VIDYA BHARTI EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

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The Green Revolution, an initiative to encourage the use of high yielding varieties of grains, better irrigation facilities, initiated by Norman Borlaug.

The impact of Green Revolution in India is favorable. Because of the Green Revolution production per hectare increased. Green Revolution in Wheat took place in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and other states of India. Wheat revolution also took place in West Bengal. Agricultural Revolution took place in other parts of India also. The overall development of agriculture during Five Year Plans is known as green revolution.

Agriculture plays an important role in the economic development of India.After 1952-53 agriculture has been included in our national planning. Agriculture remains no more the earning of living of the farmers. Government, banks and other institutes, businessmen, industrialist have also taken interest for the development of agriculture.

Because of HYV seeds, fertilizers irrigation water, agricultural machineries, pesticides, agricultural knowledge of the farmers have brought a remarkable change in the field of agriculture and India became self-sufficient in food-front. This remarkable change in agriculture is technically known as Green Revolution or Agricultural Revolution.

STATISTICAL RESULTS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

•The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79. This established India as one of the world's biggest agricultural producers. No other country in the world which attempted the Green Revolution recorded such level of success. India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.•Yield per unit of farmland improved by more than 30 per cent between 1947 (when India gained political independence) and 1979 when the Green Revolution was considered to have delivered its goods.•The crop area under HYV varieties grew from seven per cent to 22 per cent of the total cultivated area during the 10 years of the Green Revolution. More than 70 per cent of the wheat crop area, 35 per cent of the rice crop area and 20 per cent of the millet and corn crop area, used the HYV seeds.

LIMITATIONS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTIONEven today, India's agricultural output

sometimes falls short of demand. The Green Revolution, howsoever impressive, has thus NOT succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food. In 1979 and 1987, India faced severe drought conditions due to poor monsoon; this raised questions about the whether the Green Revolution was really a long-term achievement. In 1998, India had to import onions. Last year, India imported sugar. However, in today's globalised economic scenario, 100 per cent self-sufficiency is not considered as vital a target as it was when the world political climate was more dangerous due to the Cold War.

India has failed to extend the concept of high-yield value seeds to all crops or all regions. In terms of crops, it remain largely confined to food grains only, not to all kinds of agricultural produce. In regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states showed the best results of the Green Revolution. The eastern plains of the River Ganges in West Bengal state also showed reasonably good results. But results were less impressive in other parts of India.

Nothing like the Bengal Famine can happen in India again. But it is disturbing to note that even today, there are places like Kalahandi (in India's eastern state of Orissa) where famine-like conditions have been existing for many years and where some starvation deaths have also been reported. Of course, this is due to reasons other than availability of food in India, but the very fact that some people are still starving in India (whatever the reason may be), brings into question whether the Green Revolution has failed in its overall social objectives though it has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural production.

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