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INCONVENIENT BUT TRUETHE UNRELENTING GLOBAL TRADE IN ELEPHANT IVORY
Report Prepared for the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES3rd-15th June 2007,The Hague
Picture of ivory seized in Sierra Leone © Government of Sierra Leone
Report Compiled By:The Born Free Foundation
With contributions from and on behalf of the Species Survival Network ElephantWorking Group:Africa Kambe Shumpei Fellowship,Animal Welfare Institute, Born Free USA, Care for the WildInternational, Co-habitat, David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, Environmental InvestigationAgency, Humane Society of the United States, Humane Society International, International Fundfor Animal Welfare, International Wildlife Coalition, Japan Wildlife Conservation Society, MaasaiEnvironmental Resource Coalition, National Council of Societies for the Prevention of Crueltyto Animals, Orangutan Foundation International, Pro Wildlife, Robin des Bois, Royal Society forthe Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Save the Elephants,Wildlife Action Group,Wildlife Protection Society of India,Wildlife Trust of India,World Society for the Protection of Animals.
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Contents Page 1. Acknowledgements 3 2. Executive Summary 4 3. Introduction 6 4. Summary of CoP14 Elephant Proposals 6 5. Overview of Seizures since CoP13 & Analysis of Seizure Data 8 6. Elephant Poaching 9 7. Domestic Ivory Markets and the Price of Ivory 10 8. Discussion and Conclusion 11 9. Recommendations 12 APPENDIX A: Seizure and Poaching data tables 14
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1.0 Acknowledgements Members of the Elephant Working Group of the Species Survival Network include: Africa Kambe Shumpei Fellowship: Email: kambe@africaonline.co.ke Animal Defenders: www.ad-international.org Animal Welfare Institute: www.awionline.org Born Free Foundation: www.bornfree.org.uk Born Free USA: www.bornfreeusa.org Care for the Wild International: www.careforthewild.org Co-Habitat: Email: heffs@onetel.net.uk David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation: www.davidshepherd.org Environmental Investigation Agency: www.eia-international.org Humane Society of the United States: www.hsus.org Humane Society International: www.hsi.org International Fund for Animal Welfare: www.ifaw.org International Wildlife Coalition: www.iwc.org Japan Wildlife Conservation Society: www.jwcs.org Maasai Environmental Resource Coalition: www.maasaierc.org National Council of Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: www.nspca.org Orangutan Foundation International: www.orangutan.org Pro Wildlife: www.prowildlife.de Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: www.rspca.org Save the Elephants: www.save-the-elephants.org Wildlife Action Group: www.wag.co.za Wildlife Protection Society of India: www.wpsi-india.org Wildlife Trust of India: www.wildlifetrustofindia.org World Society for the Protection of Animals: www.wspa-international.org
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2.0 Executive Summary The illegal trade in elephant ivory (and in some cases the legal trade) continues to seriously threaten many wild elephant populations. The Species Survival Network (SSN) Elephant Working Group database on elephant ivory seizures contains records indicating that between 1998 and 2007 at least 176,695kg (176 tonnes) of ivory was seized. This represents the death of more than 26,674 elephants. Since CoP13 alone, 47,225.92kg of ivory have been seized, an increase of 48% as compared to the interval between the 12th and 13th meetings of the Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP12 and CoP13). Despite these alarming statistics, there are proposals at CoP14 calling for the resumption of a legal commercial trade in ivory which, in effect, represents a lifting of the ivory trade ban. Although CoP14 Proposals 4 and 5, submitted by Botswana and Botswana/Namibia respectively, imply that illegal ivory trade is no longer a significant enough threat to African elephant populations to warrant retention of the ban, in reality the evidence clearly shows otherwise. This report presents a compilation of this evidence—ivory prices and seizures of illegal ivory are on the increase, there are burgeoning domestic ivory markets and elephant populations are under threat. No ivory trade should be considered while the threats from illegal trade remain. If you are interested in finding out more about the SSN Elephant Working Group, please contact SSN. Email: info@ssn.org SSN would like to thank all those government agencies, non-governmental organisations and individuals for their contributions to this report 2.0 Resumen Ejecutivo El tráfico de marfil de elefante (y en algunos casos el comercio legalizado), continua amenazando seriamente a numerosas poblaciones silvestres de elefantes. La base de datos sobre decomisos de marfil del Grupo de Trabajo en Elefantes, del Species survival Network (SSN), contiene registros que indican que entre 1998 y 2007 fueron decomisados al menos 176,695kg (176 toneladas métricas) de marfil. Esto representa la muerte de más de 26,674 elefantes. Tan sólo desde la CdP13, 47,225.92kg de marfil han sido decomisados, representando un incremento de 48% en comparación con el intervalo entre las 12a y 13a Conferencias de las Partes de la CITES (CdP12 y CdP13). Pese a estos preocupantes estadísticos, hay propuestas para la CdP14 que buscan la re-apertura del comercio de marfil, la cual, en efecto, representaría levantar la moratoria. Pese a que las Propuestas 4 y 5 a la CdP14, sometidas por Botswana y Botswana/Namibia respectivamente, implicando que el comercio ilegal de marfil ya no es una amenaza significativa para las poblaciones de elefante Africano como para sostener la moratoria, en realidad la evidencia muestra claramente lo contrario. Este informe presenta una compilación de esta evidencia—precios y decomisos de marfil ilegal están incrementando, existen fervientes mercados domésticos de marfil y las poblaciones de elefantes están amenazadas. Mientras las amenazas provenientes del tráfico persistan, no se debiera considerar comerciar marfil. Si Ud está interesado(a) en informarse más sobre el Grupo de Trabajo del SSN sobre Elefantes, favor contactar al SSN. E-mail: info@ssn.org El SSN quisiera agradecer a todas las agencias gubernamentales, organizaciones no gubernamentales e individuos que han contribuido para desarrollar este informe.
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2.0 Résumé Sommaire Le commerce illicite (et dans certains cas le commerce licite) de l’ivoire continue à menacer sérieusement beaucoup de populations sauvages d’éléphants. La Base de Données sur les Saisies d’Ivoire d’Eléphant du Groupe de Travail du Réseau pour la Survie des Espèces (Species Survival Network ou SSN) sur l’Eléphant comprend des informations qui indiquent qu’entre 1998 et 2007 au moins 176,695 kg (176 tonnes) d’ivoire ont été saisis. Cela représente la mort de plus de 26,674 éléphants. Depuis seulement la CdP13, 48% d’ivoire ont été saisis, une augmentation de 47,225.92kg l’on fait la comparaison avec le laps de temps écoulé entre la 12ième et la 13ième réunion de la Conférence des Parties à la CITES (CdP12 et CdP13). En dépit de ces statistiques alarmantes, des propositions soumises à la CdP14 en appellent à la reprise du commerce licite de l’ivoire ce qui, en pratique, en revient à la levée de l’interdiction du commerce de l’ivoire. Bien que les Propositions CoP14 Prop. 4 et 5 respectivement soumises par le Botswana et par le Botswana et la Namibie suggèrent que le commerce illicite de l’ivoire ne constitue plus une menace suffisamment considérable pour les populations d’éléphants africains pour justifier la retenue de l’interdiction, en réalité les preuves disponibles démontrent clairement le contraire. Ce rapport présente une compilation de ces preuves – les prix de l’ivoire et les saisies d’ivoire illicite sont en augmentation, il y a des marchés intérieurs florissants, et les populations d’éléphants sont menacées. Aucun commerce d’ivoire ne devrait être envisagé tant que les menaces posées par le commerce illicite persistent. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur le Groupe de Travail du SSN sur l’Eléphant, contactez s’il vous plaît le SSN. Email : info@ssn.org Le SSN souhaite remercier toutes les administrations gouvernementales, les organisations non-gouvernementales, et les individus qui ont contribué à ce rapport.
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3.0 Introduction Elephant conservation and the international trade in ivory have been extensively debated at CITES meetings. Indeed, elephants have been on the agenda of every meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES since well before the African elephant was listed in Appendix I of CITES in 1989. Although a number of resolutions, amendments and provisions relating to elephants have been adopted by the Parties since then, the ban on open commercial trade in elephant ivory remains in effect. The massive scale of elephant poaching during the 1970’s and 1980’s was significantly reduced by the Appendix I listing. Nevertheless, the seemingly insatiable demand for elephant ivory continues to pose a very real threat to many wild elephant populations, as evidenced by significant ongoing seizures of ivory around the world. More ivory has been seized in the last two years than in any other two-year period since 1998. Recent very large seizures of ivory, with increasing market prices, indicate a resurgence of demand since CoP13. There are three elephant proposals on the agenda at CoP14 (see section 5). Two of these, from Botswana and Botswana/Namibia, are seeking permission from the CITES Parties to relax the ivory trade ban substantially, while a third, from Kenya and Mali, asks for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory and for the deletion of the annotations permitting Namibia and Zimbabwe to export ivory carvings for non-commercial purposes and Zimbabwe to export hunting trophies. SSN’s position is that no ivory trade should be allowed while illegal trade and poaching remain a significant threat to wild elephant populations. The SSN Elephant Working Group has been proactively collecting data on ivory seizures and elephant poaching since 1998, in order to provide CITES Parties with accurate and accessible information to assist their decisions on elephant proposals at CITES meetings. This document contains a detailed report of SSN’s findings. The SSN EWG recognises that its database of seizures represents just a small proportion of the actual illegal trade, particularly when considering that customs officers are generally expected to intercept no more than 10 to 15% of illegal products in international trade. It is clear that there is still much that needs to be achieved before any resumption in ivory trade can be authorised by the Parties. 4.0 Summary of CoP14 Proposals Proposal 4 (Botswana and Namibia). This proposal recommends the replacement of the existing annotations for the elephant populations of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, to allow unlimited commercial trade in raw ivory under the conditions of Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev. CoP12), to Parties certified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the CITES Standing Committee. Proposal 5 (Botswana). This proposal requests amendment of the annotation for the Botswana elephant population, to allow annual commercial trade in registered stocks of raw ivory (whole tusks and pieces of not more than 8 tonnes in total), and a one-off sale of 40 tonnes of raw ivory, to Parties certified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the CITES Standing Committee. The amended annotation additionally includes trade in hunting trophies for non-commercial purposes; trade in hides for commercial purposes; trade in leather goods for commercial purposes and trade in live animals for commercial purposes to appropriate and acceptable destinations. Proposal 6 and Working Document 53.4 (Kenya and Mali): This proposal requests amendment of the elephant annotations for Botswana, South Africa and Namibia to include a provision for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, except for hunting trophies and the one-off sales of ivory conditionally approved at CoP12, and removal of the provision allowing non-commercial trade in ekipas for Namibia. The proposal additionally includes amendment of the annotation for the population of Zimbabwe, including a provision for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, and removing the provision allowing trade in
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ivory carvings for non-commercial purposes. Working Document 53.4 supports Proposal 6, proposing amendments to Resolution Conf. 10.10. A fourth proposal, from Tanzania, which requested trade in up to 100 tonnes of ivory, has been withdrawn. Table 1 – A History of CITES and Elephants
Date Activity 1975
All international commercial trade in Asian elephant ivory becomes illegal after all Asian elephants are listed on Appendix I. The international commercial trade in ivory from African elephants remains legal.
1979 - 1989
The continental population of the African elephant declines from an estimated 1.3 million to approximately 600,000 following massive poaching, with tusks from poached elephants entering, and indeed dominating, the supposedly well-regulated legal ivory trade.
1989
CoP7: All African elephant populations are listed on Appendix I. The ban on all international commercial trade in ivory and other elephant products comes into effect in 1990.
1992 CoP8: Proposals by Botswana, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe to transfer their populations to Appendix II are withdrawn.
1994 CoP9: Proposals by Sudan and South Africa to transfer their populations to Appendix II are withdrawn.
1997 CoP10: The African elephant populations of Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia are transferred to Appendix II. An experimental one-off export of not more than 58.1 tonnes of raw ivory from the government-held ivory stockpiles of these countries to a single buyer, Japan, is approved.
1999 The one-off ivory export to Japan takes place.
2000 CoP11: Proposals for further trade in ivory are submitted by Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe but are withdrawn during the CoP. A proposal to transfer the African elephant population of South Africa from Appendix I to Appendix II is approved but no ivory export is permitted. A joint proposal by Kenya and India to transfer all African elephant populations on Appendix II to Appendix I is withdrawn.
2002 CoP12: Proposals for another one-off trade in ivory are submitted by Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Proposals to export specific quantities of raw ivory from government-held stockpiles in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa are approved, subject to certain conditions being addressed to the satisfaction of the Standing Committee. Proposals from Zambia and Zimbabwe are rejected. A proposal by Kenya and India to transfer all African elephant populations on Appendix II back to Appendix I is withdrawn during the CoP.
2004 CoP13: A proposal for annual export of 2,000kg of raw ivory, and unlimited export of worked ivory for commercial purposes is submitted by Namibia. The proposal is not approved. However, trade in “individually marked and certified ivory ekipas (traditional carvings) incorporated in finished jewellery for non-commercial purposes” is approved.
Oct 2006 The Standing Committee approves Japan as trading partner. However, the Secretariat is directed to provide an update on the situation in Japan at SC55, bringing to the attention of the Committee any reason for reviewing Japan as a designated trading partner. No decision is taken on China as a trading partner. Parties agree that MIKE baseline data are not yet complete, a requirement before the one-off sales conditionally approved at CoP12 can go ahead.
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5.0 Overview of Seizures Since CoP13 and Analysis of Seizure Data The SSN Elephant Working Group database (provided in Appendix A) contains records of ivory seizures dating from 1998 to the present. Three reports summarizing the contents of the database have been published for previous meetings of the CITES CoP. The ,most recent report, The Tip of the Tusk, produced for CoP13 in 2003, documented that between 1998 and 2004, 95.3 tonnes of ivory had been reported seized. This amount of ivory was estimated to represent the death of more than 15,000 elephants. The SSN Elephant Working Group database now contains records, since 1998, of the seizure of 164,091kg (164 tonnes) of ivory and 3,425 tusks. Using an average tusk weight of 3.68kg per tusk (Hunter et al. 2004), 3,425 tusks equates to 12,604kg. This brings the total quantity of ivory seized since 1998 to 176,695kg In addition, the database contains details of more than 45,000 unweighed items of ivory (both carvings and pieces of raw ivory). Since CoP13, there has been a significant increase in the number of large ivory seizures (>250kg). In total, 47,225.92kg have been seized since CoP13. This is 48% more than in any other two-year period since 1998 - indicating that the demand for ivory is growing in consumer countries. The table below provides a brief summary of some of these very large seizures:
Date of Seizure
Country Weight of ivory in kilograms
No. of tusks Origin of ivory
Reference / Notes
December 2004
Vietnam 800 Not specified LATF (Nov 2006)
April 2005 Ethiopia 500 Not specified TRAFFIC (December 2005)
July 2005
Zimbabwe 1,000 (72) Zimbabwe AC22 Doc 5.1; (The Herald (6 July 2005); SC54 Doc 26.1 (Rev. 1)
July 2005 Zambia 377 (23) Not specified LATF (Nov 2006) August 2005 Republic of
Congo 256 Not specified SABC News
(August 2005) September 2005
Philippines 6,000 Zambia Xinhuanet (January 2006)
September 2005
Philippines 286 Kenya Confidential Source
September 2005
Philippines 472 Uganda Confidential Source
September 2005
Cameroon 0 91 Republic of Congo
The Last Great Ape Organisation
January 2006 Tanzania 23 tusks Tanzania LATF (Nov 2006) May 2006 China 1,800 Not specified Confidential
Source May 2006 Hong Kong SAR 3,900 Cameroon Ireland Online
(June 2006) May 2006 Zimbabwe 7,000* (reportedly
destined for China)
Sunday Times (July 2006)
July 2006 Taiwan 3,060 Tanzania Daily News (July 2006)
July 2006 Taiwan 2,158 Tanzania The China Post (July 2006)
August 2006 Japan 3,000 The Asahi Shimbun (October 2006)
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6.0 Elephant Poaching Based on the quantity of ivory reported as seized, and assuming an illegal ivory detection rate of 10-15%, it has been estimated that between 20,000 and 23,000 elephants have been poached annually since CoP13 (CoP14 Doc. 53.4; Wasser et al. 2007). Reports documenting threats to elephants from poaching for ivory, in particular recent reports describing threats to forest elephants in Central Africa, are of critical importance and must be seriously considered during the elephant debates at CoP14. These reports include: - Forest Elephant Crisis in the Congo Basin (Blake et al.); a MIKE project, this report describes the serious threat to forest elephants in the Congo basin from hunting for ivory and stresses the importance of including forest elephants in continental elephant management plans. - Caught in the Crossfire (Mubalama and Bashigg, 2006); documents a serious threat facing the forest elephants of Kahuzi Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The report states: ‘elephants in the KBNP [Kahuzi Biega National Park] are facing a severe and unprecedented crisis’. - Ivory Wars – Last Stand in Zakouma (Fay, 2007); documents widespread and uncontrolled poaching in and around Zakouma National Park in Chad. Hundreds of elephants are reported to have been killed in just one year. The President of Chad recently burned an ivory stockpile of 1.83 tonnes to protest the widespread poaching of his country’s elephants. - An aerial reconnaissance of Garamba National Park (Merode et al., 2005) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, found that poaching had reduced elephant numbers to just 1,202 (down from more than 10,000 in 1995). Although a 2006 World Heritage Site Mission (Shepperd and Debonnet, 2006) revealed more encouraging results, the stability of the Park, an important habitat for forest elephants, remains a critical concern. The IUCN African Elephant Status Report 2007 (IUCN AfESG, 2007) documents significant losses of elephant populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Niger, Nigeria, and Malawi. Population surveys in Zimbabwe in 2006 revealed notable increases in elephant mortality since the previous survey in 2001 in two of the four major populations. “A 2.5 fold increase in the number of dead elephants” was observed in the Sebungwe area, for which illegal killing was at least partly responsible; in Northwest Matabeleland, a partial survey revealed “a considerable increase in the carcass ratio (i.e. the proportion of dead to dead plus live elephant elephants), from 3.2% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2006”; tusks were missing in 90% of dead elephants found (IUCN AfESG, 2007). The threat facing Elephas maximus, the Asian elephant, is of equal concern. Although the IUCN African Elephant Specialist Group provides detailed surveys of the elephant populations in Africa, comparatively very little information on elephant populations in Asia is available. Elephas maximus was last surveyed by the IUCN redlist team in 1996. Reports of Asian elephant poaching, although often on a smaller scale than poaching in African range states, are perhaps even more worrying in the absence of being able to assess their impact on the overall population. SSN encourages Asian elephant range States to make elephant surveying a priority.
