me,I:?0 not hasten to bid me adieu,Sut remember the Red River Valley
,And the cowboy that loved you so true,. - -
... - -~
to bid - to sayadieu - good-byefond -Ioving
- -- Gently spread caviar on crackersor buttered toasts.
120 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47
TEXT
S/TUATlONS
BA THROOM OL YMP/CS
Mother: What are you doing inthe bathtub? Stop that rightaway.
Son: Mom, if I don'! practice, 1'11never be an Olympic swimmer.
/N THE HALL WA Y
Man on the left: If I were you,I'd look for another job.Man on the right: Why?
Man on lhe Jeft: This elevatorisn'toutof order.You're here to fix tha!one.
) )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 121
A FUTURE BUS/NESSMAN
Father: Look at tha!. II I had alotol money, I'd buy aconvertible.
Son: Ir you want, 1'11trade minefor a Popsicle and some candy.
SMART SON, CLEVER MOTHER
J
Mother: If you have time, willyou pick up your sister atschool?Son: Sure, Mom.
Son: But you'lI have to lend me$20 to put gas in the caroMother: Forget it, Joe. 1'11pickher up.
122 - RG - P4'- Lesson 47
Mark:
John:
Mark:
John:
Barry:
Helen:
There's nothing Iike a hot bath
I'm really tired. There's nothing better than a hot bath after a long
day at work.I think 50 too, but I don't have a bathtub in my apartment, 50 I have
to be happy with a hot shower.
Why don't you move to a house with a bathtub?
It's not that easy, Mark. But you can be sure that when I buy a
house, it will have a bathtub.
In the hal/way
Honey, who's that tall girl near the elevator?
That's Jane Evans, the Olympic swimmer. She's here to practice
for the Olympic Games next month.
The red convertible
Melissa: Aren't you going home, Sally?
Sally: I'm waiting for my boyfrlend. He told me he would pick me up here.
Melissa: Does he still have that Mazda?
Sally: No. Now he has a red Mercedes convertible.
Melissa: Wow! It must be beautiful.Sally: It is. He's like a baby with a new toy. Oh, there he ls. Bye, Melissa.
Melissa: Bye, Sally.
( )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 123
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
REVIEW OF IF~CLAUSES
A. (If + present) ... will
Look at this situation:
)Tom wants to go to New York on his next vacation, but he doesn't have enoughmoney now. He's saving money and so it's possible that he'tl have enoughmoney for his vacation next summer. Payattention to what Tom says:
If I have enough money, I wlll 90 to New York.
In this sentence, we are talking about a possible future occurrence, that ls,something that may happen in the future if a certain condition is met. Tom willonly go to New York on his next vacation, if he saves enough money.
Remember this:When we talk about something that may happen in thefuture if a certain condition is met, that ls, a possiblefuture occurence, we use lhe simple present tense inthe part of the sentence that expresses condition andthe simple future tense in the part that says what mayhappen.
)
Take a look at these other examples:
If it's a nice day tomorrow, 1'1190 to.the beach.
If I travei to San Francisco, 1'11vlslt Chinatown.
124 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47
B. (If + past) ... would
Look at this situation now:
Some friends of Jerry's are going to New York. Jerry wants to go with them,but he doesn't have enough money. Since his friends are leaving today, it'simpossible for Jerry to go with them. Pay attention to what Jerry says:
If I had enough money, I would go to New York.
In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in thepresent. Jerry doesn't have enough money, so he won't go to New York.
Remember this:
When we talk about an unreal or imaginary situationin the present, we use the past tense in the part of thesentence that expresses condition and the conditional(would + infinitive without to) in the part whichexpresses what would happen if that condition weremel.
Take a look at some other examples:
If Mary studied more, she would get better grades.
If it weren't raining, I'd ride my bike.
When we use if + the past tense of the verb to be, weuse were for ali persons.
Note
Look at the examples:
If I were rich, I'd buy a big house.
If Sarah were a millionaire, she'd take a tríp around the world.
)
,)
126 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48
LESSON48WORDS IN ACTION
( )bread eye
hand rye bread
)
turkey
128 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48
TEXTSITUATIONS
ACCIDENTALL Y OR ON PURPOSE?
-Mother: Were you two fightingagain?Boy In yellow: No, we weren't.
Boy In yellow: While we wereplaying, his eye hit my fistandmine hit his fist.
A L/TTLE WHITE L/E
Father:.Son, what were you doingwith the lights off? Sleepinginstead of studying?
Son: No, I was just saving onelectricity. Why did you turn thelights on?
) )
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RG - P4 - Lesson 48 - 129
LUNCHTlME
Customer: I'd like a turkeysandwich, please.Clerk: On white or rye?Customer: White.
Clerk: For here or to go?Customer: For here, please.
A LAZYGUY
Man on lhe left: Too bad it isn'training.Man on the right: Why?
Man on lhe left: Because if itwere raining, I wouldn't have towash my fiancée's caro
130 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48
Ted:
Bart:
Melanie:
Alex:
Melanie:
Is he telling the truth?
What happened to your eye? 11 looks Iike someone hit vou.
Well, when I was going into the boss's office this afternoon, I didn'trealize the door was closed and accidentally walked into it.
A turkey sandwich
Honey, I want to eat a turkey sandwich on rye bread and a pieceof lemon pie. Could Vou go to that coffee shop on Lincoln Street
and buy me one?But, dear, it's raining.
I know, honey, but...
(et lhe test-tood restaurant)
Clerk:
Alex:
Clerk:
Alex:
Clerk:
Alex:
What would vou like, sir?
A turkey sandwich, please.
On white or rye?
Rye.
For here or to go?
To go, please.
Mrs. Wilson's lesson
Mrs. Wilson: Andrew, why didn't Vou turn the Iights off when vou left lhehouse? Our electric bill last monlh was really high. If vou turn off
the lights, we can save on electricity.Andrew: Sorry, Mom. I didn't do it on purpose. I just forgot 10 turn them off.
í) / )
)
RG - P4 - Lesson 48 -131
FURTHER USE OF ENGlISH
In this lesson we learned the phrasal verbs turn on and tum o". When thesephrasal verbs are followed by an object, the object can be at the end oí lhephrasal verb or between the words. For example, vou can say:
turn the Iights on
or
turn on the Iights
However, if this object is a personal pronoun (me, vou, him, her,...) it has tobe placed between the two words. For example, Vou have to say:
Why are vou reading with the lights off? Turn them on, Joe.
Here are some other phrasal verbs that you've learned which are in the samegroup:
to drop off - Where will vou drop off the car?Where will Vou drop the car off?
to pay off - I think 1'11 pay off my loan next monlh.I think 1'11 pay my loan off next monlh.
to pick up - Can vou pick up your sister at school?Can vou pick your sister up at school?
) to put away - Tim, come here and put away your toys.Tim, come here and put your toys away,
to turn off - Why did vou turn off the Iights?Why did vou turn the Iights off?