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Provided by theINdiana Association ofAirMedical Services
A presentation for hospital administrators, risk managers,
safety officers, architects, or anyone involved inair medical transport
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DISCLAIMER This presentation, provided by the Indiana Association of Air MedicalServices (INAAMS), is intended to provide hospital administrators, staff, risk
managers, safety officers and architects with pertinent information andguidelines to consider when having a helipad located at a hospital and whentransporting a patient to or from a hospital by helicopter. INAAMS is not aregulatory body and this presentation should not be considered or used as asubstitute for actual Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and orDepartment of Transportation (DOT) regulations in regards to heliportconstruction or aviation operations. This presentation should be used asinformation only and when regulatory issues or questions arise regardingheliport or aviation operations you should always consult your local FAAFlight Standards District Office (FSDO) and State DOT representatives.Due to the constant changing and updating of advisory circulars (A/C) andLocal, State & Federal regulations that are referenced within thispresentation you should always check the FAAs online data base to insure
that you are using the most up to date and current advisory circulars andregulations available. If you need any assistance in finding information orhave any questions regarding heliport construction, helicopter operations,safety standards, emergency action plans or transport criteria as theypertain to the air medical industry please feel free to contact INAAMS andwe will be more than happy to help you find the answers to your questions.
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Message from the President It is the hope of the Indiana Association of
Air Medical Services that by providing thisinformation to hospitals & their staff that
together we can help promote safety,advance patient care and improve theoverall outcome of every air medicaltransport within our State, the Nation & the
World. Together we can make adifference.
Rex J. Alexander, President INAAMS
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PERMANENT SITES
Regulated by the
FAA and DOT
Helipo rt Design Guide
AC 150/5390-2B
INAAMS in conjunction with the FAA and DOT highly
recommend that all hospitals construct a permanent,
certified landing area on their property for safety, liability and
transport issues.
H
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WHO TO CONTACT Any time a helipad is to be constructed, updated, changed,
moved or closed you should always contact your State DOTand regional FAA offices.
In Indiana
Indiana Department of Transportation
Aeronautics Section100 North Senate Ave
Room N901
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232-1496
http://www.in.gov/dot/modetrans/
To find the FAA Flight Standards District Office
In your area go to:
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/
http://www.in.gov/dot/modetrans/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/http://www.in.gov/dot/modetrans/7/28/2019 INAAMS Hospital Helicopter Safety
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BEFORE YOU BEGIN Federal Aviation Regulation: FAR Part 157
Requires notification to the appropriate FAA Airport District/FieldOffice or Regional Office at least 90 days beforeconstruction,alteration, deactivation, or the date of the proposed change in
use.
FAA Notification includes a completed FAA Form 7480-1, aheliport layout diagram and a heliport location map.
Penalty for failure to provide notice, persons who fail to givenotice are subject to civil penalty under 49 CFR 46301.
References
AC 150/5390-2B Section 104
FAR Part 157
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COMPLETION NOTICE OF COMPLETION
Within 15 days after completion of any airport project
covered by this part, the proponent of such project shall
notify the FAA Airport District Office or Regional Office bysubmission ofFAA Form 50105or by letter. A copy of FAA
Form 50105 will be provided with the FAA determination.
Insure that FAA Form 5010-5 has been signed by the
hospital administration prior to submission.
Reference: FAR Part 157.9
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HELICOPTERS YOU MAY ENCOUNTER
U.S. Army
IN THE INDIANA AREA
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ROOFTOP
GROUND BASED
2 DISTINCT TYPES OF HELIPADS TO CHOOSE FROM
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HELIPAD LOCATION Where a helipad is located in relationship to the
hospital is critical to safe operations. Multiple clear, unobstructed flight paths into and out of the
designated landing area are critical to safe operations.
Do not locate the landing area too close to the hospital or otherbuildings.
Do not allow a landing area to be surrounded by buildings,power lines or parking garages over time.
Dependent on urban environment a rooftop helipads may be the
better option for safe operations.