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7.0 Domestic Ivory Markets and the Price of Ivory An Action Plan for the control of trade in African elephant ivory was adopted by the Parties at CoP13 in 2004. This Action Plan requires all African elephant range States to take urgent action regarding unregulated domestic ivory markets and the control of illegal trade in ivory across their respective borders. The Action Plan also directs these Parties to submit progress reports to the Secretariat for consideration by the Standing Committee. At the 53rd and 54th meetings of the Standing Committee it was noted that a number of African countries had yet to submit progress reports, with 18 countries failing to do so by the 54th meeting. Widespread disappointment has been expressed about this lack of commitment. The illegal ivory trade is very fluid, and control measures need to be overarching, encompassing all areas, in order to prevent the illegal trade from simply migrating to places in which it is easier to operate. A number of reports concerning domestic ivory markets have been published since CoP13. These have revealed the following: • Egypt – 10,709 ivory items were seen on sale during a 2005 investigation. The report
indicates that prices for raw tusks was as much as $345, an amount that is 200-250% higher than for comparable tusks in surveys conducted in 1998 and 1999. Additionally, retail prices for worked ivory were found to be from 2 to 4 times that of late 1998 (Martin and Milliken 2005).
• China – reports indicated June 2006 prices to be US$560-750 per kg, representing a
threefold increase since 2004. 298 ivory dealers were found to be operating illegally in 9 cities surveyed, and one-third of traders were found not to be in compliance with China’s domestic regulations governing trade in ivory. Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan were reported to be the main transit points for smuggled ivory into mainland China (IFAW 2006).
• Tibet Autonomous Region – Ivory goods were found to be openly on sale in 24 shops
during a 10 day survey in Lhasa. Investigators were informed that the ivory mainly originated from Thailand and India. However, African ivory was also available (Environmental Investigation Agency and Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2006).
• Europe – 27,000 ivory products were seen on sale in five different European countries
(Save the Elephants and Care for the Wild International, 2005). • Angola – Over 1.5 tonnes of worked ivory products were found during an investigation,
and trade was reported to have rapidly expanded between 2004 and 2005 (Miliken, Pole and Huongo, 2006).
• Mozambique – 3,254 items were found on sale in 2005, at least double the amount
previously found in 2002. Almost 20% of the ivory products found were on sale in the departure lounge of the airport (Miliken, Pole and Huongo, 2006).
• Sudan – a 2005 report found 11,000 ivory items on sale in 50 shops. The report also
indicates that the price for ivory has doubled in the past two years (Martin, 2005). • Thailand – Reported to be the largest retail market for ivory souvenirs in south and
south-east Asia (Martin and Stiles, 2002). During a 2006 investigation, 27,230 ivory items were found on sale in Bangkok during January and March 2006 (TRAFFIC/WWF 2006).
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• Japan - a 2007 report indicates the wholesale price of ivory on the Japanese black market at $850 per kilogram. This is 4 times the price in 2004 (ScienceNOW Daily News, 2007).
• Namibia – A 2006 survey visited 21 jewellery shops in Windhoek and Swakopmund. 740
ekipas were found on sale, none of which had identifying marks. No evidence of the “control systems” promised by Namibia at CoP13 were found (Reeve and Pope, 2006).
8.0 Discussion and Conclusions 8.1 Illegal Trade Given the significant scale of ivory seizures, the increasing price of ivory on the illegal market, and reports of widespread elephant poaching, SSN believes it would be inappropriate for the CITES Parties to approve even a partial lifting of the ban on commercial trade in elephant ivory. It is clear from the very large seizures over the past two years that organised criminal groups are actively exporting illegal ivory from Africa to Asia. Although SSN recognises and congratulates the efforts that have been made by CITES Parties thus far to improve enforcement, SSN believes that much more needs to be achieved before any further legal trade can be considered. The impact of a further increase in poaching cannot be underestimated. The majority of elephant populations are small and fragmented - some national populations are already on the brink of being eliminated entirely. Any increased pressure on those extremely fragile populations as a potential result of any approval in commercial trade could be a serious threat to their survival. The Accra Declaration (2006), signed by 19 African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Southern Sudan, Togo and Uganda), highlights the fact that many African nations support retaining the ban on commercial trade in elephant ivory. There are 57 elephant range states across Africa and Asia, all of which – including Asian elephant range States -- should be consulted before making decisions about trade. 8.2 One-off Sales Approved in 2002 At CoP12 in 2002, the Parties approved a one-off sale of not more than 60 tonnes of stockpiled ivory, from South Africa (30,000kg), Botswana (20,000kg) and Namibia (10,000kg). This trade has not yet taken place, as the conditions have yet to be met to the satisfaction of the CITES Standing Committee. These conditions are:
i) only registered government-owned stocks, originating in the State (excluding seized ivory and ivory of
unknown origin) and, in the case of South Africa, only ivory originating from the Kruger National Park;
ii) only to trading partners that have been verified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the Standing Committee, to have sufficient national legislation and domestic trade controls to ensure that the imported ivory will not be re-exported and will be managed in accordance with all requirements of Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev CoP12) concerning domestic manufacturing and trade;
iii) not before the Secretariat has verified the prospective importing countries, and the MIKE programme has reported to the Secretariat on the baseline information (e.g. elephant population numbers, incidence of illegal killing);
iv) a maximum of 20,000kg (Botswana), 10,000kg (Namibia) and 30,000kg (South Africa) of ivory may be traded, and despatched in a single shipment under strict supervision of the Secretariat;
v) the proceeds of the trade are used exclusively for elephant conservation and community conservation and development programmes within or adjacent to the elephant range; and
vi) only after the Standing Committee has agreed that the above conditions have been met.
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These conditions will be discussed at the 55th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee on 2nd June 2007, one day before CoP14 begins. If these one-off sales are approved by the Standing Committee, sufficient time should be set aside, to enable Parties to monitor the effects of the sales before any further trade can be considered by the Parties. 8.3 Proposed Ivory Moratorium The 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, as proposed by Kenya and Mali (CoP14 Proposal 6) would provide CITES Parties the necessary time to tighten up enforcement on illegal ivory trade and to implement the ivory Action Plan approved at CoP13. The information outlined in this report describes how critical such a moratorium could be. Although concerns have been expressed about the ‘legality’ of a 20-year moratorium under CITES, SSN believes that such a moratorium is legal under, and consistent with, the Convention. Any proposal under Article XV to amend the Appendices would still be scrutinised in terms of the existing annotations, and a provision for a moratorium would have no more legal force than any other such provision. It does not prevent further proposals for trade, but makes it less likely that Parties will adopt them (for more details see SSN Response to the Secretariat’s Assessments). 8.4 Inconsistency of Reporting SSN remains seriously concerned about the ability of the MIKE programme to alert Parties about escalating elephant poaching in Africa and Asia. Poaching is getting worse, and thus far MIKE has rung no warning bells. Currently it is almost impossible to construct a true and accurate record as reporting from countries is largely inconsistent. It is unacceptable that more than 45,000 items of ivory contained within the SSN database are reported as unweighed. If we estimate that each ‘item’ seized weighed just 0.1kg, then there is potentially another 4,500kg of ivory which is currently not being adequately accounted for. Harmonisation of reporting is essential if we are to truly understand the scale of the illegal trade in elephant ivory, and SSN asks the CITES Parties to take steps to ensure this critical issue is resolved. 9.0 Recommendations • No proposals for further trade in ivory should be approved while the illegal
ivory trade threatens elephant populations and while organised criminal networks, still not fully understood by enforcement authorities, continue to operate.
• Parties should adopt the 20-year moratorium on commercial ivory trade contained in Proposal 6 in order to take action against escalating illegal ivory trade, enable Parties to enhance enforcement efforts, raise awareness, enable elephant populations to recover, and implement the ivory Action Plan adopted at CoP13.
• Should the one-off sales from CoP12 be approved at the 55th meeting of the Standing Committee, a designated amount of time must be allocated before any further trade can be considered by the Parties in order to enable the effects of such as sale to be determined, and for MIKE to be refined accordingly.
• Those African range States yet to provide a report on their domestic markets in accordance with the Action Plan adopted at CoP13, should do so as a matter of priority.
• Particular attention should be paid by CITES Parties to the fragility of forest elephant populations when making any decisions concerning elephants at CoP14.
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• Parties should seriously consider proposing and adopting a Resolution that requires all Parties to harmonise methods of reporting, including weighing and counting any ivory seized, in order that a more complete picture of the illegal trade in ivory can be assembled.
References Cited Blake, S. et al (2007) Forest Elephant Crisis in the Congo Basin. PLoS Biol 5(4) http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050111 Environmental Investigation Agency (2006) Ivory Trade Flourishing in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Environmental Investigation Agency, London, U.K. Hunter, N., Martin, E. and Miliken, T. (2004) Determining the number of elephants required to supply current unregulated ivory markets in Africa and Asia. Pachyderm 36: p116 - 128. Martin, E (2005) Large Quantities of Illegal Ivory for Sale in Sudan. Care for the Wild International. Published in West Sussex, UK. Martin, E. & Stiles, D. (2005) The Ivory Markets of Europe. Save the Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya and Care for the Wild International. Published in West Sussex, UK. Martin, E. and Miliken, T. (2005). No Oasis: The Egyptian Ivory Trade in 2005. TRAFFIC Online Report Series No. 10. Miliken, T., Pole and Huongo (2006) No Peace for Elephants: Unregulated Domestic Ivory Markets in Mozambique and Angola. TRAFFIC Online Report Series No. 11. Mubalama, L. & Bashigg, E. (2006) Caught in the Crossfire: the forest elephant and law enforcement in a region of political instability, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Pachyderm 40: p69 – 79. R. Reeve and S. Pope (2006) Elephants and ivory trade in Namibia. David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation. Wasser et al (2007) Using DNA to track the origin of the largest ivory seizures since the 1989 trade ban. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0609714104v1
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July
an
d Se
ptem
ber
2000
in B
icua
r NP
Pana
fric
an
New
s A
genc
y (S
epte
mbe
r 200
0)
Ove
r 1.
5 to
nnes
wor
ked
ivor
y pr
oduc
ts fo
und
on sa
le (2
005)
TR
AFF
IC (2
005)
Ang
ola
Rep
ort
that
the
airp
ort
bein
g us
ed f
or t
he i
llega
l tra
ffic
of
ivor
y tu
sks (
from
199
0)
Peop
le’s
Dai
ly O
nlin
e (M
ay 2
001)
Ban
glad
esh
Rep
ort
that
B
angl
ades
h’s
elep
hant
po
pula
tion
unde
r se
rious
thre
at f
rom
lo
cal e
xtin
ctio
n (2
007)
The
New
Nat
ion
(Feb
ruar
y 20
07)
Ben
in
Car
ving
s se
en
on
sale
, Sh
erat
on,
Cot
onou
(M
arch
20
01)
Pers
com
m: I
an R
edm
ond,
(200
1)
Bhu
tan
B
huta
n M
anag
emen
t A
utho
rity
repo
rt no
seiz
ures
. 4;
Cho
be N
atio
nal P
ark
(200
2)
Bot
swan
a D
aily
New
s (Ju
ne 2
002)
16
; Cho
be N
atio
nal P
ark
(200
1)
Pers
C
omm
: D
r Pa
ula
Kah
umbu
(F
ebru
ary
2002
) 11
; (19
99)
CIT
ES D
oc 1
1.31
.1
7; (1
998)
C
ITES
Doc
11.
31.1
1 tu
sk
/ 6.
1kg;
Fr
anci
stow
n (F
eb 2
007)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e
36
tus
ks (
Janu
ary
– N
ovem
ber
2005
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6 (K
enya
and
Mal
i)
Bot
swan
a
18
tusk
s (20
04)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
(Ken
ya a
nd M
ali)
14
15
13
tusk
s (20
03)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
(Ken
ya a
nd M
ali)
Not
e: it
is u
ncle
ar w
heth
er th
is in
clud
es th
e 6
tusk
s se
ized
in M
arch
200
3. T
he 6
tusk
s ha
ve
ther
efor
e be
en
rem
oved
fr
om
the
final
ca
lcul
atio
n.
6
tusk
s / 2
5kg;
sei
zed
at b
orde
r po
sts (
Mar
ch 2
003)
Dep
artm
ent
of C
usto
ms
and
Exci
se,
Rep
ublic
of B
otsw
ana
(Jun
e 20
04)
2
tusk
s;
Cho
be
Fore
stry
R
eser
ve (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
B
otsw
ana
Dai
ly
New
s O
nlin
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
Bru
nei D
arus
sala
m
N
o se
izur
es re
porte
d
Bru
nei C
ITES
MA
(Sep
tem
ber
2002
) B
urki
na F
aso
12; s
ince
199
7
C
ount
ry R
epor
t to
Ele
phan
t R
ange
St
ates
Mee
ting
(Aug
ust 2
002)
1;
R
atta
naki
ri Pr
ovin
ce
((M
arch
20
07)
Ass
ocia
ted
Pres
s (M
arch
200
7)
2;
(unc
onfir
med
); Ph
nom
Sa
mko
s (2
001)
Ph
nom
Pen
h Po
st (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
2; P
hnom
Sam
kos W
ildlif
e Sa
nctu
ary
(Aug
ust 2
001)
Ph
nom
Pen
h Po
st (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
26; K
oh K
ong/
Purs
at P
rovi
nce
(May
20
00 –
Oct
ober
200
1)
Cat
A
ctio
n Tr
easu
ry
Rep
ort
(Dec
embe
r 200
1)
6; C
arda
mom
mou
ntai
ns (
Dec
embe
r 20
00)
Age
nce
Fran
ce-P
ress
e (D
ecem
ber
2000
) 4;
199
9
C
ITES
Doc
11.
31.1
6;
199
8
C
ITES
Doc
11.
31.1
Cam
bodi
a
1,77
3 ite
ms;
inc
ludi
ng c
arve
d tu
sks,
foun
d in
59
shop
s in
2
tow
ns (M
arch
200
1)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y m
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Save
th
e El
epha
nts
(200
2)
6; L
ibon
go (J
une
2003
)
La
st
Gre
at
Ape
O
rgan
isat
ion
(Oct
ober
200
3)
84; B
ayan
g M
bo a
rea
(200
2 –
2004
)
R
epor
t of
th
e C
ITES
A
fric
an
Con
sulta
tive
Mee
ting
(Mar
ch 2
004)
Cam
eroo
n
150;
Du
Dja
(199
8)
Rep
ort
of
the
CIT
ES
Afr
ican
C
onsu
ltativ
e M
eetin
g (M
arch
200
4)
16
140;
in
ar
ea
60km
ra
dius
Lo
mie
(1
998/
1999
)
C
onfid
entia
l co
mm
ent
to
BFF
(M
arch
200
0)
62
kg; (
Mar
ch 2
007)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
60
kg; (
Dec
embe
r 200
6)
La
st G
reat
Ape
Org
anis
atio
n (2
007)
7kg;
(Aug
ust 2
006)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
4k
g; (J
uly
2006
)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
60
kg; (
May
200
6)
La
st G
reat
Ape
Org
anis
atio
n (2
007)
1 tu
sk /
8kg
; B
amen
da (
May
20
06)
A
ll A
fric
a.co
m (M
ay 2
006)
3k
g; (A
pril
2006
)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
3k
g an
d 5k
g; (N
ovem
ber 2
005)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
98
tusk
s; S
angm
elim
a (S
epte
mbe
r 200
5)
La
st
Gre
at
Ape
O
rgan
isat
ion
(Sep
tem
ber 2
005)
5kg;
(Jun
e 20
05)
La
st G
reat
Ape
Org
anis
atio
n (2
007)
3kg;
(Mar
ch 2
005)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
4.
