Impressionism

Impressionism Art Impressionism Art CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Concerned with perception of optical Concerned with perception of optical sensations of light and colorsensations of light and color

No sharp edgesNo sharp edges Minimal defined linesMinimal defined lines Form and space are implied not Form and space are implied not

defineddefined Intense color and use of lightIntense color and use of light

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art

Impression: SunriseImpression: Sunrise 18721872 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Claude MonetArtist: Claude Monet Painting which gave the Painting which gave the

name to the new name to the new movementmovement

Impressionism was meant Impressionism was meant as an insult as it stated that as an insult as it stated that the artists could only make the artists could only make an impression of the scenean impression of the scene

Large brushstrokes and no Large brushstrokes and no definitive linesdefinitive lines

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art Haystacks at Giverny (end Haystacks at Giverny (end

of summer, morning)of summer, morning) 18911891 Giverny, FranceGiverny, France Artist: MonetArtist: Monet Monet painting the same Monet painting the same

subjects over and over subjects over and over again at different times of again at different times of day and in different day and in different seasons to show how light seasons to show how light effected iteffected it

His brushstrokes was His brushstrokes was deliberately fuzzy to create deliberately fuzzy to create the impression of the the impression of the subjectsubject

The focus of his work was The focus of his work was lightlight

He painted outdoors and He painted outdoors and did not mix his colors on did not mix his colors on the palette, but rather on the palette, but rather on the paintingthe painting

Claude Monet

Rouen Cathedral: The Portal

1892-95Rouen, France

Different times of day allowed different light

Camille Pissarro

Snow Effect at Eragny, Road to Gisors

1885Paris, FranceAmongst the giants, Pisarro is often forgotten for his contributions to Impressionist movement

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art

Dance at the Moulin de la Dance at the Moulin de la GaletteGalette

18761876 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: RenoirArtist: Renoir Impressionists often Impressionists often

depicted pleasant places depicted pleasant places where people congregated where people congregated to have funto have fun

In Renoir, the weather is In Renoir, the weather is always good and the men always good and the men and women always and women always attractiveattractive

His goal was to capture the His goal was to capture the mood of the event with mood of the event with color and lightcolor and light

Édouard Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergère

1882Paris, France

Manet has completely gone impressionist by this point in his career – the unique perspective of the mirror adds mystery to this painting

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art

Summer’s DaySummer’s Day 18791879 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Berthe MorisotArtist: Berthe Morisot Probably the most daring of Probably the most daring of

all the Impressionists as her all the Impressionists as her brushwork was the loosestbrushwork was the loosest

Some of the subjects in the Some of the subjects in the painting are nearly painting are nearly unrecognizableunrecognizable

Her artwork was critiqued Her artwork was critiqued for being too feminine (to for being too feminine (to many scenes of women and many scenes of women and children)children)

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art The Dancing ClassThe Dancing Class 18741874 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Edgar DegasArtist: Edgar Degas Painted in a style called Painted in a style called

linear impressionism (use linear impressionism (use of more clear lines)of more clear lines)

Famous for his depictions Famous for his depictions of ballet dancersof ballet dancers

A behind the scenes look A behind the scenes look capturing the dancers in capturing the dancers in relaxed mode or relaxed mode or stretching, certainly not at stretching, certainly not at their best or most gracefultheir best or most graceful

Degas created a space Degas created a space where the walls are not where the walls are not parallel with the viewerparallel with the viewer

Edgar Degas

Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer

1879-81bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood

Degas barely dabbled with sculpture although he kept the ballerina theme

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art The Boating PartyThe Boating Party 1893 – 18941893 – 1894 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Mary CassattArtist: Mary Cassatt The best known The best known

American Impressionist; American Impressionist; she moved to Paris to she moved to Paris to paintpaint

Part of early critique of Part of early critique of this work was the this work was the apparent ;rudeness’ of apparent ;rudeness’ of the man in the boat who the man in the boat who has turned his back to has turned his back to usus

The central figure is the The central figure is the baby (his arm, the oar baby (his arm, the oar and the boat all point and the boat all point there) there)

