Presented by:

Patrick Davison,

MHI Director of Standards

Industry Standards in Material Handling

© 2016 MHI® Copyright claimed for audiovisual works and sound recordings of seminar sessions. All rights reserved.

Topics

• What is a standard?

• How are standards developed?

• What is MHI’s role in standards development?

• How are standards benefiting material handling activities?

• How can MHI better serve industry through standards?

• Questions & Answers

What is a standard?

What is a standard?

ISO (iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm):

A standard is a document that provides

requirements, specifications, guidelines or

characteristics that can be used consistently to

ensure that materials, products, processes and

services are fit for their purpose.

ANSI (as defined by ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004):

A standard is a document, established by

consensus that provides rules, guidelines or

characteristics for activities or their results.

A standard…

• Provides normative and informative guidance on a specific topic

• Is developed through a consensus process

• Is drafted by a volunteer committee of representatives of concerned interests such as manufacturers, users, regulators, suppliers, integrators, consultants, or academia

• Is developed under the auspices of an accreditation organization who provides rules guidance on the standards development process

• Provides a voluntary means to achieve a desired outcome

• Can become law when adopted by a regulatory agency

Put another way…

A standard demonstrates that a

product, service, or process:

• Is suitable for intended use

– Durability, performance,

quality, tolerances

• Meets applicable regulatory

requirements

– Building, food, plumbing

or electrical codes

– Safety

A standard could tell us that a hammer is the wrong tool

for driving screws

Standards are everywhere

Why do screws tighten clockwise? Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet

(1803 – 1887)

Developer of the British

Standard Whitworth for

screw threads (1841).

Standards: Information comes in two flavors

Normative: What you need to do to comply.

• Normative text describes the scope and sets provisions

• Look for “shall” or “may” statements

• Sometimes referred to as the “Specification” portion of a

standard

Standards: Information comes in two flavors

Informative: What you ought to know or do.

• Informative guidance provide useful data but do

not set forth requirements

• Look for “should” statements

• Notes are informative

• Annexes can be normative

or informative

• Sometimes referred to as

“Commentary”

Normative – Expression of

Provisions

Shall Required (Shall not use “must”)

Should Recommended

May Permitted

Can Possible or capable

Need not Not required

Shall not Not permitted (Shall not use “may not”)

NOTE — All notes are informative and are used to provide additional information or explanation of concepts.

None shall pass!

Passing

shall

not occur!

Consensus General agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by any important part of the concerned interests and by a process that involves seeking to take into account the views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments. Consensus implies more than a majority, but need not achieve unanimity.

Accreditations: ANSI and ISO American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

“empowers its members and constituents to

strengthen the U.S. marketplace position in the global

economy while helping to assure the safety and

health of consumers and the protection of the

environment.”

International Organization of Standardization

An NGO of 162 national standards bodies that brings

experts together to share knowledge and develop

voluntary, consensus-based, market relevant

International Standards that support innovation and

provide solutions to global challenges.

ANSI • ANSI accredits standards developers (such as MHI)

to write voluntary American National Standards

• Emphasizes Essential Requirements for

Due Process

– Openness

– Lack of Dominance

– Balance

– Consensus

• ANSI does not:

– Determine the necessity of a standard

– Suggest a proper format or style

• Standards developers have drafted “standard standards”

– Judge the technical content of a standard

ANSI Standards Framework

ANSI Standards are

based on market

demand without technical

content oversight.

ANSI accredits

Standards Development

Organizations (SDOs) for

a specific purpose.

There is no requirement

for agreement between

SDOs (though there is

often cooperation).

ANSI oversight is to its

processes and

development procedures.

What does ANSI require of

standards? ANSI Essential Requirements includes provisions on:

• Patents

Licenses shall be available to any interested party

• Commercial Terms and Conditions

There are no guarantee or warranty provisions in standards

• Antitrust Provisions

• Interpretations Policy

Standards developers shall

declare whether they provide

interpretations (MHI does not)

• Metric Policy

SI Units are preferred Inch by inch, the U.S. is adopting the

metric system

Typical ANSI standard process

ISO follows a different,

albeit similar, multi-stage

approval process

Project Initiation

Draft Preparation

Draft Approval

Consensus Body

Consideration

Consensus Body

Approval

Public Comment

Comment Resolution

Completion

~5

years

Dra

fting

Co

mm

ittee

Ap

pro

val C

om

mitte

e

(Co

nsen

su

s B

od

y)

ISO Standards Framework

TC 122 Packaging ...