5kg;
(Nov
embe
r 200
4)
La
st G
reat
Ape
Org
anis
atio
n (2
007)
50kg
raw
and
pro
cess
ed i
vory
; D
oual
a (N
ovem
ber 2
004)
Last
G
reat
A
pe
Org
anis
atio
n (N
ovem
ber 2
004)
3kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
11
kg; D
oual
a (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
La
st
Gre
at
Ape
O
rgan
isat
ion
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
116.
5kg;
sei
zed
from
two
ivor
y w
orks
hops
, Dou
ala
(Jul
y 20
04)
La
st
Gre
at
Ape
O
rgan
isat
ion
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
12
tu
sks;
an
d an
el
epha
nt
foot
stoo
l, D
oual
a (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
La
st
Gre
at
Ape
O
rgan
isat
ion
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
15
kg; (
Janu
ary
2004
)
Last
Gre
at A
pe O
rgan
isat
ion
(200
7)
16
kg;
Dou
ala
airp
ort
(Aug
ust
2003
)
Geo
rges
M
ounc
haro
u,
Hea
d of
El
epha
nt P
rogr
amm
e (O
ctob
er 2
003)
91kg
; Yao
unde
(May
200
3)
G
eorg
es
Mou
ncha
rou,
H
ead
of
Elep
hant
Pro
gram
me
(Oct
ober
200
3)
16
kg; T
into
(Nov
embe
r 200
2)
G
eorg
es
Mou
ncha
rou,
H
ead
of
Elep
hant
Pro
gram
me
(Oct
ober
200
3)
26
kg; D
joum
(Jul
y 20
02)
G
eorg
es
Mou
ncha
rou,
H
ead
of
Elep
hant
Pro
gram
me
(Oct
ober
200
3)
17
42
tus
ks; L
obek
e N
atio
nal P
ark
(Nov
embe
r 200
0)
Th
e In
depe
nden
t (B
angl
ades
h)
(Nov
embe
r 200
0)
6
tusk
s;
north
ern
area
of
Lo
beke
N
atio
nal
Park
(N
ovem
ber 2
000)
Th
e In
depe
nden
t (B
angl
ades
h)
(Nov
embe
r 200
0)
2
tusk
s;
Yok
adou
ma
(May
20
00)
C
hica
go T
ribun
e (M
ay 2
000)
80
0kg;
Dou
ala
(199
9)
St
op th
e C
lock
(Apr
il 20
00)
30; (
Janu
ary
– Ju
ne 2
002)
Pers
co
mm
. Pi
erre
Pf
effe
r (J
une
2002
) 20
0; (2
001)
Pe
rs
com
m.
Pier
re
Pfef
fer
(Jun
e 20
02)
400;
C
AR
/DR
C
bord
er,
betw
een
1997
and
200
2
K
arl
Am
man
/The
G
uard
ian
(May
20
02)
30-4
0 pe
r wee
k; (1
999)
Pach
yder
m I
ssue
No.
27
(Jan
uary
–
Dec
embe
r 199
9)
20
tusk
s; A
dam
a (2
002)
The
Gua
rdia
n (M
ay 2
002)
Cen
tral
A
fric
an
Rep
ublic
11
2 tu
sks (
2000
)
Stop
the
Clo
ck (A
pril
2000
) W
ides
prea
d po
achi
ng re
porte
d in
and
ar
ound
Zak
oum
a N
atio
nal P
ark.
Now
re
porte
d to
be
10,0
00 e
leph
ants
, do
wn
from
an
estim
ated
100
,000
in
the
1970
s (20
07)
Abc
new
s in
terv
iew
with
Mik
e Fa
y (M
arch
200
7)
37; (
Janu
ary
– M
arch
200
4)
The
Elep
hant
, Vol
. 10
nr. 3
(A
ugus
t 20
04)
22; (
2002
)
C
ount
ry N
atio
nal
Rep
ort;
Elep
hant
R
ange
Sta
tes M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
11; (
2001
)
C
ount
ry N
atio
nal
Rep
ort;
Elep
hant
R
ange
Sta
tes M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
15; (
2000
)
C
ount
ry N
atio
nal
Rep
ort;
Elep
hant
R
ange
Sta
tes M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
1; (1
999)
C
ount
ry N
atio
nal
Rep
ort;
Elep
hant
R
ange
Sta
tes M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
Cha
d
43; (
1998
)
C
ount
ry N
atio
nal
Rep
ort;
Elep
hant
R
ange
Sta
tes M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
18
50*;
Zak
oum
a N
P (A
pril
to A
ugus
t 20
01)
Pers
Com
m: P
ierr
e Pf
effe
r, O
ctob
er
2001
*s
ome
of th
ese
may
be
incl
uded
in
the
11 fo
r the
cou
ntry
repo
rt
11
tusk
s; (D
ecem
ber 1
999)
Stop
the
Clo
ck (A
pril
2000
)
60.7
3kg;
G
uang
zhou
(A
pril
2007
)
http
://en
glis
h.pe
ople
.com
.cn
1.
935k
g;
Shen
yang
C
usto
ms
(Apr
il 20
07)
w
ww
.LN
.XIN
HU
AN
ET.c
om
67
.45k
g; (F
ebru
ary
2007
)
ww
w.e
nglis
h.pe
ople
.com
.cn
Ori
gin
of i
vory
rep
orte
d to
be
Dem
ocra
tic
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
60
ivor
y pi
eces
/
3.7k
g;
Han
gzho
u (F
ebru
ary
2007
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
007)
21
iv
ory
item
s /
1.19
kg;
(Feb
ruar
y 20
07)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
7)
74
tus
ks /
1,80
0kg;
Zho
ngsh
an,
Gua
ndon
g (M
ay 2
006)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
17
ivor
y pi
eces
; (Ju
ne 2
006)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
2.8k
g; (M
arch
200
6)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
6)
4
ivor
y ite
ms
and
8 iv
ory
head
sc
ulpt
ures
; Bej
ing
(Jan
200
5)
B
BC
Mon
itorin
g A
sia
Spec
ific
(Jan
20
05)
62
item
s; T
ianj
in (M
ay 2
004)
Xin
hua
(May
200
4)
30
0kg;
Gua
ngzh
ou,
Gua
ndon
g Pr
ovin
ce (M
arch
200
4)
En
viro
nmen
tal I
nves
tigat
ion
Age
ncy
(Mar
ch 2
004)
92 c
arvi
ngs;
Zhe
jiang
Pro
vinc
e (J
anua
ry 2
003)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (2
003)
7k
g;
Wen
zhou
(D
ecem
ber
2002
)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (2
003)
95
kg;
Gua
ngzh
ou
Prov
ince
(A
ugus
t 200
2)
Ji
n Y
ang
Net
-Xin
K
uai
Dai
ly
(Aug
ust 2
002)
3,33
4.6k
g tu
sks;
Sh
angh
ai
(Aug
ust 2
002)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts
of
East
A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
and
Dan
iel
Stile
s /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
Chi
na
29
5 pi
eces
ra
w
ivor
y;
(Apr
il 20
02)
A
FP (A
pr 2
002)
19
76
kg; B
eijin
g (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
24
4 pi
eces
/ 3
0kg;
Wen
zhou
cu
stom
s, Zh
ejia
ng
prov
ince
(J
une
2001
)
Pe
ople
’s D
aily
Onl
ine
(Jul
y 20
01)
11
4kg;
Yun
nan
(Mar
ch 2
001)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (2
003)
250
piec
es /
40k
g; H
angz
hou
Cus
tom
s, (J
une
– A
ugus
t 200
1)
X
inhu
a (A
ugus
t 200
1)
15
33 p
iece
s; c
onfis
cate
d in
20
smug
glin
g ca
ses
by
Shan
ghai
Pu
dong
A
irpor
t C
usto
ms
(Jan
uary
– Ju
ly 2
001)
Pe
ople
’s D
aily
Onl
ine
(Sep
tem
ber
2001
)
29
5 tu
sks
/ 2,6
13.5
kg; Q
ingd
ao,
Shan
gdon
g (M
ay 2
001)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
19
No.
2
(200
2)
1,
100k
g; (2
001)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts o
f Eas
t Asi
a,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin a
nd D
anie
l Stil
es /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
*Sei
zure
loca
tion
unkn
own,
this
seiz
ure
may
th
eref
ore
be in
clud
ed in
the
13,0
00kg
seiz
ed
in B
eijin
g
13,0
00kg
; Se
ized
in
Bei
jing
in
41 se
izur
es (2
001)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts
of
East
A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
and
Dan
iel
Stile
s /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
25
pi
eces
/
123k
g;
Pudo
ng
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (O
ctob
er
2000
)
X
inhu
a (A
ugus
t 200
1)
50
7kg;
She
nzhe
n, d
isco
vere
d in
a
truck
(May
200
0)
Pe
ople
’s D
aily
Onl
ine
(May
200
0)
14
0kg
tusk
s; (2
000)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts o
f Eas
t Asi
a,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin a
nd D
anie
l Stil
es /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
Orig
in: G
abon
91
2kg
wor
ked
ivor
y;
Putia
n,
Fujia
n (S
epte
mbe
r 199
9)
A
Pr
elim
inar
y R
evie
w
on
the
Man
agem
ent
of T
rade
in
Elep
hant
Pr
oduc
ts
in
Chi
na,
CIT
ES
MA
/IFA
W
20
11
tusk
s; (S
epte
mbe
r 199
9)
Th
e Iv
ory
Mar
kets
of E
ast A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
and
Dan
iel S
tiles
/ Sa
ve th
e El
epha
nts (
2003
) O
rigin
: Mya
nmar
2,10
0kg;
(Aug
ust 1
999)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts o
f Eas
t Asi
a,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin a
nd D
anie
l Stil
es /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
Orig
in: S
outh
Afr
ica
42
4 tu
sks
/ 2,
020k
g; G
uang
xi
Prov
ince
(Jan
uary
199
9)
C
onfid
entia
l sou
rce
(200
3)
70
0kg
tusk
s, 10
2 ot
her
tusk
s, 41
2 se
mi-w
orke
d pi
eces
, 3,2
49
jew
elle
ry it
ems;
Tia
njin
(199
9)
Th
e Iv
ory
Mar
kets
of
Ea
st
Asi
a,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin a
nd D
anie
l St
iles
/ Sa
ve th
e El
epha
nts (
2003
)
8kg
tusk
s; (1
999)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts
of
East
A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
and
Dan
iel
Stile
s /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (20
03)
1,
600k
g; Z
henj
iang
por
t, G
uang
dong
pro
vinc
e (N
ovem
ber 1
998)
R
eute
rs (N
ovem
ber 1
998)
33
0 pi
eces
/ 2,
934k
g; H
uang
pu,
Gua
ngdo
ng P
rovi
nce
(199
8)
A
Pr
elim
inar
y R
evie
w
on
the
Man
agem
ent
of T
rade
in
Elep
hant
Pr
oduc
ts
in
Chi
na,
CIT
ES
MA
/IFA
W
74
4 pi
eces
/
3,02
6kg;
K
aohs
iung
Har
bour
. Se
ized
just
tw
o da
ys
afte
r th
e 2,
500k
g se
izur
e (J
uly
2006
)
TR
AFF
IC (7
th Ju
ly 2
006)
2,
500k
g; K
aohs
iung
Har
bour
. Ex
porte
d fr
om T
anza
nia,
en
rout
e to
Man
ila (J
uly
2006
)
TR
AFF
IC (7
th Ju
ly 2
006)
5
piec
es /
1kg;
(Jul
y 20
05)
TR
AFF
IC (A
ugus
t 200
5)
Not
e: se
ized
alo
ng w
ith 1
40kg
tige
r bon
es
3
tusk
s /
26kg
; K
eelu
ng (
May
20
00)
So
ciet
y fo
r W
ildlif
e an
d N
atur
e N
ewsl
ette
r, V
ol 8
No
2 (J
une
2000
)
332
tusk
s / 2
,160
kg; i
vory
from
C
amer
oon
(May
200
0)
So
ciet
y fo
r W
ildlif
e an
d N
atur
e N
ewsl
ette
r, V
ol 8
No.
2 (J
une
2000
)
Tai
wan
(RO
C)
1,
453k
g; T
aipe
i (M
arch
199
8)
R
eute
rs (A
pril
1998
)
21
52
pie
ces /
170
kg; M
acao
(Apr
il 20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l sou
rce
(200
3)
17
pie
ces;
(Jul
y 20
02)
Pa
chyd
erm
Iss
ue N
o 40
(Ja
nuar
y -
June
200
6)
67
pie
ces
/ 4.
9kg;
Por
tas
do
Cer
co C
heck
poin
t (M
arch
200
2)
Se
rvic
os
de
Alfa
ndeg
a (A
ugus
t 20
02)
Mac
ao (S
AR
)
10
pi
eces
/
91.9
5kg;
M
acao
In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort
(May
20
01)
Se
rvic
os
de
Alfa
ndeg
a (A
ugus
t 20
02)
2,
600k
g; (J
uly
2006
)
3,90
0kg;
(May
200
6)
Ir
elan
d O
nlin
e (M
ay 2
006)
229
piec
es
/ 50
3kg;
K
wai
C
hung
C
usto
ms
Hou
se
(May
20
05)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol.
20 N
o. 3
(2
005)
0.
86kg
; K
owlo
on,
Hon
g K
ong
(May
200
4)
En
viro
nmen
tal I
nves
tigat
ion
Age
ncy
(200
4)
10
0kg;
2
Hon
g K
ong
shop
s (J
anua
ry 2
004)
The
Stan
dard
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
2,
446k
g; (2
003)
In
clud
ing:
27
9 T
usks
/ 19
32kg
; Kw
ai
Chu
ng C
onta
iner
Ter
min
al,
Hon
g K
ong
(Oct
ober
200
3)
H
ong
Kon
g C
omm
issi
oner
of
Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Jan
uary
200
4)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
20
No
1 (2
004)
50
6kg;
H
ong
Kon
g (O
ctob
er
2002
)
Sout
h C
hina
M
orni
ng
Post
(O
ctob
er 2
003)
79 p
iece
s /
1.7k
g; H
ong
Kon
g In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort
(Jul
y 20
02)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol 1
9 N
o. 2
(2
002)
Hon
g K
ong
(SA
R)
20
.78k
g; (2
001)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts
of
East
A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
and
Dan
iel
Stile
s /
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (2
003)
22
52
.85k
g; (2
000)
The
Ivor
y M
arke
ts
of
East
A
sia,
Es
mon
d M
artin
an
d D
anie
l St
iles
(200
3)
17
kg; (
1999
)
Hon
g K
ong
Com
mis
sion
er
of
Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Jan
uary
200
4)
10
4kg;
(199
8)
H
ong
Kon
g C
omm
issi
oner
of
C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e (J
anua
ry 2
004)
40
0-50
0; (2
000
– 20
01)
Con
gole
se d
eleg
ate,
Ele
phan
t Ran
ge
Stat
es m
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
10; (
Mar
ch 1
999)
C
ongo
lese
del
egat
e, E
leph
ant R
ange
St
ates
mee
ting
(Aug
ust 2
002)
26
; Len
goue
Riv
er (F
ebru
ary
2000
)
JW
CS
(Pac
hyde
rm N
o. 3
4 Ja
n –
June
200
3)
3; M
ombo
vill
age
(Aug
ust 2
002)
JW
CS
(Pac
hyde
rm N
o. 3
4 Ja
nuar
y –
June
200
3)
12; (
Janu
ary
– M
arch
200
2)
JWC
S (P
achy
derm
No.
34
Janu
ary
– Ju
ne 2
003)
3;
Len
goue
Riv
er (
Dec
embe
r 20
00 –
Ja
nuar
y 20
01)
JWC
S (P
achy
derm
No.
