Post on 04-Apr-2018
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Individual Rights: The
Individual in GlobalPoliticsBy Mohamed Rizwan & Gerald Tham
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Human Rights?
Does everyone deserve basic human
rights?
Fundamental rights to which a
person is inherently entitled simplybecause she or he is a human being
Ex. Freedom of Religion, Speech,
Education, etc.
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In the Past
Sovereign states enjoyed unlimited legal power over those
living in their territory.
States treated individuals as subjects.
Domestic affairs of one country is not the business of
another country.
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In the Past
The idea of Human Rights was
not even brought about by states
or even people within states
(Except for a few scholars)
People only had rights if they were
granted it by the sovereign state
Ex. The US Constitution regardedslaves from Africa to be 3/5 of a
person.
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The Holocaust
January 30, 1933 to May 8, 1945.
The concept of Genocide was born
the eradication of an entire
people.
The extermination of Europes
Jewish people where 6 million
Jews died.
Gypsies, Gays, Socialists and Slavs
were not spared too.
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The Holocaust
Adolf Hitler was born and raised in
Austria.
He became active in Germanys right
wing anti-democratic movement.
He came to power in 1933 and it
marked the beginning of anti Jewish
policies. Ex. 1935 Nuremberg Law,German Jews were striped of their
citizenship.
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The Holocaust
Nazi Violence against Jews on
the night of November 9th
1938. The Kristallnacht.
1942, Decision to gas Jews inconcentration camps: Sobibor,
Treblinka, Auschwitz.
The discovery of the Holocaust death camps after the war,
produced shock and horror to the International community.
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The Nuremberg & Japanese
Trials They were the first of its kind as it was conducted by
International Tribunals
Jurists represented countries such as USA, USSR, Brittan &France
3 categories of Crime : Crime Against Peace, Crime Against
Humanity & War crimes
1948, Genocide Convention
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Other Genocides
Ethnic Cleanings in Yugoslavia
Rwanda Genocide
Civil war in Sierra Leone
Cambodias killing fields
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The International Criminal
Court Ad hoc tribunals were eating into UNs budget due to the costs
of facilitating these tribunals.
1998 meeting in Rome between 160 countries and 250 NGOs
to establish an International Court
ICC began functioning in 2002, currently is recognized by 121
countries.
USA & China has opposed the ICC due to the fear that
politically motivated charges could be brought to its citizens
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INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS UNDER
INTERNATIONAL LAW
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Sources of Human Rights
Universal natural law
Greek StoicismRoman law
Magna Carta
(UK)
Declaration of Independence (US)
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Sources of Human Rights
Cultural Relativism
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Human rights law
Treaties to protect civil, political,
economic, social and cultural rights
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Human rights law
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Why do abuses of human rights
occur?
Economic
Political
Social
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Non-governmental organisations
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WOMENS RIGHTS AS HUMAN
RIGHTS
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Gender inequality
Measures to evaluate:
Gender Empowerment Measure
Gender-related Development Index
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Forms of violence
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Reproductive independence
Autonomy and control over body
Challenge from religious leaders as a form of cultural
imperialism
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Equal rights
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women
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THANK YOU!