References: AC 150/5390-2B chapter 4, sections 401, 402, 403,table 4-1, Figure 4-1 & Figure 4-2
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VENTILATION SYSTEMS Insure that you identify the location of all heating, ventilation and
air conditioning (HVAC) systems prior to construction. Avoidlocating a landing area near these. The exhaust fumes from a
helicopters engines can cause serious problems for hospitalsand their staff if ingested into the hospitals ventilation system.
Pay particular attention to which way the prevailing winds willcarry any exhaust fumes from the proposed landing site.
HELIPAD LOCATION
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So how big of apad do you need?
According to the heliport design guide AC-150/5390-2B, the absolute minimum Touchdown and Lift-Off
Area (TLOF) for a hospital helipad is 40 feet X 40 feet.The size of the helipad is predicated on the main rotordiameter of the largest helicopter that will use the site.Check with your local air medical providers todetermine the size of the helicopters in your area toinsure that your helipad is constructed to the correct
dimensions.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2B Chapter 4, section 401b
40 X 40
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HELIPAD THICKNESS For ground helipads, in most instances a 6-inch thick (15
cm) Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement iscapable of supporting operations by helicopters weighingup to 20,000 pounds (9,070 kg). Larger helicopters willrequire a thicker concrete helipad. Consult theappropriate advisory circular for additional information.
NOTE: Do not use asphalt for the TLOF, helicopters will sinkinto asphalt during hot weather and cause a serious safetyhazard.
Ref: AC 150/5390-2b Chapter 8, 807 a
6
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WIND INDICATOR A windsock to show the direction and magnitude of
the wind is highly recommended and an important
safety feature for all helipads.
Minimum of 6-8 feet in length .
Lighted for night operations.
Not too close to the helipad.
Ground based, elevated at least 10-15 feet above
ground level and not blocked by any structures or
vegetation.
Rooftop based, not blocked by any architectural
structures and elevated at least 10 feet above thesurrounding structures.
Reference:
AC 150/5345-27d, Specifications for wind cone assemblies
AC 150/5390-2B section 406, Heliport Design Guide
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HOSPITAL HELIPADMARKINGReference:
AC 150/5390-2b
Figure 4-10a
A red capital letterHshould be located in the
center of the cross andoriented in the preferred
direction of takeoff and
landing.
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Max Weight
Is indicated by the
upper number and is
in thousands of
pounds.
Max Rotor Diameter Is indicated by the
lower number and isin feet.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2b
Figure 4-12
HOSPITAL HELIPADMARKING
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Reference: AC 150/5390-2b
Chapter 4 Section 410a
Flush green lights should define
the TLOF perimeter. A minimum of
three flush light fixtures is
recommended per side of a square
or rectangular TLOF. A light should
be located at each corner with
additional lights uniformly spaced
between the corner lights with a
maximum interval of 25 feet (8 m)
between lights.
H
HELIPAD LIGHTING
12
44
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Flood lights should never be
located high above the helipad,
they can blind pilots during night
operations.
Flood lights should be installed at
ground level and aimed down so
as not to interfere with a pilots
night vision.
HELIPAD LIGHTING
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When a beacon is provided it should be; Located on the highest point of the hospital.
Not be blocked by any portions of the surrounding architecture.
Be on during the hours of darkness.
Flash white/green/yellow.
Be regularly checked on a preventive maintenance schedule.
Reference:
AC 150/5345-12e, Specifications forAirport and Heliport Beacons.
HOSPITAL BEACONS
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ELEVATED HELIPADS Safety Net
When the Touchdown and Lift-Off (TLOF) area is on a platform elevated
more than 30 inches (76 cm) above its surroundings, a safety net, not
less than 5 feet wide from the edge of the pad (1.5 m), should be
provided around the entire pad.
The safety net should have a load carrying capability of 25 lb/ft2 foot(122 kg/m2).
The safety net should be installed no greater than a six inches below
the perimeter of the TLOF to prevent serious injury to flight crews and
patients from falls.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2B sec 401e & figure 4-4
Elevated TLOF5
6MAX Safety Net
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ELEVATED HELIPADS Access to Elevated TLOFs.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)requires two separate access points for an elevated structuresuch as an elevated TLOF.
If stairs are used, they should be built in compliance with
regulation 29 CFR 1910.24. When ramps are required, they should be built in compliance
with Appendix A of 49 CFR Part 37, Section 4.8 and state andlocal requirements.