34
Janu
ary
– Ju
ne 2
003)
66 p
iece
s / 2
53kg
; M
aya
May
a A
irpor
t (A
ugus
t 200
5)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
21
2 cu
t pi
eces
/ 5
25kg
; Po
int
Noi
r (Fe
brua
ry 2
004)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
37
set
s of
tus
ks,
the
larg
est
wei
ghin
g 20
kg;
Odz
ala
Nat
iona
l Par
k (2
004)
A
genc
e Fr
ance
-Pre
sse
(Feb
ruar
y 20
05)
Not
e: I
t is
unc
lear
whe
ther
thi
s m
eans
37
pair
s of t
usks
, or 3
7 in
divi
dual
tusk
s.
15
6 tu
sks;
(200
3)
Pe
rs
com
m.:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
3,00
0kgs
; se
ized
fro
m 2
000
– 20
02, i
nclu
ding
:
Con
gole
se d
eleg
ate,
Ele
phan
t Ran
ge
Stat
es m
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
35
tusk
s; (2
002)
Con
gole
se d
eleg
ate,
Ele
phan
t Ran
ge
Stat
es m
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
64
tusk
s; (2
001)
Con
gole
se d
eleg
ate,
Ele
phan
t Ran
ge
Stat
es m
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
Con
go
22
3 tu
sks;
(200
0)
C
ongo
lese
del
egat
e, E
leph
ant R
ange
St
ates
mee
ting
(Aug
ust 2
002)
23
17
4 tu
sks
or p
iece
s of
tus
k,
incl
udin
g 26
tu
sks
wei
ghin
g m
ore
than
10
kg
each
; in
O
dzal
a N
atio
nal
Park
an
d M
bom
o vi
llage
(Dec
embe
r 199
7 –
May
200
2)*
To
mo
Nis
hiha
ra, J
WC
S (P
achy
derm
N
o. 3
4 Ja
nuar
y –
June
200
3)
*may
be
incl
uded
in th
e 20
tusk
s se
ized
in O
dzal
a
20
tus
ks; O
dzal
a N
atio
nal P
ark
(Sep
tem
ber 1
998
– M
ay 1
999)
Prop
11.
24
52; (
2001
)
Pe
rs
com
m.:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
48
; (20
00)
Pers
co
mm
.: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
42; (
1999
)
Pe
rs
com
m.:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
31
; (19
98)
Pers
co
mm
.: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
1,55
4kg
wor
ked
ivor
y on
sal
e in
68
outle
ts (2
002)
M
ore
Ivor
y th
an
Elep
hant
s:
Dom
estic
Ivo
ry M
arke
ts i
n Th
ree
Wes
t A
fric
an C
ount
ries,
TRA
FFIC
(2
003)
Iv
ory
offe
red
for
sale
on
road
ne
ar P
etite
Gui
glo
(May
200
2)
Pers
com
m.:
Jana
Ris
t (M
ay 2
002)
Cot
e d’
Ivoi
re
Ivor
y fo
r sa
le a
t Ta
i vi
llage
m
arke
t (M
ay 2
002)
Pe
rs c
omm
.: Ja
na R
ist (
May
200
2)
25;
Gar
amba
N
atio
nal
Park
(J
uly
2004
)
R
eute
rs (A
ugus
t 200
4)
Ove
r 1,
000;
Gar
amba
Nat
iona
l Par
k.
Tonn
es o
f ivo
ry b
eing
take
n ov
er th
e bo
rder
in
to
neig
hbou
ring
Suda
n (A
pril
2003
– A
pril
2004
)
Save
the
Rhi
no I
nter
natio
nal
(May
20
04)
Mas
sive
ele
phan
t ki
lling
in
Oka
pi
Wild
life
Res
erve
(O
ctob
er 2
002
– Ju
ly 2
003)
John
Har
t, W
CS
(rep
orte
d in
Mai
l an
d G
uard
ian)
(Aug
ust 2
003)
Dem
ocra
tic
Rep
ublic
of C
ongo
2;
Viru
nga
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk
(Apr
il 20
03)
Pers
Com
m:
Jobo
go M
irind
i (M
ay
2003
)
24
300;
Kah
uzi B
iega
NP
(200
1)
Con
gole
se
Inst
itute
fo
r N
atur
e C
onse
rvat
ion/
PNA
(Mar
ch 2
001)
26
; Aro
und
Bili
(Aug
ust –
Nov
embe
r 20
01)
Save
the
Elep
hant
s (Ja
nuar
y 20
02)
2; O
kapi
Fau
nal
Res
erve
(A
ugus
t 20
00)
CIT
ES P
rop
12.1
1
300;
(199
8/9)
St
op th
e C
lock
(Apr
il 20
00)
3,00
0; (1
999)
St
op th
e C
lock
(Apr
il 20
00)
17
,000
kg
(at
leas
t);
Oka
pi
Faun
al R
eser
ve (2
004)
Rap
port
sur
le
Bra
conn
age
D'E
leph
ant E
t Sur
Le
Com
mer
ce d
e l'I
voire
Dan
s et
al l
a Pe
riphe
rie d
e la
re
serv
e de
fau
ne a
oka
pis
(RFO
) Itu
ri, R
DC
(Dec
embe
r 200
4)
3,
000k
g; Is
iro (A
pril
2000
)
Rep
ort
of t
he P
anel
Exp
erts
on
the
Illeg
al
Expl
oita
tion
of
Nat
ural
R
esou
rces
and
oth
er fo
rms
of w
ealth
of
the
DR
C (2
001)
2,00
0kg;
trac
ed in
Buk
avu
(late
20
00)
R
epor
t of
the
Pan
el E
xper
ts o
n th
e Ill
egal
Ex
ploi
tatio
n of
N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es a
nd o
ther
form
s of
wea
lth
of th
e D
RC
(200
1)
80
0 kg
; Gar
amba
Nat
iona
l Par
k (A
ugus
t 200
0)
R
epor
t of
the
Pan
el E
xper
ts o
n th
e Ill
egal
Ex
ploi
tatio
n of
N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es a
nd o
ther
form
s of
wea
lth
of th
e D
RC
(200
1)
2
tusk
s; (2
003)
Pers
Com
m:
Jobo
go M
irind
i (M
ay
2003
)
Aro
und
12 t
usks
and
oth
er
ivor
y pi
eces
see
n on
sal
e in
K
isan
gani
(Nov
embe
r 200
2)
BB
C (N
ovem
ber 2
002)
Equ
ator
ial G
uine
a
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Eri
trea
No
inci
dent
s of
ivo
ry s
eizu
res
repo
rted.
Hez
y Sh
osha
ni (2
006)
25
13
8 pi
eces
raw
ivor
y / 3
88.8
kg;
1517
pi
eces
w
orke
d iv
ory
131.
8kg;
(19
98 –
200
4)
Et
hiop
ian
Wild
life
Con
serv
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t, M
inis
try o
f A
gric
ultu
re
and
Rur
al D
evel
opm
ent (
2007
)
50
0kg;
dur
ing
raid
s in
Add
is
Aba
ba (J
anua
ry 2
005)
Ethi
opia
n W
ildlif
e A
utho
rity
(200
5)
4
tusk
s; (A
pril
2007
)
Ethi
opia
n W
ildlif
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Dep
artm
ent,
Min
istry
of
Agr
icul
ture
an
d R
ural
Dev
elop
men
t (20
07)
Eth
iopi
a
Rep
ort
sugg
ests
tha
t Et
hiop
ia
is a
mar
ket f
or la
rge
quan
titie
s of
ivor
y
Kim
H
owel
l, A
fric
an
Reg
iona
l R
epor
t to
17th
Ani
mal
s C
omm
ittee
m
eetin
g (J
uly/
Aug
ust 2
001)
53
po
achi
ng
cam
ps
and
27
elep
hant
ca
rcas
ses;
fo
und
durin
g M
IKE
surv
ey
of
Con
go
Bas
in.
Gre
ates
t nu
mbe
r of
car
cass
es f
ound
in
Min
kebe
Nat
iona
l Par
k (2
007)
Fore
st E
leph
ant
Cris
is i
n th
e C
ongo
B
asin
(200
6)
500-
1,00
0; k
illed
ann
ually
B
BC
New
s Onl
ine
(Oct
ober
200
2)
3; (1
999)
C
ITES
Doc
. 11.
31.1
20
; (19
98)
CIT
ES D
oc. 1
1.31
.1
Gab
on
80
tu
sks;
O
yem
(D
ecem
ber
2003
)
Pers
co
mm
: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
4; (2
004)
R
epor
t of
th
e C
ITES
A
fric
an
Con
sulta
tive
Mee
ting
(Mar
ch 2
004)
8;
(200
3)
Rep
ort
of
the
CIT
ES
Afr
ican
C
onsu
ltativ
e M
eetin
g (M
arch
200
4)
9; (2
002)
R
epor
t of
th
e C
ITES
A
fric
an
Con
sulta
tive
Mee
ting
(Mar
ch 2
004)
10
; (20
01)
Rep
ort
of
the
CIT
ES
Afr
ican
C
onsu
ltativ
e M
eetin
g (M
arch
200
4)
6; (2
000)
R
epor
t of
th
e C
ITES
A
fric
an
Con
sulta
tive
Mee
ting
(Mar
ch 2
004)
Gha
na
29; (
1997
– 1
999)
D
r Pa
ula
Kah
umbu
, no
tes
from
El
epha
nt
Ran
ge
Stat
es
Mee
ting
(Aug
ust,
2002
)
26
2
tusk
s / 7
kg; (
2002
)
Dr
Hed
ia
Bec
car,
note
s fr
om
Elep
hant
R
ange
St
ates
M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
11
tusk
s / 3
8.50
kg; (
2000
)
Dr
Hed
ia
Bec
car,
note
s fr
om
Elep
hant
R
ange
St
ates
M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
8
tusk
s / 3
4kg;
(199
9)
D
r H
edia
B
ecca
r, no
tes
from
El
epha
nt
Ran
ge
Stat
es
Mee
ting
(Aug
ust 2
002)
8 tu
sks /
11.
14k;
g (1
998)
Dr
Hed
ia
Bec
car,
note
s fr
om
Elep
hant
R
ange
St
ates
M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
Ivor
y op
enly
sol
d in
sho
ppin
g m
alls
, in
clud
ing
‘Art
Cen
tre’
in A
ccra
. (20
03)
Pers
com
m. (
July
200
3)
1; (2
002)
D
r H
edia
B
ecca
r: N
otes
fr
om
Elep
hant
R
ange
St
ates
M
eetin
g (A
ugus
t 200
2)
1; (1
999)
Pe
rs
com
m:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
1;
(199
8)
Pers
co
mm
: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
Gui
nea
Ivor
y op
enly
so
ld
in
loca
l m
arke
ts i
n C
onak
ry;
scul
pted
tu
sk
sold
fo
r 2.
5 m
illio
n G
uine
an
Fran
ces
(US$
693)
.
Trad
er r
epor
ted
that
the
ivo
ry
cam
e fr
om
Bur
kina
Fa
so,
Nig
er,
Nig
eria
or
the
Ivor
y C
oast
to b
e sc
ulpt
ed lo
cally
.
Pers
com
m..
(Apr
il 20
07)
12; (
2006
)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(2
007)
21
; (20
05)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(200
7)
Indi
a
31; (
2004
)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(2
007)
27
2; W
ynad
dis
trict
(Jun
e 20
03)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(Jun
e 20
03)
1; in
Ker
ala
(Feb
ruar
y 20
03)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(Feb
ruar
y 20
03)
6 at
lea
st;
Cor
bett
Tige
r R
eser
ve
(200
0)
Wild
life
Trus
t of I
ndia
(Jul
y 20
04)
8; (J
anua
ry –
June
200
2)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(Jul
y 20
02)
42; (
2001
)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(J
uly
2002
) 48
; (20
00)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(Jul
y 20
02)
1.
8kg;
Lo
kapr
iya
Gop
inat
h B
ordo
loi
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (A
pril
2007
)
Th
e Te
legr
aph
(Apr
il 20
07)
8
tusk
s; U
dala
(Mar
200
7)
w
ww
.kal
inga
times
.com
14kg
of
tu
sks;
O
rissa
(F
eb
2007
)
ww
w.k
alin
gatim
es.c
om
2
tusk
s; (J
anua
ry 2
007)
ww
w.h
indu
.com
119.
15kg
/ 12
tusk
s / 5
7 pi
eces
; (2
006)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(200
7)
72
.37k
g / 2
8 tu
sks
/ 24
piec
es;
(200
5)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(2
007)
128.
98kg
/ 11
tusk
s / 2
5 pi
eces
; (2
004)
Wild
life
Prot
ectio
n So
ciet
y of
Ind
ia
(200
7)
14
9.69
kg /
1 un
wei
ghed
pie
ce /
8 tu
sks;
(200
3)
W
ildlif
e Tr
ust o
f Ind
ia (J
uly
2004
)
11
4.4k
g / 4
2 un
wei
ghed
pie
ces;
(J
anua
ry –
June
200
2)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(J
uly
2002
)
89kg
/ 5
unw
eigh
ed p
iece
s /
2 un
wei
ghed
tu
sks;
(J
uly
– D
ecem
ber 2
002)
W
ildlif
e Tr
ust o
f Ind
ia (J
uly
2004
)
25
9.07
kg
ivor
y se
ized
, no
t in
clud
ing
15 u
nwei
ghed
tus
ks,
and
3 un
wei
ghed
pi
eces
; (2
000)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(J
uly
2002
)
28
42
0.91
kg
ivor
y se
ized
, no
t in
clud
ing
9 un
wei
ghed
tus
ks
and
770
unw
eigh
ed
piec
es
(pri
mar
ily b
angl
es) (
2001
)
W
ildlif
e Pr
otec
tion
Soci
ety
of I
ndia
(J
uly
2002
)
1,
500k
g; (1
998/
1999
)
Stop
the
Clo
ck (A
pril
2000
) 8;
Way
Kam
bas
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk (
July
20
04)
The
Jaka
rta P
ost (
July
200
4)
17; N
orth
Sum
atra
(Apr
il 20
04)
Ant
ara
(Apr
il 20
04)
4; T
NB
BS
(Jan
uary
200
4)
The
Jaka
rta P
ost (
July
200
4)
6; R
iau
Prov
ince
(200
4)
Ant
ara
(Apr
il 20
04)
1;
Way
K
amba
s N
atio
nal
Park
(S
epte
mbe
r 200
3)
The
Jaka
rta P
ost (
July
200
4)
4;
Way
K
amba
s N
atio
nal
Park
(A
ugus
t 200
3)
The
Jaka
rta P
ost (
July
200
4)
5;
Tala
ng
Bam
ban
Fore
st,
Wes
t La
mpu
ng (O
ctob
er 2
003)
Th
e Ja
karta
Pos
t (O
ctob
er 2
003)
1; U
lu S
ipur
ak (F
ebru
ary
2003
)
A
ntar
a (J
uly
2003
) 2;
Bat
ang
Mer
angi
n (2
003)
A
ntar
a (J
uly
2003
) 20
0; s
ince
199
3 in
the
Sou
th B
ukit
Bar
isan
Nat
iona
l Par
k
The
Jaka
rta P
ost (
Oct
ober
200
4)
Indo
nesi
a
Dep
artm
ent
stor
es i
n Ja
karta
di
spla
y iv
ory
carv
ings
Sa
n D
iego
U
nion
-Trib
une
(May
20
02)
35; (
2004
)
K
WS,
Aug
ust 2
004
73; (
2003
)
K
WS,
Aug
ust 2
004
132;
(200
2)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4 57
; (20
01)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4 41
; (20
00)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4 67
; (19
99)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4 41
; (19
98)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4
871.
1kg
/ 8
tusk
s /
16 p
iece
s;
(200
6)
K
WS
(200
6)
77
9.35
kg /
26 p
iece
s; (2
005)
KW
S (2
006)
304k
g / 9
pie
ces;
(200
4)
K
WS
(200
6)
Ken
ya
17
tusk
s; K
itale
(Nov
embe
r 20
04).
Not
incl
uded
in K
WS
data
.