ISO… Standardization is highly structured

and organized to minimize overlapping scopes.

Standards are supposed to use the work of other standards (and not “reinvent the wheel”).

...

TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT BOARD

...

SC3

SC3

SC3

SC3

... WG6 Pallet

dimensions & terminology

SC1 Sizes and

dimensions

ISO 2206 ISO 2248 ISO 8317 ISO 2233 ISO 2873 ISO 8318 ISO 2234 ISO 2875 ISO 8474 ISO 2244 ISO 2876 ISO 8768 ISO 2247 ISO 4180 ….

SC3

SC3

SC3

SC3

... WG2 Methods of

test for pallets

SC3 Testing

standards

For harmonized standards (EN ISO), CEN Consultants (technical experts) review the content to judge whether the standard complies with the various EU Directives.

TC 51 Pallets for Unit Loads

16 total standards

ISO Standards • Voting: one Participating (P-) country;

one vote

– P-countries can lose status through inaction

– Observing (O-) countries do not vote

• Content and format is required to comply with ISO/IEC

Directives, Part 2

• In many cases, ISO standards are adopted by national

or multinational regulatory bodies and thus are law

– Machinery Directive (EU) requires machine

manufacturers to comply with applicable

standards (as evidenced by the CE Mark)

What does ISO included in a standard?

According to ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, a standard has the

following contents and structure:

• Preliminary informative elements

Title page, TOC, foreword,

introduction

• General normative elements

Scope, references

• Technical normative elements

Definitions, symbols,

requirements, test methods, marking, documentation

• Normative annexes

• Informative supplementary elements

Informative annexes, bibliography, notes, examples

Standards and Regulatory Compliance National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (Public Law 104-113, enacted 1996

• Requires U.S. federal agencies to use voluntary consensus standards to the extent possible.

General Duty Clause Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970, Sec 5 (a) Each employer –

(1) Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;

(2) Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.

(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational health standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

* Emphasis added

ANSI, ISO and OSHA Comparison

• ISO standards do not provide guidance to users, under the

assumption that countries will have specific regulatory

requirements

• OSHA standards apply only to employers (users)

ANSI ISO OSHA

Compliance Requirement Voluntary(ish) Voluntary in U.S. Mandatory

Comprehensive Yes Yes No

Periodically Updated Yes Yes No

Who do standards concern?

Manufacturer/Designer X X

Integrator/Installer X X

User X X

MHI and Standards Activities

Industry Group Standards MH Committee Standards TAG for ISO Standards

ANSI/MH1 Pallets for Unit Loads

ANSI/MH10 Packages for Unit Loads

ISO/TC 51 Pallets for Unit Loads

ISO/TC 122 Packaging

ISO/TC 104 Freight Containers

MHI Portfolio of IG Standards and

Specifications

Racks and Shelves

Dock Levelers

Carousels

Scissor Lifts Casters

Monorail Cranes

Girder Cranes AGVs

MH Committee and ISO Standards

MH1

Pallets, Slip Sheets,

and Other Bases for

Unit Loads

ISO TC 51:

Pallets for Unit

Load Method of

Material Handling

MH10

Unit Loads and

Transport-

Packages

(9 standards)

ISO TC 122:

Packaging

ISO TC 104:

Shipping

Containers

MHI Industry Group Standards IG Standard No. Date Description

AGVS ANSI B56.5 2012 Driverless Vehicle Safety

AS/RS ANSI MH24.1 2005 Horizontal Carousel Safety

CMAA CMAA 70 2015 Multiple Girder Cranes

CMAA CMAA 74 2015 Single Girder Cranes

CMAA CMAA 78 2002 Crane & Hoist Service

CMAA CMAA 79 2012 Crane Operators Manual

ECMA ANSI ECMA 15-2010 2010 Cable-less Control for Cranes

ICWM ANSI/ICWM-2012 2012 Wheels & Casters

LIFT ANSI MH29.1-2012 2012 Scissor Lift Safety

LODEM ANSI MH30.1 -2015 2015 Dock Leveling Devices

LODEM ANSI MH30.2-2015 2015 Portable Dock Leveling Devices

LODEM ANSI MH30.3-2015 2015 Vehicle Restraining Devices

MMA ANSI MH27.1-2003 (R2009) 2009 Patented Track Monorail Cranes

MMA ANSI MH27.2-2003 (R2009) 2009 Enclosed Track Monorail Cranes

RMI ANSI MH16.1-2011 2012 Steel Storage Racks

RMI ANSI MH16.3-2016 2015 Cantilever Racks

RMI ANSI MH26.2-2007 2007 Wire Decks

SMA ANSI MH28.2-2012 2012 Wood & Metal Shelving

SMA ANSI MH28.3-2009 2009 Industrial Steel Work Platforms

Available at

mhi.org/standards

MHI Continuous Maintenance Standards IG Standard No. Date Description

MH1 MH1 2005 Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads

MH10 MH10.8.1 2005 Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Used in Shipping,

Receiving, and Transport Applications

MH10 MH10.8.2 2010 Data Identifier and Application Identifier Standard

MH10 MH10.8.3 2002 Transfer Data Syntax for High Capacity ADC Media

MH10 MH10.8.6 2003 Bar Codes and Two-Dimensional (2D) Symbols for Product Packaging

MH10 MH10.8.7 2005 Labeling and Direct Product Marking with Linear Bar Code and Two-

Dimensional Symbols

MH10 MH10.8.8 2006 Radio Frequency Identification for Packages, Parcels, and Flat Mail

MH10 MH10.8.12 2011 American National Standard for Material Handling - Component marking

MH10 MH10.8.15 2011 American National Standard for Material Handling - Specification for XML

Reader Output from ISO/IEC 15434 formatted AIDC Media

Available at

mhi.org/standards

The MHI Standards Universe

10 Industry Groups

~20 Active and

Developing Standards

4 Non-Accredited

CMAA Specifications

2 CM Committees

6 MH10 Subcommittees

11 Active Standards

3 TCs

(TC 51, 104, 122)

28 Working Groups

95 International Standards

ANSI Industry Groups

ANSI Continuous Maintenance

ISO

• Require hundreds, if not thousands

of hours of volunteer time to prepare

• Are expensive (IEEE: $1.5bn/yr)

• Take several years to write

• Can be cumbersome, confusing, and contradictory

• Are often ignored or misinterpreted

The downside of standards…

DIN (Germany)

• Standards contribute more to economic growth

than patents or licenses

• Have strategic significance to companies

• Companies involved in standardization get a head start on their

competition

• R&D costs decrease

• Standards stimulate innovation

AFNOR (France)

• Companies involved in standardization reap benefits in

company value, innovation, ethics, globalization, and quality

Standards Australia

• “…Standards are a key mechanism for

the diffusion of technological knowledge

and therefore a key component of productivity.”

Standards: Why bother?

What does MHI need to do to use

standards to better serve industry?

• At MHI, standards development is old, but the role of standards developer is new.

– Opportunities (!) (?)

• Information available: mhi.org/standards

– Need easier navigation and better visibility

• Participation

– Always in need of Canvass committee members

• Promotion and Events

– Improved communication on Certification Programs

– Symposia or events to spread the word

Operations & Safety Symposium – Concept

In 2017, MHI plans to launch a Material Handling Operations and Safety Symposium. We are currently soliciting interest, member engagement, and potential topics or sessions. • MHI develops national and international standards and specifications for a

variety of material handling equipment and applications.

• MHI member companies supply equipment and expertise that enables warehouses, supply chains, and material handling applications to operate safely.

• An MH Operations & Safety Symposium will provide an engagement opportunity for MHI members and other material handling and supply chain professionals.

• Input on speakers, format, and topics is welcomed.

For More Information:

Speaker email: pdavison@mhi.org

Website: www.mhi.org/standards

Or visit MODEX 2015 Booth 3587