The ramp surface should provide a slip-resistant surface.
The slope of the ramp should be no steeper than 12:1 (12 unitshorizontal in 1 unit vertical).
The width of the ramp should be not less than 4 feet (1.2 m)wide.
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TURBULENCE
Air flowing around and over buildings, stands of trees,terrain irregularities, etc. can create turbulence that can
affect safe helicopter operations.
Ground-Level: Helicopter operations from sites immediately adjacent to
buildings and other large objects are subjected to air turbulence effects
caused by such features. Therefore, it may be necessary to locate the
TLOF away from such objects in order to minimize air turbulence in the
vicinity of the FATO and the approach/ departure paths.
Elevated Heliports: Elevating heliports 6 feet (1.8 m) or more abovethe level of the roof will generally minimize the turbulent effect of air
flowing over the roof edge. While elevating the platform helps reduce or
eliminate the air turbulence effects, a safety net may be required.
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IS IT A HAZARD An 8:1 ratio from the Final Approach and Takeoff Area
(FATO) out to 4,000 feet is what the FAA uses todetermine if an object is a potential hazard to theairspace around a helicopter landing area. If a hazard
penetrates this area it will either need to be removed orproperly marked.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2B, section 404b & figure 4-6
800
100
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MARKING HAZARDS All structures 200 and above or any vertical hazard within 5,000 feet
of a helipad such as the hospital, antennas, towers or otherstructures that are deemed to be a hazard to navigable airspaceneed to be lighted with red obstruction lights.
All power lines in the vicinity of the landing zone should be markedwith the appropriate orange markers.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2B section 404, 411 & figure 4-7
AC 70/7460-1K Obstruction Marking and Lighting
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REFERENCE GUIDE
DOT/FAAAC 70/7460-1KObstruction Marking
and Lighting
MARKING HAZARDS
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CRANES Flags should always be placed on top of cranes in the
vicinity of helipads for daylight operations.
The top of all construction cranes should be lighted duringthe hours of darkness.
If possible cranes should be lowered at night if not in use.
Always notify helicopter programs in your area when youhave cranes or construction sites in the area.
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGERS(MRI) Due to the impact that an MRI has on a
helicopters instrumentation a warning signalerting pilots to the presence of a nearby MRI is
highly recommended.
Reference:
DOT/FAA/RD-92/15
Potential Hazards ofMagnetic Resonance
Imagers to Emergency
Medical Service
Helicopter Operations
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TREES Do not plant trees near the helipad landing
area. Over time they will grow and create
an unsafe situation and will need to be
removed.
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FENCESA fence installed too close to the perimeter of ahelicopter landing area is a potential hazard toflight operations. To help keep people awayfrom the landing zone and maintain safety, a
natural low lying vegetative barrier of plantmaterial such as boxwood, holly or otherevergreen type shrub is highly recommended.
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HAZARDS Do not locate a helicopter landing area next to or
near an oxygen storage system or a petroleumfuel storage system.
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ZONING To insure that potential hazards to navigation,
such as cell towers, radio towers or additionalbuildings are not constructed near your hospitalslanding area. It is highly recommended that the
area around the helicopter landing pad within5,000 feet be rezoned to limit the height of anynew construction.
Reference:
AC 150/5390-2B; section 413, Zoning and compatible land use.
AC 150/5190-4A: A Model Zoning Ordinance to limit height of objectsaround airports
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Construction Notification 14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace
Requires persons proposing any construction or alteration
described in Section 77.13 (a) to give 30-day notice to the FAA
of their intent.
Notification of the proposal should be made on FAA Form7460-1, Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration.
This includes any construction or alteration of more than 200 feet
(61 m) above ground level (AGL) at its site or any construction or
alteration of greater height than an imaginary surface located
within 5,000 feet that penetrates a 25:1 sloping surface that
extends outward and upward originating at the heliport.
Reference: AC 150/5390-2B Section 109
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COMMUNICATIONS Questions that are often asked of hospitals by
air medical providers.
Does your hospital use a PL tone on their HospitalEmergency Room Network radio and if so what is it?