LA
TF (2
006)
29
21
3 tu
sks /
985
kg; (
2003
)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4
89 tu
sks /
603
.4kg
; (20
02)
K
WS,
Aug
ust 2
004
45
4 tu
sks /
646
.15k
g; (2
001)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4
165
tusk
s / 4
47.1
5kg;
(200
0)
K
WS,
Aug
ust 2
004
40
9 tu
sks /
188
0.4k
g; (1
999)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4
80
tusk
s / 3
48.4
kg; (
1998
)
KW
S, A
ugus
t 200
4 L
ao
Peop
le’s
D
emoc
ratic
R
epub
lic
1424
ite
ms;
inc
ludi
ng c
arve
d tu
sks,
foun
d in
63
out
of 1
82
shop
s su
rvey
ed
in
2 to
wns
(J
anua
ry 2
001)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Save
Th
e El
epha
nts
(200
2)
Lib
eria
9;
(199
9 –
2002
)
Pe
rs c
omm
: El
epha
nt R
ange
Sta
tes
Mee
ting
(Aug
ust 2
002)
1 tu
sk; (
2006
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
M
alaw
i
10
tusk
s /
127k
g;
Mac
hing
a (J
uly
2003
)
Envi
ronm
enta
l N
ews
Serv
ice
(Jan
uary
200
) 1;
Fel
da M
ayam
Pah
ang
(Jun
e 20
02)
Pers
com
m:
Elep
hant
Ran
ge S
tate
s M
eetin
g
4 tu
sks;
(Jan
uary
200
3)
C
onfid
entia
l sou
rce
Mal
aysi
a
27
ca
rved
pi
eces
; sh
ops
in
Equa
toria
l H
otel
, Pa
rk
Roy
al
Hot
el
and
Shan
gri-L
a H
otel
, K
uala
Lum
pur (
Apr
il 20
02)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin 1
9/1
(200
1)
6; (1
998)
Pe
rs
com
m:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
M
ali
2
tusk
s /
16.5
kg;
Gou
rma
(Mar
ch 2
003)
Rep
ort
of
the
CIT
ES
Afr
ican
C
onsu
ltativ
e M
eetin
g (M
arch
200
4)
Mau
rita
nia
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
87; (
Janu
ary
– Ju
ly 2
001)
Pe
rs c
omm
: Mar
k Je
nkin
s (M
ay
2001
) It
is b
elie
ved
that
onl
y 5%
of c
arca
sses
are
fo
und
Moz
ambi
que
560;
(200
0)
Pers
com
m: M
ark
Jenk
ins (
May
20
01)
It is
bel
ieve
d th
at o
nly
5% o
f car
cass
es a
re
foun
d
30
‘Hun
ters
ha
ve
cont
inue
d ki
lling
el
epha
nts,
upse
tting
th
e ra
tio
of
mal
es
to
fem
ales
an
d le
adin
g to
de
clin
es in
birt
h ra
te.’
(May
200
4)
AFP
(May
200
4)
Mya
nmar
5,80
1 ite
ms
seen
for
sal
e in
M
yanm
ar (F
ebru
ary
2001
) Th
e So
uth
and
Sout
h Ea
st A
sian
Iv
ory
Mar
kets
, Es
mon
d M
artin
&
Dan
iel
Stile
s/
Save
th
e El
epha
nts
(200
2)
7; (2
003)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
5; (2
002)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
2; (2
001)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
2; (2
000)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
12; (
1999
)
C
op13
Pro
p 7
4; (1
998)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
4
tusk
s; E
rong
o re
gion
(J
uly
2004
)
The
Nam
ibia
n (J
uly
2004
)
41
tusk
s / 3
09.4
0kg;
(200
3)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
29
tusk
s / 1
45.1
0kg;
(200
2)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
41
tusk
s / 2
19.7
0kg;
(200
1)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
47
tusk
s / 2
86.6
0kg;
(200
0)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
77
tusk
s / 4
10.5
0kg;
(199
9)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
Nam
ibia
84
tusk
s / 4
67.8
0kg;
(199
8)
C
oP13
Pro
p 7
1; se
ized
Dis
trict
Pili
bhit
(Sep
tem
ber
2003
)
W
ildlif
e Tr
ust
of I
ndia
(Se
ptem
ber
2003
)
1,
546
ivor
y ite
ms
foun
d on
sa
le
with
in
57
shop
s in
K
athm
andu
(200
1)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Sa
ve
the
Elep
hant
s (2
002)
Nep
al
1,45
4 iv
ory
item
s fo
und
on
sale
w
ithin
71
sh
ops
in
Kat
hman
du (1
998)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Sa
ve
the
Elep
hant
s (2
002)
N
iger
2;
(200
3)
Pers
com
m: D
r Hed
ia B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
31
1; (2
002)
Pe
rs c
omm
: Dr H
edia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
1; (2
000)
Pe
rs c
omm
: Dr H
edia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
2;
(199
8)
Pers
com
m: D
r Hed
ia B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
2
tusk
s; H
otel
Tap
oa (1
998)
Pers
com
m: D
r Hed
ia B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
Nig
eria
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
1;
(Jul
y 20
02)
Pers
com
m.,
conf
iden
tial (
July
200
3)
Rw
anda
32 tu
sks;
Kig
ali (
Apr
il 20
03)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
Sene
gal
N
o se
izur
e fo
r 10
year
s Th
ousa
nds
of c
arve
d ite
ms
for
sale
and
act
ive
carv
ing
seen
in
the
mai
n to
uris
t m
arke
t of
D
akar
(Jun
e 20
02)
Bor
n Fr
ee F
ound
atio
n (J
une
2002
)
1; F
into
mia
Nat
iona
l Par
k (2
006)
W
ildlif
e Se
nior
G
ame
Supe
rinte
nden
t (M
arch
200
7)
5;
Lom
a m
ount
ain
non-
hunt
ing
rese
rve
(Aug
ust 2
006)
W
ildlif
e Se
nior
G
ame
Supe
rinte
nden
t (M
arch
200
7)
3; K
oina
dugu
rese
rve
(200
5)
Wild
life
Seni
or
Gam
e Su
perin
tend
ent (
Mar
ch 2
007)
2;
O
utam
ba-K
ilim
i N
atio
nal
Park
(O
ctob
er 2
003)
Se
nior
Gam
e Su
perin
tend
ent (
Mar
ch
2004
)
2 tu
sks;
Fre
etow
n (2
006)
Wild
life
Seni
or
Gam
e Su
perin
tend
ent (
Mar
ch 2
007)
Sier
ra L
eone
6
piec
es w
orke
d iv
ory;
sei
zed
from
UN
pea
ce m
onito
r (M
arch
–
Apr
il 20
03)
Se
nior
Gam
e Su
perin
tend
ent (
Mar
ch
2004
)
Som
alia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
6; K
ruge
r Nat
iona
l Par
k (2
003)
N
ews 2
4 (M
arch
200
4)
311;
Kru
ger N
atio
nal P
ark
(199
8)
Prop
11.
24 (
quot
ing
Satu
rday
Sta
r, M
arch
199
8)
Sout
h A
fric
a
40
0 iv
ory
orna
men
ts;
Sunn
ingh
ill (J
une
2006
)
Inde
pend
ent O
nlin
e (J
une
2006
)
32
80
0kg;
‘lef
t-ove
r’ a
fter
poac
hers
cut
tusk
s (20
06?)
CoP
14 P
rop
6 N
ote:
Est
imat
e of
ori
gina
l am
ount
is 1
,600
kg,
give
n th
at a
roun
d 50
% o
f ivo
ry is
usu
ally
lost
in
the
cutti
ng p
roce
ss.
27
tusk
s; (J
une
2006
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
233k
g; (F
ebru
ary
2006
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
7.5k
g; (M
arch
200
5)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
11
.8kg
; B
eit
Brid
ge
Bor
der
Cro
ssin
g (A
ugus
t 200
4)
In
depe
nden
t Onl
ine
(Aug
ust 2
004)
*t
he 4
th in
cide
nt in
8 m
onth
s at t
his b
orde
r cr
ossi
ng”
11
2.5k
g; (2
004)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
232k
g; (2
003)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
2 tu
sks;
Dur
ban
(May
200
3)
Th
e In
depe
nden
t (M
ay 2
003)
4 pi
eces
raw
ivor
y; (M
ay 2
002)
Fina
ncia
l Tim
es (M
ay 2
002)
7 tu
sks;
90k
g; P
reto
ria (
Apr
il 20
02)
N
ews 2
4 (A
pril
2002
)
1
tusk
/ 54
.8kg
; (A
pril
2002
)
Wild
net n
ews
Tusk
cut
from
car
cass
nea
r Sh
ingw
edzi
22
tus
ks /
140
kg;
Piet
ersb
urg
(Oct
ober
200
1)
A
fric
a N
ews
Serv
ice
(Nov
embe
r 20
01)
26
tu
sks;
V
rybu
rg
(Mar
ch
2001
)
New
s 24
(Mar
ch 2
001)
8
tusk
s;
Pret
oria
(S
epte
mbe
r 20
00)
ES
PU /
Pre
toria
New
s (S
epte
mbe
r 20
00)
1
tusk
/ 65
kg; (
Dec
embe
r 199
9)
R
eute
rs (D
ecem
ber 1
999)
20 tu
sks;
(199
9)
St
op th
e C
lock
(Apr
il 20
00)
53
tusk
s; (1
998)
Stop
the
Clo
ck (A
pril
2000
)
23 p
iece
s; (J
anua
ry 1
999)
Sri
Lank
a C
usto
ms
(Sep
tem
ber
2002
) Sr
i Lan
ka
2
tusk
s; (J
anua
ry 1
999)
Sri
Lank
a C
usto
ms
(Sep
tem
ber
2002
)
33
62
0 ite
ms;
for s
ale
in 2
2 sh
ops
(Nov
embe
r 200
0)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Save
th
e El
epha
nts
(200
2)
23
4 pi
eces
; Kor
dofa
n (2
005)
Con
fiden
tial (
2006
)
1,53
0kg;
Kom
Om
bo (
Aug
ust
2000
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6 Su
dan
11,0
00 i
vory
ite
ms;
see
n on
di
spla
y in
50
sh
ops
in
Kha
rtoum
, O
mdu
rman
an
d K
harto
um
Nor
th
(Mar
ch
2005
)
Larg
e Q
uant
ities
of I
llega
l Ivo
ry o
n Sa
le in
Sud
an –
Dr E
smun
d M
artin
(M
arch
200
5)
Swaz
iland
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
2;
R
uaha
N
atio
nal
Park
(A
ugus
t 20
03)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (O
ctob
er 2
003)
5;
Rua
ha
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk
(Jan
uary
20
02)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (M
ay 2
002)
3; M
anya
ra ra
nch
(Jun
e 20
01)
Tara
ngire
Ele
phan
t Pro
ject
(O
ctob
er
2001
) 4;
Mar
ang
Fore
st (2
001)
Ta
rang
ire E
leph
ant P
roje
ct (
Oct
ober
20
01)
3;
next
to
A
rush
a N
atio
nal
Park
(2
001)
Ta
rang
ire E
leph
ant P
roje
ct (
Oct
ober
20
01)
1;
Lake
N
atro
n G
ame
Con
trolle
d A
rea
(Oct
ober
200
1)
AW
F Pr
ess
Rel
ease
(N
ovem
ber
2001
) 8
(min
imum
); Se
lous
(200
1)
Cat
herin
e M
uir (
Janu
ary
2002
) 20
; Run
gwa
(Oct
ober
199
9)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (J
anua
ry 2
000)
15
; R
uaha
N
P (A
pril
1998
–
Dec
embe
r 200
0)
Frie
nds
of R
uaha
Soc
iety
(Dec
embe
r 20
00)
2
tusk
s; (O
ctob
er 2
006)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e
14 tu
sks;
(Oct
ober
200
6)
w
ww
.aru
shat
imes
.co.
tz
35
tu
sks;
D
ar
es
Sala
am
(Sep
tem
ber 2
006)
Tanz
ania
Sta
ndar
d (S
epte
mbe
r 200
6)
35
.5kg
; (M
ay 2
006)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
23 tu
sks;
Irin
ga (J
anua
ry 2
006)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
Tan
zani
a,
Uni
ted
Rep
ublic
8
tusk
s; A
rush
a (J
anua
ry 2
006)
Aru
sha
Tim
es, J
une
2006
34
13
9 pi
eces
of r
aw iv
ory
and
32
piec
es
of
proc
esse
d iv
ory
(car
ving
s) /
475.
5kg;
(200
5)
U
nite
d R
epub
lic
of
Tanz
ania
, C
ount
ry
Rep
ort
to
16th
In
terp
ol
Envi
ro C
rime
Task
For
ce M
eetin
g
(200
5)
15
tu
sks
/ 53
kg;
Ifak
ara
(Dec
embe
r 200
5)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
43
tusk
s / 6
9kg;
(Aug
ust 2
004)
The
Gua
rdia
n (T
anza
nia)
(A
ugus
t 20
04)
73
tu
sks;
D
ar
es
Sala
am
(Jan
uary
200
4)
R
eute
rs (J
anua
ry 2
004)
47
tu
sks
/ 10
0 kg
; D
ar
es
Sala
am (N
ovem
ber 2
003)
Xin
hua
New
s A
genc
y (N
ovem
ber
2003
)
25 tu
sks;
Ruf
iji (O
ctob
er 2
003)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
4 tu
sks
and
43 p
iece
s; (
June
20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l sou
rce
(200
3)
43
tusk
s; T
abor
a (J
une
2003
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
22 t
usks
; M
anyo
ni (
Sept
embe
r 20
02)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
13
6 pi
eces
; D
ar
es
Sala
am
(Feb
ruar
y 20
02)
Th
e G
uard
ian
(Feb
ruar
y 20
02)
5
tusk
s an
d 22
pie
ces;
Dar
es
Sala
am (F
ebru
ary
2002
)
Dai
ly N
ews (
Febr
uary
200
2)
1,
255
tusk
s /
3,00
0kg;
Dar
es
Sala
am (J
anua
ry 2
002)
AC
18
Doc
5.
1 /
Wild
net
Afr
ica
New
s Arc
hive
(Jan
uary
200
2)
42
tusk
s / 5
80kg
; (20
01)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
25
pi
eces
; D
ar
es
Sala
am
(Dec
embe
r 200
1)
D
aily
New
s (D
ecem
ber 2
001)
11
3 pi
eces
raw
ivo
ry a
nd 9
1 pi
eces
w
orke
d iv
ory;
(A
pril
2001
)
IF
AW
(200
4)
27
tusk
s; (2
000)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (2
000)
47
tusk
s; (D
ecem
ber 1
999)
Con
fiden
tial s
ourc
e (2
003)
7;
H
uay
Kha
kaen
g-Th
ung
Yai
N
ares
uan
wild
life
sanc
tuar
ies
(fou
nd
Mar
ch 2
001)
Ban
gkok
Pos
t (A
pril
2001
) T
haila
nd
87
0kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
The
Star
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
35
1,
286
item
s / 9
.4kg
; jew
elle
ry
and
orna
men
ts se
ized
in
Ban
gkha
e M
all (
2004
)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
50
9 ite
ms /
3kg
; jew
elle
ry a
nd
orna
men
ts se
ized
Pha
yath
ai
Roa
d (M
arch
200
4)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
93
2 ite
ms /
19k
g; je
wel
lery
and
or
nam
ents
seiz
ed a
t Ind
ra
Reg
ent H
otel
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
1,
000k
g du
ring
2003
at
Ban
gkok
Inte
rnat
iona
l Airp
ort,
incl
udin
g:
65 tu
sks /
501
kg; B
angk
ok
inte
rnat
iona
l airp
ort (
July
200
3)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol 2
0 N
o. 1
(2
004)
X
inhu
a N
ews (
July
200
3) /
Inte
rnat
iona
l Fun
d fo
r Ani
mal
W
elfa
re (J
uly
2003
)
160k
g; (A
ugus
t 200
2)
IF
AW
(200
4)
1,
554k
g;
Payu
hakh
iri
Dis
trict
(A
ugus
t – O
ctob
er 2
002)
WW
F Th
aila
nd (2
004)
12
1 pi
eces
/ 3
62kg
; B
angk
ok
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (A
ugus
t 20
02)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
56
pi
eces
/
160k
g;
Ban
gkok
In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort
(Aug
ust
2002
)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
21
3kg;
(Jun
e 20
02)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
19
4kg;
B
angk
ok
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (M
ay 2
002)
WW
F Th
aila
nd (2
004)
60
pi
eces
/
195k
g;
Ban
gkok
In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort
(May
20
02)
W
WF
Thai
land
(200
4)
11
6 pi
eces
/ 4
00kg
; B
angk
ok
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (M
ay
2002
)
A
nano
va.c
om (M
ay 2
002)
36
30
tus
ks /
203
kg;
Don
Mua
ng
airp
ort (
Nov
embe
r 200
1)
B
angk
ok P
ost
(Nov
embe
r 200
1)
Orig
in: K
enya
11
2 tu
sks;
48
8kg;
B
angk
ok
airp
ort (
May
200
0)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol 1
8 N
o 3
(Dec
embe
r 200
0)
Orig
in: Z
ambi
a
45
0 pi
eces
raw
ivor
y; B
angk
ok
Airp
ort (
1998
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
000)
27,6
89 iv
ory
piec
es fo
r sal
e in
10
4 so
uven
ir sh
ops
in
Ban
gkok
, w
eigh
ing
1,50
0kg
(Aug
ust 2
003)
Ban
gkok
Pos
t (r
epor
ting
on A
kiri
Kan
ayam
a’s
PhD
th
esis
), (A
ugus
t 20
03)
Ivor
y pr
oduc
ts s
old
in 8
0% o
f 18
bor
der
tradi
ng p
oint
s, an
d 18
9 B
angk
ok h
otel
s (20
01)
WW
F (2
001)
99
% o
f ivo
ry in
loca
l mar
ket (
Bang
kok)
was
fr
om A
fric
an e
leph
ants
88,1
79 i
tem
s fo
r sa
le i
n 19
4 sh
ops
in 3
tow
ns (
Febr
uary
an
d M
arch
200
1)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles
/ Sa
ve t
he E
leph
ants
(2
002)
22
; (20
02)
Pers
co
mm
: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
11; (
2001
)
Pe
rs
com
m:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
15
; (20
00)
Pers
co
mm
: D
r H
edia
B
acca
r (S
epte
mbe
r 200
2)
1; (1
999)
Pe
rs
com
m:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
Tog
o
43; (
1998
)
Pe
rs
com
m:
Dr
Hed
ia
Bac
car
(Sep
tem
ber 2
002)
3;
M
urch
ison
Fa
lls
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk
(Jan
uary
200
5)
7;
Mur
chis
on
Falls
N
atio
nal
Park
(M
arch
200
3)
Age
nce
Fran
ce
Pres
se
(Sep
tem
ber
2003
)
Uga
nda
12; n
orth
-eas
tern
Uga
nda
(200
3)
Inte
r-Pr
ess
Serv
ice
New
s A
genc
y (M
ay 2
003)
37
1;
Que
en
Eliz
abet
h N
atio
nal
Park
(2
000)
Pe
rs
com
m.:
conf
iden
tial
sour
ce
(Jan
uary
200
2)
25
3kg;
K
ampa
la
(Dec
embe
r 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
65
kg;
Kaf
u R
iver
(A
ugus
t 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
8k
g; B
usia
(Jul
y 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
6.