Mary Cassatt

Little Girl in a Blue Armchair

1878Paris, France

Cassatt’s focus on feminine subjects caused her to be dismissed as frivolous

Mary Cassatt

The Bath

ca. 1892Paris, France

Impressionist ArtImpressionist Art Arrangement in Black and Arrangement in Black and

Gray: The Artist’s MotherGray: The Artist’s Mother 18711871 London, EnglandLondon, England Artist: James A.M. WhistlerArtist: James A.M. Whistler An American ex-patriot An American ex-patriot

who moved to Paris and who moved to Paris and then London then London

The work is known The work is known popularly as popularly as Whistler’s Whistler’s MotherMother

A rather unemotional and A rather unemotional and intellectual portrayal of the intellectual portrayal of the subject is seen heresubject is seen here

This work is both abstract This work is both abstract and formal at the same and formal at the same timetime

Whistler named all his Whistler named all his paintings in musical paintings in musical terminologyterminology

James Abbott McNeil Whistler

Nocturne in Black and Gold(The Falling Rocket)

ca. 1875London, England

Fin de Siecle ArtFin de Siecle Art

Eiffel TowerEiffel Tower 18891889 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Gustave EiffelArtist: Gustave Eiffel At the time the tallest At the time the tallest

structure in the world at structure in the world at 984 feet tall984 feet tall

Foreshadows the Foreshadows the skyscrapers of the 20skyscrapers of the 20thth centurycentury

Many Parisians still hate the Many Parisians still hate the structure, yet it has still structure, yet it has still come to represent Francecome to represent France

Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Post ImpressionismPost Impressionism is the retrospective label is the retrospective label given to the work of Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh given to the work of Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and Georges Seurat, who were painting in the and Georges Seurat, who were painting in the final years of the nineteenth century.  These men final years of the nineteenth century.  These men never formed a definitive school of painting but never formed a definitive school of painting but now it is possible to see that they were seeking now it is possible to see that they were seeking similar aims: (characteristics)similar aims: (characteristics)

(1) Celebration of visual images not for their (1) Celebration of visual images not for their verisimilitude to nature, but as equivalents for verisimilitude to nature, but as equivalents for nature in their own right nature in their own right

(2) Celebration of the application of paint on to (2) Celebration of the application of paint on to the canvas for its creative abilities the canvas for its creative abilities

Post-Impressionist ArtPost-Impressionist Art

Mount Sainte-Victoire Mount Sainte-Victoire from the Large Pine from the Large Pine TreeTree

1885 – 18871885 – 1887 Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence

Region, FranceRegion, France Artist: Paul CezanneArtist: Paul Cezanne Cezanne preferred Cezanne preferred

landscapes and still lifelandscapes and still life Cezanne shows depth Cezanne shows depth

by working on planes by working on planes rather than using linear rather than using linear perspectiveperspective

Post-Impressionist ArtPost-Impressionist Art

Still Life with Still Life with Peppermint BottlePeppermint Bottle

18941894 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: CezanneArtist: Cezanne He often combined He often combined

unrelated objects into unrelated objects into his still life paintingshis still life paintings

Disregard for Disregard for perspective was perspective was intentionalintentional

PointillismPointillism Sunday Afternoon on Sunday Afternoon on

La Grande JatteLa Grande Jatte 1884 – 18861884 – 1886 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Georges SeuratArtist: Georges Seurat Painted with tiny dots Painted with tiny dots

to create a complete to create a complete figure from a distance, figure from a distance, the closer you get the the closer you get the more it starts to blur more it starts to blur and eventually and eventually become become indistinguishableindistinguishable

New style called New style called pointillismpointillism

Post-Impressionist/ Post-Impressionist/ Expressionist ArtExpressionist Art

The Night CaféThe Night Café 18881888 Arles, FranceArles, France Artist: Vincent van Artist: Vincent van

GoghGogh Born in Holland, he Born in Holland, he

mover first to Antwerp mover first to Antwerp then to Paris and then to Paris and eventually to Arleseventually to Arles