Do you have an encoding process to open up yourradio for communications?
Is the frequency that you use for communications
non-standard?
Answering these questions will help avoid problems whentrying to communicate with air medical programs.
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ROTOR WASH
All helicopters produce asignificant downward flow ofair during landing andtakeoff. The larger and heavier the helicopter
the greater the velocity of windproduced.
A 75 to 100 mph downward flow ofair is not uncommon.
Helicopter rotor wash has beenknown to pick up a full sheet of plywood 30-40 feet into the air.
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Rotor Wash SafetyConsiderations Dumpsters
Construction areas
Sand and dirt Portable equipment
Parking areas
Pedestrian traffic
Loose debris
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Rotor Wash Liability Issues Falls
Eye injuries
Flying debris
Vehicle doors
Trunk lids
Handicapped Patients
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HOSPITAL LIABILITY Permanent landing site
Certified helipad Physical barriers around pad
Posted warning signs
Safety perimeter Written protocols
Annual training
How to Limit Liability
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THIS HOSPITAL AND THE HELICOPTER OPERATOR ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANYPROPERTY DAMAGE OR PERSONAL INJURY SUSTAINED WITHIN 100 FEET OF THIS
LANDING AREA DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS.
CAUTION
EXTREME HIGH WIND AND NOISE AREA
-PLEASE STAY CLEAR-For additional information please contact: __________________________ at ______________________
SIGNS
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SECURITY Train and designate personnel to
provide security.
Set up security 7-10 minutes prior toarrival.
Block all traffic (vehicle & pedestrian)near the touchdown area duringlanding and takeoff.
Secure a 200 foot area around the
landing zone area for safety. Security personnel should stay on site
until the helicopter has departed.
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SAFETY Some helicopters require a gurney to
move patients while others have their ownportable stretcher system.
Safety tips to remember
Dont leave gurneys
unattended.
Lock wheels when loading andunloading
Keep sheets and blankets
secure.
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SAFETY Recommendations:
Do not approach a running helicopter unlessinstructed to do so by the crew.
Always approach from the front in full view of thepilot and only when the pilot says it is safe to doso.
Do not get involved with hot off-loading or on-loading of patients unless you have been properly
trained to do so. Secure all loose items in the vicinity of the landing
area.
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Rescue and Fire Fighting
Services
Heliports should meet the criteria of the
National Fire Protection Association.
NFPA 418 Standards for Heliports
NFPA 403 Aircraft Rescue Services
Heliports should also meet all state and
local codes.
A fire hose cabinet or the appropriate
extinguisher should be provided at eachaccess gate/door and each fueling location.
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Be alert around the helicopter
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SOPStandard Operating Procedures
All agencies that work with air medical
helicopters should have written procedures and
protocols set in place for their employee'scovering at a minimum the following items.
Who can call for air medical transport.
When to call for transport.
How to prepare for arrival. Information to communicate.
What to do in case of an emergency.
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REGULAR TRAINING Documented annual safety training for all
personnel and staff involved with helicopter
operations is highly recommended. In most
cases your local air medical program can assistwith or provide this type of training.
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INCLEMENT WEATHER Weather extremes such as snow, ice or heavy rain may
make it impossible to use certain areas for landing
zones. An alternate site or airport may be necessary. It
is a good idea to have these locations and procedures in
place before they are needed.
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ICE AND SNOW REMOVAL To insure maximum safety for the helicopter, its
crew and the patient, snow and ice shouldalways be removed from the landing area priorto the helicopters arrival whenever possible.
Do not use rock salt to remove snow
or ice. Due to its size it can become
a projectile and cause serious injury.It is also extremely corrosive and
damaging to helicopters.
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EMERGENCIES In case there is a helicopter emergency
or accident at your facility: Make the appropriate 911 calls to fire rescue.
Notify the FAA immediately.
Contact the helicopter operator.
Do not approach the helicopter until it has stopped moving.
Report & document all incidents.
Prior education and training are the ultimate equalizer
in an emergency situation. Contact the air medical
provider in your area to help you outline a good
emergency action plan.
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FIXING PROBLEMS If you have a problem or incident
during an air medical transport usethese rules of thumb.