5kg;
Kam
pala
(Jun
e 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
2
tusk
s; K
idep
o N
atio
nal
Park
(N
ovem
ber 2
004)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
3
tusk
s; E
nteb
be In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort (
Apr
il 20
04)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
13
kg; (
July
200
3)
U
WA
/ M
ail
and
Gua
rdia
n (A
ugus
t 20
03)
9
tusk
s / 2
2kg;
(200
3)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
9
carv
ings
/ 15
kg;
Ente
bbe
(Jun
e200
3)
C
onfid
entia
l sou
rce
(200
3)
19
4kg;
(May
200
2)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
15
0 tu
sk
piec
es
(Jan
uary
–
Aug
ust 2
002)
Engl
ish
Dai
ly N
ew V
isio
n (A
ugus
t 20
02)
91
tu
sks
/ 21
3kg;
se
ized
En
tebb
e In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort
(Jun
e 20
01)
N
ew V
isio
n (J
uly
2001
)
11
0kg;
M
urch
ison
Fa
lls
Nat
iona
l Par
k (A
pril
2001
)
Inte
rnat
iona
l fu
nd
for
Ani
mal
W
elfa
re (2
002)
34
piec
es;
Kar
uma
Mas
indi
(M
arch
200
1)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
5
tusk
s /
9kg;
K
afu
Brid
ge
Nak
ason
gola
(Mar
ch 2
000)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
1
tusk
; N
sam
bya,
K
ampa
la
(Jun
e 20
00)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
12
cu
t pi
eces
; K
afu
Brid
ge
Nak
ason
gola
(Jan
uary
200
0)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
50
kg; K
afu
Brid
ge N
akas
ongo
la
(Mar
ch 2
000)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
38
35 a
ssor
ted
carv
ings
; En
tebb
e In
tern
atio
nal A
irpor
t (D
ecem
ber
1999
)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
Poac
hing
de
crea
sed
wild
el
epha
nt
popu
latio
n by
90
%
to
just
40
-50
anim
als (
July
200
4)
Req
uest
fo
r he
lp
from
Pr
ime
Min
iste
r Pha
n V
an K
hai (
July
200
4)
1;
Bac
Tr
a M
y di
stric
t (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
D
euts
che
Pres
se-A
gent
ur (
Febr
uary
20
04)
26
tus
ks /
117
.5kg
; N
orth
ern
Vie
tnam
(Dec
embe
r 200
6)
w
ww
.env
ietn
am.o
rg
73
0kg;
H
a N
oi’s
Lo
ng
Bie
n D
istri
ct (D
ecem
ber 2
004)
Vie
tnam
New
s A
genc
y (D
ecem
ber
2004
)
Vie
tnam
3,03
9 iv
ory
item
s fo
r sa
le i
n 50
shop
s (Ja
nuar
y 20
01)
The
Sout
h an
d So
uth
East
Asi
an
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
D
anie
l St
iles/
Save
th
e El
epha
nts
(200
2)
28; C
hiaw
a G
MA
(200
2)
Rep
ort o
f the
Pan
el o
f Exp
erts
on
the
Afr
ican
Ele
phan
t on
the
rev
iew
of
the
prop
osal
sub
mitt
ed b
y Za
mbi
a,
CoP
12 D
oc 6
6, A
nnex
4 (
Oct
ober
20
02)
7;
Low
er
Zam
bezi
N
atio
nal
Park
(2
002)
C
onse
rvat
ion
Low
er
Zam
bezi
, A
frik
eye.
net (
2004
) 13
; (20
01)
Prop
12.9
16
; Lo
wer
Zam
bezi
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk
(200
1)
Con
serv
atio
n Lo
wer
Za
mbe
zi,
Afr
ikey
e.ne
t (20
04)
16; (
2000
)
Pr
op12
.9
Zam
bia
156
(est
); ce
ntra
l Kaf
ue N
P, (2
000)
R
epor
t of t
he P
anel
of E
xper
ts o
n th
e A
fric
an E
leph
ant
on t
he r
evie
w o
f th
e pr
opos
al s
ubm
itted
by
Zam
bia,
C
oP12
Doc
66,
Ann
ex 4
(O
ctob
er
2002
)
39
800
per y
ear (
est);
ille
gal o
ffta
ke
Rep
ort o
f the
Pan
el o
f Exp
erts
on
the
Afr
ican
Ele
phan
t on
the
rev
iew
of
the
prop
osal
sub
mitt
ed b
y Za
mbi
a,
CoP
12 D
oc 6
6, A
nnex
4 (
Oct
ober
20
02)
1,19
8; Z
ambe
zi V
alle
y Fl
oor (
1999
)
Le
thal
Exp
erim
ent (
2000
)
0.3k
g;
Lusa
ka
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (Se
ptem
ber 2
006)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
70
.8kg
(Aug
ust 2
006)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
39.4
kg; S
hang
ombo
(Jul
y 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
21
.6kg
; Si
oma-
Ngw
ezi
(Jul
y 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
15
kg;
Siom
a-N
gwez
i (J
uly
2006
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
8.
5kg;
(Feb
ruar
y 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
1k
g; (F
ebru
ary
2006
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
2kg;
(Feb
ruar
y 20
06)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
4k
g; (F
ebru
ary
2006
)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
9kg;
(Jan
uary
200
6)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
37
7kg;
Lus
aka
(Jul
y 20
05)
C
oP14
Pro
p 6
10
tu
sks
/ 19
kg;
Luan
gwa
Bom
a (D
ecem
ber 2
005)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
2
tusk
s; (D
ecem
ber 2
004)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
691
piec
es;
Chi
lang
a (J
uly
2004
)
The
Tim
es o
f Zam
bia
(Jul
y 20
04)
48
iv
ory
carv
ings
; (M
arch
20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
19
tu
sks;
(J
anua
ry
– M
arch
20
01)
Th
e Po
st (L
usak
a) (M
ay 2
001)
93
tus
ks; (
Oct
ober
– D
ecem
ber
2000
)
The
Post
(Lus
aka)
(May
200
1)
14
pi
eces
; M
umbw
a-Lu
saka
R
oad
(Aug
ust 2
000)
The
Tim
es o
f Zam
bia
(Aug
ust 2
003)
63
tusk
s; (J
anua
ry –
July
200
0)
A
A.n
et (S
epte
mbe
r 200
0)
53
pie
ces;
Lus
aka
Inte
rnat
iona
l A
irpor
t (A
pril
2000
)
Zam
bia
Dai
ly M
ail (
Apr
il 20
00)
40
24
tusk
s; (1
999)
ZAW
A II
U (M
arch
200
0)
60
tusk
s; (1
998)
ZAW
A II
U (M
arch
200
0)
1,
344k
g; (1
998)
ZAW
A II
U (M
arch
2000
) 1;
Lim
popo
Tra
nsfr
ontie
r N
atio
nal
Park
(Jun
e 20
04)
The
Her
ald
(Har
are)
(Jun
e 20
04)
10; 4
0 le
gs fo
und,
(Jun
e 20
04)
The
Inde
pend
ent (
June
200
4)
5; la
rge
bull
elep
hant
s, ki
lled
arou
nd
the
Vic
toria
Fa
lls
area
.
(Jan
uary
20
04)
John
ny
Rod
rigue
s, Zi
mba
bwe
Con
serv
atio
n Ta
sk
Forc
e R
epor
t (J
anua
ry 2
004)
13
9;
Zam
bezi
va
lley
esca
rpm
ent
(200
4)
The
Her
ald
(Har
are)
(Jun
e 20
04)
3; H
wan
ge E
stat
e (N
ovem
ber 2
003)
Jo
hnny
R
odrig
ues
/ C
ape
Tim
es
(Nov
embe
r 200
3)
1; A
ntio
nette
Far
m (A
ugus
t 200
3)
Zim
babw
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Task
For
ce
(Sep
tem
ber 2
003)
2;
Bub
iyan
a co
nser
vanc
y (J
uly
2003
)
Zi
mba
bwe
Con
serv
atio
n Ta
sk F
orce
(S
epte
mbe
r 200
3)
7* a
t lea
st; (
June
200
2)
The
Her
ald
(Har
are
(Apr
il 20
02)
Thes
e m
ay b
e in
clud
ed in
the
502
figur
e gi
ven
abov
e, b
ut d
ue to
lack
of d
etai
l we
are
unab
le
to c
ross
refe
renc
e.
6*; G
wai
Con
serv
ancy
(200
2)
The
Her
ald
(Har
are)
(Apr
il 20
02)
Thes
e m
ay b
e in
clud
ed in
the
502
figur
e gi
ven
abov
e, b
ut d
ue to
lack
of d
etai
l we
are
unab
le
to c
ross
refe
renc
e.
1*; C
hew
ore
(Apr
il 20
02)
The
Her
ald
(Har
are)
(Apr
il 20
02)
Thes
e m
ay b
e in
clud
ed in
the
502
figur
e gi
ven
abov
e, b
ut d
ue to
lack
of d
etai
l we
are
unab
le
to c
ross
refe
renc
e.
33*;
K
arib
a ar
ea,
Mid
land
s C
onse
rvan
cy (
Mar
ch 2
002
– Ju
ne
2002
)
Zim
babw
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Task
For
ce
/ Wild
life
Not
ice
Boa
rd (J
une
2002
) Th
ese
may
be
incl
uded
in th
e 50
2 fig
ure
give
n ab
ove,
but
due
to la
ck o
f det
ail w
e ar
e un
able
to
cro
ss re
fere
nce
502;
(Jan
uary
– Ju
ly 2
002)
A
G
loba
l Pr
oble
m
(Nov
embe
r 20
02).
Quo
ted
from
a c
onfid
entia
l go
vern
men
t sou
rce.
43
; yea
r 200
1
Pr
op 1
2.10
Zim
babw
e
35; y
ear 2
000
Prop
12.
10
41
14; (
Aug
ust 2
000)
Th
e H
eral
d (A
pril
2002
) 33
; K
arib
a ar
ea,
Mid
land
s C
onse
rvan
cy (
Mar
ch 2
002
– Ju
ne
2002
)
Wild
life
Not
ice
Boa
rd (J
une
2002
)
65; (
1999
)
Pr
op.
11.2
4 1,
378;
resu
lts fr
om a
n ae
rial c
ount
in
the
Zam
bezi
val
ley
in la
te 1
999
Leth
al E
xper
imen
t, EI
A (2
000)
84
elep
hant
s;
Che
wor
e N
atio
nal
Park
(199
9)
Reu
ters
(Nov
embe
r 199
9)
22
tusk
s; (O
ctob
er 2
006)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e
7,
000k
g; (M
ay 2
006)
Sund
ay T
imes
(Ju
ly 2
006)
/ C
oP14
Pr
op 6
30
pi
eces
; B
eit
Brid
ge
(Sep
tem
ber 2
006)
CoP
14 P
rop
6
27
tus
ks a
nd ‘
vari
ous
othe
r iv
ory
good
s’; (
June
200
6)
12
pie
ces /
47.
5kg;
(Apr
il 20
06)
10
0 pi
eces
; B
eit
Brid
ge (
May
20
06)
N
ews 2
4 (M
ay 2
006)
42
tu
sks;
C
hew
ore
Nat
iona
l Pa
rk (1
999)
Reu
ters
(Nov
embe
r 199
9)
17
tusk
s / 1
56.5
0kg;
(199
9)
Le
thal
Exp
erim
ent (
2000
)
76 t
usks
on
seen
on
sale
in
Gok
we
area
(Nov
embe
r 200
3)
John
ny
Rod
rigue
s, Zi
mba
bwe
Con
serv
atio
n Ta
sk
Forc
e R
epor
t (N
ovem
ber 2
003)
42
Non
-Ran
ge S
tate
s C
ount
ry
Seiz
ures
of I
vory
Iv
ory
Mar
kets
R
efer
ence
/Not
es
Afg
hani
stan
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Alb
ania
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Alg
eria
C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
bet
wee
n 20
00
and
2004
Alg
eria
n C
usto
ms (
June
200
4)
And
orra
C
usto
ms r
epor
ts n
o se
izur
es
A
ndor
ra C
usto
ms A
utho
rity
(Mar
ch 2
004)
A
ntig
ua a
nd B
arbu
da
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
A
rgen
tina
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
A
rmen
ia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
10.5
kg /
20 tu
sks /
206
pie
ces;
(200
6)
CIT
ES M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y, A
ustra
lia (2
007)
13.6
25kg
/ 19
tusk
s / 2
56 p
iece
s;
(200
5)
CIT
ES M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y, A
ustra
lia (2
007)
46
.474
kg /
14 tu
sks /
119
pie
ces;
(2
004)
C
ITES
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity,
Aus
tralia
(200
7)
Aus
tral
ia
1.
94kg
/ 29
tusk
s / 3
12 p
iece
s; (2
003)
C
ITES
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity,
Aus
tralia
(200
7)
Aus
tria
70
item
s (19
98)
St
op th
e C
lock
Rep
ort (
Apr
il 20
00)
Aze
rbai
jan
Cus
tom
s rep
orts
no
seiz
ures
Min
istry
of E
colo
gy a
nd N
atur
al R
esou
rces
(M
arch
200
4)
Bah
amas
N
o se
izur
es re
porte
d be
twee
n 19
98 a
nd
2004
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
(May
200
4)
Bah
rain
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Bar
bado
s
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Bel
arus
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
94 sc
ulpt
ures
/ 3
tusk
s; (2
006)
Bel
gium
CIT
ES M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y (2
007)
29
scul
ptur
es /
5 tu
sks;
(200
5)
B
elgi
um C
ITES
Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
(200
7)
35kg
; Zav
ente
m A
irpor
t (Se
ptem
ber
2005
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
203
ivor
y ca
rvin
gs /
6 tu
sks /
1.4
8kg;
(2
004)
Bel
gium
CIT
ES M
anag
emen
t Aut
horit
y (2
007)
4 ca
rvin
gs; B
russ
els (
Apr
il 20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
50kg
; Bru
ssel
s (A
pril
2003
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
003)
40
kg; (
Apr
il 20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
Bel
gium
4 tu
sks &
5 c
arvi
ngs;
Bru
ssel
s (Ja
nuar
y 20
03)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
43
9 ca
rvin
gs; B
russ
els (
Mar
ch 2
003)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
003)
30
car
ving
s; B
russ
els (
Febr
uary
200
3)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
10kg
; (Ju
ne 2
002)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
003)
50
kg; (
May
200
2)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
44 p
iece
s / 1
06kg
; (A
ugus
t 200
1)
R
epor
t of t
he C
ITES
Afr
ican
Con
sulta
tive
Mee
ting
(Mar
ch 2
004)
45
unw
orke
d tu
sks,
29 w
orke
d tu
sks
and
405
ivor
y ite
ms /
150
kg; (
June
20
01)
A
C18
Doc
5.1
230
carv
ed it
ems;
Bru
ssel
s (O
ctob
er
2000
)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
19
No
1 (2
001)
Bel
ize
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
B
oliv
ia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
B
osni
a &
Her
zego
vina
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Bra
zil
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
B
ulga
ria
128.