Bright colors record Bright colors record van Gogh’s own van Gogh’s own personal feelingspersonal feelings

Post-Impressionist/ Post-Impressionist/ Expressionist ArtExpressionist Art

Starry NightStarry Night 18891889 St-Remy, FranceSt-Remy, France Artist: Van GoghArtist: Van Gogh Intentional loose form Intentional loose form

not rushed and not rushed and paintedpainted

Appears spontaneous, Appears spontaneous, thick strokes, blobs of thick strokes, blobs of colorcolor

Was preplanned from Was preplanned from sketches howeversketches however

Post-Impressionist/ Symbolist Post-Impressionist/ Symbolist ArtArt

Manao Tupapau (Spirit Manao Tupapau (Spirit of the Dead Watching)of the Dead Watching)

18921892 TahitiTahiti Artist: Paul GauguinArtist: Paul Gauguin Artist attempted to Artist attempted to

show fear by use of show fear by use of somber and sad colorssomber and sad colors

Symbolism – the Symbolism – the attempt to give attempt to give concrete form to concrete form to abstract ideasabstract ideas

Paul Gauguin

Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

1897Tahiti

Post-Impressionist ArtPost-Impressionist Art The ThinkerThe Thinker 1879 – 18891879 – 1889 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Auguste RodinArtist: Auguste Rodin Rodin used broken Rodin used broken

surfaces to create a similar surfaces to create a similar unfinished effect that unfinished effect that reflected light like the reflected light like the painting of the painting of the ImpressionistsImpressionists

His most famous workHis most famous work Note how the feet almost Note how the feet almost

grip the stonegrip the stone Originally sculpted as part Originally sculpted as part

of a grand monument that of a grand monument that was never built in tribute was never built in tribute to Dante’s Infernoto Dante’s Inferno

Post-Impressionist ArtPost-Impressionist Art

The KissThe Kiss 1886 – 18981886 – 1898 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: RodinArtist: Rodin Left lower part un Left lower part un

finished as a finished as a contrast to the contrast to the softness and softness and warmth of their warmth of their bodiesbodies

Henri Rousseau

The Sleeping Gypsy

1897Paris, France

A new style of naturalism appeared with Rousseau

Turn of the Century American Turn of the Century American ArtArt

Wainwright BuildingWainwright Building 1890 – 18911890 – 1891 St. Louis, MissouriSt. Louis, Missouri Artist: Louis SullivanArtist: Louis Sullivan It had an underlying It had an underlying

steel skeleton and steel skeleton and bricks were placed bricks were placed as the ‘skin’as the ‘skin’

‘‘form follows form follows function’ function’

Art NouveauArt Nouveau

Staircase, Dr. Tassel’s Staircase, Dr. Tassel’s HomeHome

18931893 Brussels, BelgiumBrussels, Belgium Artist: Victor HortaArtist: Victor Horta Horta put nature into Horta put nature into

all his workall his work He designed the entire He designed the entire

home to give it a home to give it a sense of unitysense of unity

Art NouveauArt Nouveau

Casa MilaCasa Mila 1905 – 19071905 – 1907 Barcelona, SpainBarcelona, Spain Artist: Antoni GaudiArtist: Antoni Gaudi A totally new style was A totally new style was

created by Gaudicreated by Gaudi Curved lines are Curved lines are

everywhereeverywhere Asymmetrical on purposeAsymmetrical on purpose Looks more like it was Looks more like it was

molded from clay then molded from clay then built of stone and steelbuilt of stone and steel

Balconies appear to be Balconies appear to be mangledmangled

Gustav Klimt

The Kiss

1907-1908Vienna, Austria

Part of Art Nouveau movement

FauvismFauvism

Woman with a HatWoman with a Hat 19051905 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Henri MatisseArtist: Henri Matisse Fauvism tended to Fauvism tended to

shock the viewershock the viewer Colors appear Colors appear

arbitrary, placed mish arbitrary, placed mish mash around the mash around the painting for no reasonpainting for no reason