Discuss the problem with the pilot and medcrews immediately.
Notify the flight program that day.
Send a written detailed report within 48hours to the transport agency.
Follow up within 10 to 14 days later.
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COMMUNICATINGHAZARDS
Notify all helicopter operators that transport
patients to or from your facility when: There is any construction in the vicinity of the landing
zone.
Anytime a large crane is located within a - 1 mile of
a landing area. If an antenna is erected within 1-2 miles.
The landing site has been closed, changed or moved.
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CLOSING A HELIPAD If for any reason you need to close a helipad
landing area either permanently or temporarily.
Place a large yellow X over the landing area to
signal to all pilots not to land at this location.
Reference:
AC 150/5390-2B Section 409 e,
and figure 4-11
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2 Helicopters and 1 Site If two helicopters are en-route to a facility at
the same time but there is only one landingzone available?
Set up an alternate LZ onsite if possible.
Divert the second helicopter to an offsite LZ orairport if necessary.
Have the first helicopter depart as soon as the
crew has been unloaded then land the secondhelicopter and unload their crew.
Insure both operators are aware of the otherhelicopter that is inbound.
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Non Standard LandingZone Selection
Level: No more than a 5
degree slope.
Firm: Concrete, asphalt orgrass.
No loose debris within 200
feet.
No overhead obstructions
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100 FEET
100 FEET
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MARKING ANDIDENTIFICATION
Non Permanent Locations:
Mark all four corners of touchdown area, using;
4 Flares anchored to the ground, if you deem them safe.4 Orange cones, weighted if possible.
4 Strobes, anchored to the ground.
Use one additional marker on the side the wind is coming from.
Do Not Use:Peop le, po lice tape or
f i re hose
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LANDING ZONE SETUP
WIND
100
100
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SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Insure that any
sprinklers that are in
the vicinity of the
landing area are
turned off before the
helicopter arrives.
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DANGEROUS PRACTICES Calling multiple air medical programs after
being turned down for weather withoutinforming subsequently called operators of
the weather turn down.
If you are ever turned down for transport byan air medical provider for weather always
inform any subsequently contacted providersof this fact so that they have this informationto make an informed safe decision.
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Calling two air medical providers when there is
only one patient to transport, to see who gets
there first.
This is a true safety hazard and a recipe for disaster.
It may also initiate additional billing directly to the
hospital by the other air medical provider that does
not transport a patient. Worst of all this practice takesassets away from other regions that may desperately
be in need of air medical transport.
DANGEROUS PRACTICES
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Ind
ust
ry
Lin
ks
Indiana Association of Air Medical Services
(INAAMS) http://www.inaams.com
Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS) http://www.aams.org
National EMS Pilots Association
(NEMSPA) http://www.nemspa.orgAir Medical Physicians Association(AMPA) http://www.ampa.orgAir Medical Safety Advisory Council(AMSAC) http://www.amsac.org
Air and Surface Transport Nurses Association(ASTNA) http://www.astna.orgCommission on Accreditation of Medical
Transport Systems (CAMTS) http://www.camts.org
Foundation for Air Medical Research and
Education (FARE) http://www.fareonline.org Helicopter Association International(HAI) http://www.rotor.com
International Association of Flight
Paramedics (IAFP) http://www.flightparamedic.org National Association of EMS Physicians http://www.naemsp.org
http://www.inaams.com/http://www.aams.org/http://www.nemspa.org/http://www.ampa.org/http://www.amsac.org/http://www.astna.org/http://www.camts.org/http://www.fareonline.org/http://www.rotor.com/http://www.flightparamedic.org/http://www.naemsp.org/http://www.naemsp.org/http://www.flightparamedic.org/http://www.rotor.com/http://www.fareonline.org/http://www.camts.org/http://www.astna.org/http://www.amsac.org/http://www.ampa.org/http://www.nemspa.org/http://www.aams.org/http://www.inaams.com/7/28/2019 INAAMS Hospital Helicopter Safety
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If you have additionalquestions or need informationon heliports or helicopteroperations please contactThe Ind iana Assoc iat ion of A ir Medical Services
www.inaams.com