5kg
raw
ivor
y; (1
998)
Min
istry
of E
nviro
nmen
t and
Wat
ers,
Bul
garia
(M
arch
200
4)
Bur
undi
13
kg; (
2007
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
007)
1 gu
n w
ith iv
ory
grip
; (20
06)
En
viro
nmen
t Can
ada
(200
7)
1 iv
ory
hand
le o
n sw
ord;
(200
6)
En
viro
nmen
t Can
ada
(200
7)
6 br
acel
ets a
nd p
enda
nts;
(200
5)
En
viro
nmen
t Can
ada
(200
7)
108
wor
ked
piec
es; (
2004
) inc
ludi
ng:
70kg
; Tor
onto
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
C
anad
ian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
Th
e O
ttaw
a C
itize
n (F
ebru
ary
2004
) 31
7 w
orke
d pi
eces
(200
3)
C
anad
ian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
12
0 w
orke
d pi
eces
; (20
01)
C
anad
ian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Nov
embe
r 200
2)
21 w
orke
d pi
eces
; (20
00)
C
anad
ian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Nov
embe
r 200
2)
4,36
3 pi
eces
(jew
elle
ry) /
10k
g;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
000)
Can
adia
n W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (N
ovem
ber 2
002)
135
wor
ked
piec
es; (
1999
)
Can
adia
n W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (N
ovem
ber 2
002)
Can
ada
48 w
orke
d pi
eces
; (19
98)
C
anad
ian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Nov
embe
r 200
2)
Cap
e V
erde
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Chi
le
2 tu
sks;
(Mar
ch 2
002)
IFA
W (M
ay 2
002)
C
olom
bia
Col
ombi
a re
ports
no
seiz
ures
bet
wee
n 19
98 a
nd 2
004
C
ITES
MA
(Jun
e 20
04)
44
Com
oros
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Coo
k Is
land
s
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Cos
ta R
ica
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
C
roat
ia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
C
uba
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
C
ypru
s 27
wor
ked
piec
es; L
arna
ca In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort (
Apr
il 20
00)
D
epar
tmen
t of C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e (S
epte
mbe
r 20
02)
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
1
piec
e; B
illun
d A
irpor
t (Ju
ly 2
003)
Told
Ska
t (M
arch
200
4)
1 pi
ece;
Cop
enha
gen
Airp
ort (
June
200
3)
To
ld S
kat (
Mar
ch 2
004)
2
tusk
s; B
illun
d A
irpor
t (Fe
brua
ry 2
003)
Told
Ska
t (M
arch
200
4)
2 tu
sks a
nd 1
pie
ce; (
Febr
uary
200
1)
To
ld S
kat (
Sept
embe
r 200
2)
Den
mar
k
4 tu
sks;
(Oct
ober
200
0)
To
ld S
kat (
Sept
embe
r 200
2)
Djib
outi
16 p
iece
s; D
jibou
ti-vi
lle (J
une
2001
)
AC
18 D
oc 5
.1
Dom
inic
a
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
E
ast T
imor
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Ecu
ador
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
1 pi
ece;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
005)
Egyp
tian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(May
200
7)
43kg
; (Ju
ly 2
004)
Egyp
tian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(May
200
7)
4 pi
eces
; (A
pril
2004
)
Egyp
tian
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(May
200
7)
25 tu
sks &
42
ivor
y pi
eces
; Cai
ro (J
une
2002
)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
003)
212
piec
es r
aw iv
ory
and
103.
3kgs
w
orke
d iv
ory;
(May
200
2)
IF
AW
(200
4)
3,00
0kg;
(May
200
2)
IF
AW
(200
2)
230
tusk
s / 8
50kg
; Asw
an (N
ovem
ber
2001
)
CIT
ES M
A (N
ovem
ber 2
001)
2 pi
eces
; (Se
ptem
ber 2
000)
Prop
12.
11
1,44
1 pi
eces
/ 1,
576.
250k
g; (J
uly
2000
)
CIT
ES M
A (N
ovem
ber 2
001)
2
piec
es /
8kg;
(Apr
il 20
00)
Pa
chyd
erm
No.
28
(Jan
uary
– Ju
ne 2
000)
2
piec
es; 1
2kg;
(Mar
ch 2
000)
Pach
yder
m N
o. 2
8 (J
anua
ry –
June
200
0)
79 p
iece
s / 1
38.9
5kg;
(Mar
ch 2
000)
CIT
ES M
A (N
ovem
ber 2
001)
35
pie
ces /
53.
750k
g; (F
ebru
ary
2000
)
Pach
yder
m N
o. 2
8 (J
anua
ry –
June
200
0)
Egy
pt
7 pi
eces
/ 30
kg; (
Febr
uary
200
0)
Pa
chyd
erm
No.
28
(Jan
uary
– Ju
ne 2
000)
45
2 pi
eces
/ 12
kg; (
Janu
ary
2000
)
CIT
ES M
A /
Pach
yder
m N
o. 2
8 (J
anua
ry –
June
20
00)
4 pi
eces
/ 10
kg; (
Janu
ary
2000
)
CIT
ES M
A /
Pach
yder
m N
o. 2
8 (J
anua
ry –
June
20
00)
40kg
; (O
ctob
er 1
999)
CIT
ES M
A (N
ovem
ber 2
001)
29
pie
ces /
65k
g; (S
epte
mbe
r 199
9)
C
ITES
MA
/ Pa
chyd
erm
No.
28
(Jan
uary
– Ju
ne
2000
) 2
piec
es /
6kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 1
999)
CIT
ES M
A /
Pach
yder
m N
o. 2
8 (J
anua
ry –
June
20
00)
10
,709
item
s see
n on
sale
dur
ing
2005
in
vest
igat
ion.
N
o O
asis
, TR
AFF
IC (2
005)
La
rge
quan
titie
s of i
vory
off
ered
for
sale
in S
harm
el S
heik
h, 1
ven
dor
repo
rted
it to
be
rece
ntly
poa
ched
in
Nor
ther
n K
enya
and
bro
ught
to E
gypt
by
an
ivor
y de
aler
Pers
com
m: O
rny
Ferr
ari (
Apr
il 20
01)
El S
alva
dor
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
E
ston
ia
Cus
tom
s rep
ort n
o se
izur
es b
etw
een
1998
an
d 20
03
M
aksu
– Ja
Tol
liam
et (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
Fiji
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
9
piec
es; O
rigin
ated
in G
uine
a (2
003)
Tulli
halli
tus –
Nat
iona
l Boa
rd o
f Cus
tom
s (F
ebru
ary
2004
) 1
carv
ed tu
sk; O
rigin
ated
in C
hina
(2
003)
Tulli
halli
tus –
Nat
iona
l Boa
rd o
f Cus
tom
s (F
ebru
ary
2004
) 1
carv
ed tu
sk; O
rigin
ated
in U
SA (2
003)
Tulli
halli
tus –
Nat
iona
l Boa
rd o
f Cus
tom
s (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
Finl
and
Ivor
y la
mp;
Orig
inat
ed in
Ban
gkok
(1
999)
Tulli
halli
tus –
Nat
iona
l Boa
rd o
f Cus
tom
s (F
ebru
ary
2004
) 1,
878.
5kg
/ 473
ivor
y ite
ms;
(200
6)
Incl
udin
g: 9
21kg
of I
vory
blo
cks a
nd
600k
g of
Ivor
y ch
ips;
(Nov
200
6)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (A
pril
2007
)
284.
2kg
/ 778
ivor
y ite
ms;
(200
5)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (A
pril
2007
)
Fran
ce
309.
2kg
/ 412
ivor
y ite
ms;
(200
4)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (A
pril
2007
)
46
162.
9kg;
(200
3)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (Ju
ly 2
004)
12
8.1k
g; (2
002)
Dire
ctio
n G
ener
ale
Des
Don
anes
Et D
roits
In
dire
cts (
July
200
4)
350k
g; (2
001)
Dire
ctio
n G
ener
ale
Des
Don
anes
Et D
roits
In
dire
cts (
July
200
4)
370.
5kg;
(200
0)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (Ju
ly 2
004)
1,
017k
g; (1
999)
In
clud
ing:
420
kg w
orke
d iv
ory
seiz
ed
trave
lling
from
Rw
anda
on
rout
e to
Japa
n (N
ovem
ber 1
999)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (Ju
ly 2
004)
D
irect
ion
Gen
eral
e D
es D
onan
es E
t Dro
its
Indi
rect
s (Ju
ly 2
004)
600k
g tu
sks;
Par
is a
irpor
t, se
ized
from
N
orth
Kor
ean
dipl
omat
trav
ellin
g fr
om
Cam
eroo
n to
Chi
na (O
ctob
er 1
998)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol 1
7 N
o 3
(Jan
uary
199
9)
Gam
bia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
G
eorg
ia
Aut
horit
y re
ports
no
seiz
ures
56
pie
ces a
nd 4
tusk
s; (2
006)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (2
007)
74
pie
ces a
nd 1
6 tu
sks;
(200
5)
C
ITES
MA
/ B
unde
sam
t fur
Nat
ursc
hutz
(Aug
ust
2006
) 60
pie
ces a
nd 8
tusk
s; (2
004)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (A
ugus
t 20
06)
61 p
iece
s and
6 tu
sks;
(200
3)
C
ITES
MA
/ B
unde
sam
t fur
Nat
ursc
hutz
(Mar
ch
2004
) 11
0 pi
eces
and
7 tu
sks;
(200
2)
C
ITES
MA
/ B
unde
sam
t fur
Nat
ursc
hutz
(Mar
ch
2004
) 62
pie
ces a
nd 2
tusk
s; (2
001)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (M
arch
20
04)
265
piec
es a
nd 6
tusk
s; (2
000)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (M
arch
20
04)
1,04
4 pi
eces
and
15
tusk
s; (1
999)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (M
arch
20
04)
Ger
man
y
327
piec
es a
nd 6
tusk
s; (1
998)
CIT
ES M
A /
Bun
desa
mt f
ur N
atur
schu
tz (M
arch
20
04)
47
Gre
ece
Cus
tom
s rep
orts
no
seiz
ures
Cus
tom
s Gen
eral
Dire
ctor
ate
(Nov
200
2)
Gre
nada
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Gua
tem
ala
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
G
uine
a-B
issa
u
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Guy
ana
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
H
aiti
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
H
ondu
ras
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
43
pie
ces;
(200
6)
H
unga
ry C
ITES
MA
(200
7)
12 p
iece
s; (2
005)
Hun
gary
CIT
ES M
A (2
007)
37
pie
ces;
(200
4)
H
unga
ry C
ITES
MA
(200
7)
2 pi
eces
; (20
03)
D
irect
or fo
r Crim
inal
Aff
airs
, Hun
gary
(Mar
ch
2004
) 12
pie
ces;
5 w
orke
d pi
eces
and
7
unw
orke
d pi
eces
(200
2)
D
irect
or fo
r Crim
inal
Aff
airs
, Hun
gary
(Mar
ch
2004
)
Hun
gary
32 w
orke
d pi
eces
& 1
unw
orke
d pi
ece;
(2
001)
Dire
ctor
for C
rimin
al A
ffai
rs, H
unga
ry (M
arch
20
04)
Icel
and
Cus
tom
s rep
ort n
o se
izur
es d
urin
g 20
03
To
llstjo
rinn
i Rey
kjav
ik (F
ebru
ary
2004
) Ir
an
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Ir
aq
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
dur
ing
2003
Off
ice
of th
e R
even
ue C
omm
issi
oner
s (M
arch
20
04)
Irel
and
Box
ivor
y ca
rvin
gs; (
Janu
ary
1998
)
Off
ice
of th
e R
even
ue C
omm
issi
oner
s (A
ugus
t 20
02)
Isra
el
3 tu
sks /
13k
g; (1
999)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
000)
13
0 w
orke
d pi
eces
; Rom
e In
tern
atio
nal
Airp
ort (
Apr
200
3)
A
FP (A
pr 2
003)
5 pi
eces
; Fire
nze
Airp
ort (
July
200
2)
A
genz
ia D
elle
Dog
ane
(Oct
ober
200
2)
Orig
in: I
vory
Coa
st
18 p
iece
s; F
irenz
e A
irpor
t (A
pril
2002
)
Age
nzia
Del
le D
ogan
e (O
ctob
er 2
002)
Orig
in: I
vory
Coa
st
Ital
y
2 pi
eces
; Fire
nze
Airp
ort (
Janu
ary
2002
)
Age
nzia
Del
le D
ogan
e (O
ctob
er 2
002)
Orig
in: I
vory
Coa
st
48
0.75
kg; V
eron
a A
irpor
t (O
ctob
er 2
001)
Age
nzia
Del
le D
ogan
e (O
ctob
er 2
002)
Orig
in: N
amib
ia
5 pi
eces
; Anc
ona
Airp
ort (
June
200
1)
A
genz
ia D
elle
Dog
ane
(Oct
ober
200
2)
Orig
in: M
ozam
biqu
e, v
ia S
outh
Afr
ica
10 p
iece
s; V
eron
a A
irpor
t (M
ay 2
001)
Age
nzia
Del
le D
ogan
e (O
ctob
er 2
002)
Orig
in: B
enin
Jam
aica
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
3,00
0kg;
Osa
ka (A
ugus
t 200
6)
Th
e A
sahi
Shi
mbu
n (O
ctob
er 2
006)
24
pie
ces;
(200
6)
JW
CS
(200
7)
1755
pie
ces;
(200
5)
JW
CS
(200
7)
15 p
iece
s; (2
004)
JWC
S (2
007)
61
pie
ces;
(200
3)
JW
CS
(200
7)
132
tusk
sect
ions
/ 50
0kg;
Tok
yo (A
pril
2000
)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
18
No
2 (A
pril
2000
)
1,20
0 ha
nkos
; exp
orte
d fr
om H
ong
Kon
g (1
999)
JWC
S (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
2 pi
eces
raw
ivor
y; e
xpor
ted
from
Se
nega
l (19
99)
JW
CS
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
100
hank
os; e
xpor
ted
from
Chi
na (1
998)
JWC
S (F
ebru
ary
2004
) 3
piec
es; e
xpor
ted
from
the
Can
ary
Isla
nds (
1998
)
JWC
S (F
ebru
ary
2004
)
Japa
n
145
scul
ptur
es; e
xpor
ted
from
Hon
g K
ong
(199
8)
JW
CS
(Feb
ruar
y 20
04)
Jord
an
8 tu
sks /
20k
g; R
amth
a C
ross
ing
bord
er
(Apr
il 20
00)
C
usto
ms D
epar
tmen
t of J
orda
n (A
ugus
t 200
2)
Tusk
s co
ntai
ned
coca
ine
Kaz
akhs
tan
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
K
irib
ati
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
K
orea
, Dem
ocra
tic P
eopl
e’s
Rep
ublic
(Nor
th)
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Kor
ea, R
epub
lic o
f (So
uth)
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Kuw
ait
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
K
yrgy
zsta
n
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
49
Lat
via
2 se
izur
es h
ave
been
mad
e (J
uly
2004
)
Nat
iona
l Cus
tom
s Boa
rd (M
arch
200
4)
Leb
anon
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Les
otho
C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
Dep
artm
ent o
f Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Sep
tem
ber
2002
) L
ibya
n A
rab
Jam
ahir
iya
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
L
iech
tens
tein
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Lith
uani
a C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
from
199
8 to
20
04
C
usto
ms D
epar
tmen
t (M
arch
200
4)
Lux
embo
urg
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
M
aced
onia
, FR
YO
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Mad
agas
car
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
M
aldi
ves
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
M
alta
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Mar
shal
Isla
nds
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
M
auri
tius
Cus
tom
s rep
ort n
o se
izur
es b
etw
een
1998
an
d 20
03
C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e D
epar
tmen
t (Ja
nuar
y 20
04)
Mex
ico
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
M
icro
nesi
a
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Mol
dova
, Rep
ublic
of
CIT
ES M
A re
ports
no
seiz
ures
M
onac
o
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Mon
golia
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Mor
occo
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Nau
ru
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
L
arge
ship
men
t of e
leph
ant p
arts
se
ized
, inc
ludi
ng 2
2 le
gs, 8
tusk
s, 3
ears
, 3
tails
a sk
ull a
nd a
com
plet
e hi
de;
(Feb
ruar
y 20
05)
44 se
izur
es; (
2002
)
CIT
ES M
A B
ienn
ial R
epor
t 200
1-20
02
17 se
izur
es; (
2001
) Inc
ludi
ng:
518.