It is his wifeIt is his wife

Cubist ArtCubist Art

Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein 19061906 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Pablo PicassoArtist: Pablo Picasso Considered most important Considered most important

painter of the 20painter of the 20thth century century Simplified forms into basic Simplified forms into basic

shapes shapes Painted her face from Painted her face from

memory – making this a memory – making this a cerebral not retina-based cerebral not retina-based paintingpainting

FauvismFauvism

Harmony in RedHarmony in Red 1908 – 19091908 – 1909 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: MatisseArtist: Matisse Everyday scene full of Everyday scene full of

patterns, lines, and patterns, lines, and harmony between the harmony between the colorscolors

Parts are 2 dimensional Parts are 2 dimensional while others are 3Dwhile others are 3D

Cubist ArtCubist Art Les Demoiselles Les Demoiselles

d’Avignond’Avignon 19071907 Barcelona, SpainBarcelona, Spain Artist: PicassoArtist: Picasso Demoiselles here Demoiselles here

means prostitutes not means prostitutes not young ladiesyoung ladies

Freed from reality, Freed from reality, Picasso worked with Picasso worked with distorted figures and distorted figures and proportions in favor of proportions in favor of shapes and angular shapes and angular piecespieces

Cubist ArtCubist Art Still Life with Chair CaningStill Life with Chair Caning 19121912 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: PicassoArtist: Picasso Picasso began to paste real Picasso began to paste real

materials onto the canvas, materials onto the canvas, here he chose a rope with here he chose a rope with a piece of oilcloth with a piece of oilcloth with imitation chair caning on it imitation chair caning on it and a fragment of and a fragment of newspapernewspaper

Jou are the 1Jou are the 1stst 3 letters of 3 letters of journal (the newspaper journal (the newspaper used) but they are also the used) but they are also the 11stst 3 letters of jouer – to 3 letters of jouer – to playplay

Method was called collageMethod was called collage

Cubist ArtCubist Art

The PortugueseThe Portuguese 19111911 Paris, FranceParis, France Artist: Georges BraqueArtist: Georges Braque Depicts a guitarist playing Depicts a guitarist playing

at a caféat a café There is, however, no truly There is, however, no truly

distinguishable figure heredistinguishable figure here Forms are broken down Forms are broken down

into cubes and portrayed into cubes and portrayed at different angles evenat different angles even

Range of color was Range of color was restricted to focus on style restricted to focus on style

Futurist ArtFuturist Art

Suburban Train Suburban Train Arriving at ParisArriving at Paris

19151915 ItalyItaly Artist: Gino SeverinoArtist: Gino Severino Depiction of speed in Depiction of speed in

a sequence of multi-a sequence of multi-faceted positions; faceted positions; fragmented but fragmented but focusedfocused

Futurists wanted to Futurists wanted to destroy art museums destroy art museums and anything old and anything old

German Expressionist ArtGerman Expressionist Art

Dancing Around the Dancing Around the Golden CalfGolden Calf

19101910 Dresden, GermanyDresden, Germany Artist: Emil NoldeArtist: Emil Nolde Influenced by Fauvism and Influenced by Fauvism and

Matisse, Nolde’s use of Matisse, Nolde’s use of bright colors to convey bright colors to convey meaning can be seen heremeaning can be seen here

Biblical subject being Biblical subject being shown in sexual manner shown in sexual manner was controversialwas controversial

Colors help convey Colors help convey sexuality, fury and ecstasy sexuality, fury and ecstasy of this pieceof this piece

Edvard Munch

The Scream

1893Norway

Expressionism develops throughout Europe

German Expressionist ArtGerman Expressionist Art

Improvisation No. 30 Improvisation No. 30 (Warlike Theme)(Warlike Theme)

19131913 Munich, GermanyMunich, Germany Artist: Vassily KandinskyArtist: Vassily Kandinsky He believed colors He believed colors

caused ‘vibrations in caused ‘vibrations in the soul’the soul’

Shows cannons firing to Shows cannons firing to welcome the 2welcome the 2ndnd coming coming of Christ to Moscowof Christ to Moscow

The end . . .The end . . .

Next lecture . . .Next lecture . . .

Modern & Post-ModernModern & Post-Modern