2kg
tusk
s; (2
001)
C
ITES
MA
Bie
nnia
l Rep
ort 2
001-
2002
Th
e Iv
ory
Mar
kets
of E
ast A
sia,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin
and
Dan
iel S
tiles
/ Sa
ve th
e El
epha
nts (
2003
) 39
seiz
ures
; (20
00)
C
ITES
MA
, Bie
nnia
l Rep
ort 1
999-
2000
Net
herl
ands
26 se
izur
es; (
1999
)
CIT
ES M
A, B
ienn
ial R
epor
t 199
9-20
00
3 ca
rvin
gs; 2
cas
es; (
2006
)
N
ew Z
eala
nd
11 c
arvi
ngs;
7 c
ases
(200
5)
50
3 ca
rvin
gs a
nd 2
tusk
s; 4
cas
es (2
004)
25
car
ved
item
s; 9
cas
es (J
anua
ry –
July
20
02)
W
ildlif
e En
forc
emen
t Gro
up, N
Z C
usto
ms S
ervi
ce
(Aug
ust 2
002)
2
tusk
s and
61
carv
ed it
ems;
22
case
s (2
001)
Wild
life
Enfo
rcem
ent G
roup
, NZ
Cus
tom
s Ser
vice
(A
ugus
t 200
2)
6 pi
eces
and
2 c
arve
d ite
ms;
in 7
cas
es
(200
0)
W
ildlif
e En
forc
emen
t Gro
up, N
Z C
usto
ms S
ervi
ce
(Aug
ust 2
002)
N
icar
agua
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Niu
e
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
2 tu
sks /
17k
g; (D
ecem
ber 2
001)
Dire
ctor
ate
of C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e (A
ugus
t 200
2)
Nor
way
2
tusk
s; su
rren
dere
d by
Nor
weg
ian
Prim
e M
inis
ter (
Febr
uary
200
0)
A
ssoc
iate
d Pr
ess (
May
200
2)
Om
an
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Pa
kist
an
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Pa
lau
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Pa
nam
a
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Para
guay
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Peru
C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
bet
wee
n 19
98
and
2004
SUN
AT-
AD
UA
NA
S (M
arch
200
4)
6,00
0kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
005)
Xin
huan
et (J
anua
ry 2
006)
28
6kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
005)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
47
2kg;
(Sep
tem
ber 2
005)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
006)
Phili
ppin
es
16 tu
sks /
125
kg; T
usks
repo
rtedl
y fr
om
Liby
a, se
ized
in N
inoy
Aqu
ino
Airp
ort,
Man
ila (
1998
)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
0)
1 pi
ece;
(Jul
y 20
01)
M
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
, Dire
ctor
of C
usto
ms P
olic
y D
epar
tmen
t (20
02)
2 pi
eces
/ 8.
11kg
; (Ja
nuar
y 20
01)
M
inis
try o
f Fin
ance
, Dire
ctor
of C
usto
ms P
olic
y D
epar
tmen
t (20
02)
4 pi
eces
/ 85
g; (N
ovem
ber 2
000)
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce, D
irect
or o
f Cus
tom
s Pol
icy
Dep
artm
ent (
2002
) 6
piec
es; (
Aug
ust 2
000)
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce, D
irect
or o
f Cus
tom
s Pol
icy
Dep
artm
ent (
2002
)
Pola
nd
1 ca
rved
tusk
; (Ju
ne 2
000)
Min
istry
of F
inan
ce, D
irect
or o
f Cus
tom
s Pol
icy
Dep
artm
ent (
2002
)
51
26 w
orke
d ite
m a
nd 1
car
ved
tusk
; 8
sepa
rate
seiz
ures
(200
4)
D
irecc
ao d
e Se
rvic
os A
ntifr
aude
(Jun
e 20
04)
300k
g; se
ized
in L
isbo
n (F
ebru
ary
2000
)
Leth
al E
xper
imen
t, EI
A (2
000)
O
rigin
: Sou
th A
fric
a
Port
ugal
150
tusk
s / 1
,500
kg; s
eize
d in
Lis
bon
(Oct
ober
199
9)
Le
thal
Exp
erim
ent,
EIA
(200
0)
Qat
ar
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
R
oman
ia
Cus
tom
s rep
ort n
o se
izur
es
N
atio
nal A
utho
rity
of C
usto
ms (
Oct
ober
200
2)
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
500k
g; M
osco
w a
irpor
t (A
pril
1999
)
Hum
ane
Soci
ety
of th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(200
0)
St K
itts a
nd N
evis
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
St L
ucia
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
St V
ince
nt a
nd th
e G
rena
dine
s
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Sam
oa
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Sa
n M
arin
o
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Sao
Tom
e an
d Pr
inci
pe
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Sa
udi A
rabi
a
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Serb
ia a
nd M
onte
negr
o C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
(200
2 –
2003
)
Min
istry
for t
he P
rote
ctio
n of
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
and
Envi
ronm
ent o
f the
Rep
ublic
of S
erbi
a (D
ecem
ber 2
003)
Se
yche
lles
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
10
0 pi
eces
ivor
y sc
raps
; (O
ctob
er 2
006)
Agr
i-Foo
d &
Vet
erin
ary
Aut
horit
y, S
inga
pore
(M
arch
200
7)
2 tu
sks;
(Ja
nuar
y 20
06)
A
gri-F
ood
& V
eter
inar
y A
utho
rity,
Sin
gapo
re
(Aug
ust 2
006)
53
2 tu
sks,
40,8
10 c
arve
d pi
eces
/ 6,
000k
g; sh
ippe
d fr
om Z
ambi
a. (
June
20
02)
LA
TF (2
002)
40
,810
car
ved
item
s wer
e Ja
pane
se st
yle
blan
k H
anko
s rea
dy
for f
urth
er c
arvi
ng.
Ship
men
t ori
gina
ted
in Z
ambi
a, tr
ansi
ted
thro
ugh
Mal
awi a
nd
Sout
h Af
rica
bef
ore
bein
g in
terc
epte
d in
Sin
gapo
re.
Des
tinat
ion
was
Jap
an.
A
t lea
st 2
0 ba
ngle
s of i
vory
seen
in
Sing
apor
e, v
endo
r ver
ified
it w
as m
ade
of n
ew e
leph
ant i
vory
(Feb
ruar
y 20
02)
Bor
n Fr
ee F
ound
atio
n (2
002)
Sing
apor
e
2,
700
item
s on
sale
in 2
3 sh
ops
(Nov
embe
r 200
0 –
Janu
ary
2001
) Th
e So
uth
and
Sout
h Ea
st A
sian
Ivor
y M
arke
ts,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin &
Dan
iel S
tiles
/Sav
e Th
e El
epha
nts (
2002
)
52
2 w
orke
d tu
sks a
nd 2
raw
tusk
s; (2
003)
Cus
tom
s Dire
ctor
ate
of th
e Sl
ovak
Rep
ublic
(F
ebru
ary
2004
) 4
tusk
s; (A
pril
2002
)
Cus
tom
s Dire
ctor
ate
of th
e Sl
ovak
Rep
ublic
(A
ugus
t 200
2)
Ori
gina
ted
in B
otsw
ana,
tran
site
d th
roug
h So
uth
Afri
ca,
Ger
man
y an
d C
zech
Rep
ublic
Slov
akia
2 tu
sks;
as w
ell a
s 2x
ear,
4x so
le, 4
x pa
rt of
the
leg,
1x
tail,
1x
trunk
, 2x
part
of th
e ea
r, 8x
par
t of t
he sk
in, 2
x cl
aw -
teet
h (D
ecem
ber 1
999)
K
atka
Mlá
denk
ová
(Aug
ust 2
006)
Slov
enia
C
usto
ms r
epor
ts n
o se
izur
es fr
om 1
999
– 20
03
Sl
oven
ian
Cus
tom
s (Fe
brua
ry 2
004)
Solo
man
Isla
nds
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
2,
900k
g; M
adrid
(Jul
y 20
04).
Fol
low
ed a
pr
evio
us se
izur
e of
110
kg o
f ele
phan
t hai
r, m
ade
up
of 5
80,0
00 in
divi
dual
hai
rs
SE
PRO
NA
(Jul
y 20
04) /
Reu
ters
(Jul
y 20
04)
15 tu
sks a
nd 4
41 p
iece
s; (2
003)
SEPR
ON
A (J
uly
2004
) 18
1 pi
eces
; (20
02)
SE
PRO
NA
(Jul
y 20
04)
17 tu
sks a
nd 1
95 p
iece
s; (2
001)
SEPR
ON
A (J
uly
2004
) 24
tusk
s and
191
pie
ces;
(200
0)
SE
PRO
NA
(Jul
y 20
04)
8 tu
sks a
nd 1
19 p
iece
s; (1
999)
SEPR
ON
A (J
uly
2004
)
Spai
n
32 tu
sks a
nd 4
32 Iv
ory
figur
es; (
1998
)
SEPR
ON
A (J
uly
2004
) Su
rina
m
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
C
usto
ms r
epor
t no
seiz
ures
dur
ing
2003
Swed
ish
Cus
tom
s (M
arch
200
4 )
3 m
edal
lions
; fro
m T
haila
nd (J
anua
ry –
A
ugus
t 200
2)
Sw
edis
h C
usto
ms (
Aug
ust 2
002)
Sw
eden
1 tu
sk a
nd 1
bra
cele
t; 20
01
Sw
edis
h C
usto
ms (
Aug
ust 2
002)
12
7kg;
Zur
ich
(200
3)
H
ead
of E
leph
ant P
rogr
amm
e, C
amer
oon
(200
3)
31kg
; (M
ay 2
003)
Con
fiden
tial S
ourc
e (2
003)
71
.4kg
; Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for N
ew
Yor
k (M
ay 2
003)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
4kg;
(May
200
3)
C
onfid
entia
l Sou
rce
(200
3)
11kg
; Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for N
ew
Yor
k (A
pril
2003
)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
Switz
erla
nd
1 tu
sk /
6kg;
Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for
New
Yor
k (J
anua
ry –
Apr
200
3)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol. 1
9 N
o 3
(200
3)
53
1.5k
g; Z
uric
h A
irpor
t, de
stin
ed fo
r New
Y
ork
(Jan
uary
– A
pr 2
003)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
7kg;
Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for N
ew
Yor
k (J
anua
ry –
Apr
200
3)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol. 1
9 N
o 3
(200
3)
3.3k
g; Z
uric
h A
irpor
t, de
stin
ed fo
r B
arce
lona
(Jan
uary
– A
pr 2
003)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
31.5
kg; Z
uric
h A
irpor
t, de
stin
ed fo
r M
adrid
(Jan
uary
– A
pr 2
003)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
300g
; Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for
Bru
ssel
s (Ja
nuar
y –
Apr
200
3)
TR
AFF
IC B
ulle
tin V
ol. 1
9 N
o 3
(200
3)
800g
; Zur
ich
Airp
ort,
dest
ined
for
Mos
cow
(ear
ly 2
003)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 19
No
3 (2
003)
20 tu
sks /
72k
g; (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
N
eue
Luze
rner
Zei
tung
(Mar
ch 2
002)
/ Th
e Iv
ory
Mar
kets
of E
ast A
sia,
Esm
ond
Mar
tin a
nd D
anie
l St
iles (
2003
)
Orig
in: K
enya
3.7k
g; (S
epte
mbe
r 200
1)
N
eue
Luze
rner
Zei
tung
(Mar
ch 2
002)
Sy
rian
Ara
b R
epub
lic
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
T
ajik
ista
n
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Ton
ga
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
T
rini
dad
and
Tob
ago
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
T
unis
ia
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
T
urke
y
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Tur
kmen
ista
n
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Tuv
alu
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
U
krai
ne
1 ca
rved
pie
ce; K
iev
Airp
ort (
Oct
ober
20
01)
Th
e St
ate
Cus
tom
s Ser
vice
of U
krai
ne (S
epte
mbe
r 20
02)
Ivor
y w
as fo
und
to b
e an
tique
1,84
5kg;
Dub
ai, o
rigin
ated
in K
enya
(O
ctob
er 1
999)
Hum
ane
Soci
ety
of th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(200
0)
61 it
ems;
(199
9)
D
epar
tmen
t of P
orts
and
Cus
tom
s (M
arch
200
0)
Uni
ted
Ara
b E
mir
ates
12 p
iece
s; (1
998)
Dep
artm
ent o
f Por
ts a
nd C
usto
ms (
Mar
ch 2
000)
U
nite
d K
ingd
om
13.5
kg /
2 tu
sks;
(200
4)
U
K C
ITES
MA
54
24 tu
sks /
650
kg; s
eize
d by
W
arw
icks
hire
Pol
ice
(Nov
embe
r 200
3)
El
epha
nts o
n th
e H
igh
Stre
et, I
FAW
(Mar
ch 2
004)
22 tu
sks,
126
piec
es; (
2003
)
HM
Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Feb
ruar
y 04
) 5
tusk
s, 74
pie
ces;
(200
2)
H
M C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e (F
ebru
ary
04)
8 tu
sks,
649
piec
es; (
2001
)
HM
Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Feb
ruar
y 04
) 58
tusk
s, 44
5kg;
from
Ken
ya, o
n th
e w
ay
to C
hina
(Apr
il 20
01)
El
epha
nts o
n th
e H
igh
Stre
et, I
FAW
(Mar
ch 2
004)
19 tu
sks,
84 p
iece
s; (2
000)
HM
Cus
tom
s and
Exc
ise
(Feb
ruar
y 04
) 12
tusk
s, 13
pie
ces;
(199
9)
H
M C
usto
ms a
nd E
xcis
e (F
ebru
ary
04)
87 c
arve
d iv
ory
item
s; d
ecla
red
as
hipp
opot
amus
teet
h (M
ay 1
998)
TRA
FFIC
Bul
letin
Vol
. 17
No
3 (J
anua
ry 1
999)
149
piec
es a
nd c
arvi
ngs /
4 tu
sks;
(2
006)
Uni
ted
Stat
es F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(200
6)
277
piec
es a
nd c
arvi
ngs /
9 tu
sks;
(2
005)
Uni
ted
Stat
es F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(200
6)
150
piec
es a
nd c
arvi
ngs /
4 tu
sks;
(2
004)
Uni
ted
Stat
es F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(200
6)
3 tu
sks;
Mia
mi A
irpor
t (Ju
ly 2
003)
Ass
ocia
ted
Pres
s (Ja
nuar
y 20
04)
12 it
ems o
f jew
elle
ry, 6
5 ca
rvin
gs, 1
8 iv
ory
piec
es, 2
pia
nos w
ith iv
ory
keys
, 9
tusk
s; (2
003)
U
nite
d St
ates
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
56 it
ems o
f jew
elle
ry, 7
54 c
arvi
ngs,
2 iv
ory
piec
es a
nd 4
65 p
iano
key
s; (2
002)
Uni
ted
Stat
es F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice
(Sep
tem
ber 2
004)
14
4 ite
ms o
f jew
elle
ry, 2
01 c
arvi
ngs,
404
ivor
y pi
eces
, 155
pia
no k
eys,
1 tr
ophy
, 5 tu
sks;
(200
1)
U
nite
d St
ates
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
94 it
ems o
f jew
elle
ry, 2
01 c
arvi
ngs,
5 iv
ory
piec
es, 1
pia
no w
ith iv
ory
keys
, 1
trop
hy a
nd 1
6 tu
sks (
2000
)
U
nite
d St
ates
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
403
item
s of j
ewel
lery
, 361
car
ving
s, 18
iv
ory
piec
es, 4
trop
hies
and
13
tusk
s;
(199
9)
U
nite
d St
ates
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
Uni
ted
Stat
es o
f Am
eric
a
165
item
s of j
ewel
lery
, 1,2
36 c
arvi
ngs,
1 ra
w p
iece
, 104
pia
no k
eys,
and
11
tusk
s; (1
998)
U
nite
d St
ates
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e (S
epte
mbe
r 200
4)
Uru
guay
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
55
Uzb
ekis
tan
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
V
anua
tu
67 tu
sks;
(Jun
e 20
00)
V
anua
tu M
ariti
me
Aut
horit
y (J
une
2000
) V
atic
an C
ity
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
V
enez
uela
N
o in
form
atio
n re
ceiv
ed
Yem
en
No
info
rmat
ion
rece
ived
Born Free Foundation3 Grove House, Foundry Lane, Horsham,West Sussex RH13 5PL UK www.bornfree.org.uk
Species Survival Network2100 L Street NW Washington, DC 20037 USA www.ssn.org