Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Contact: Ahmad Fuzi Md Ajisfuzi.uitm@gmail.com
012-2489439
Introduction to Organization
of Information
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Wisdom
Knowledge
Information
Data
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Fact, figures, symbols or instructionspresented in a form that can be
comprehended by human or processed by acomputer.
Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)
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Information that has been comprehendedand evaluated in the light of experience, and
incorporated into the knowers intellectualunderstanding of its subject.
Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)
Application of data and information; answershow questions
Bellinger, Castro, Mills (2004)
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Evaluated Understanding The process of discerning, or judging
between right and wrong, good and bad.
Ackoff, (1989)
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Information is knowledge derived from data
Data is defined as recorded facts and figures (eg:costs of raw materials, client statistics) that result
from observation, surveys or research Datadescribed rather than evaluates
Knowledge is data which an individual recognizes as
relevant and is thought about, interpreted, stored(in ones memory or in a variety of formats) or usedfor a purpose. That is, it has been transformed intoinformation
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Information is result of analysis, synthesisevaluation based on available data. Inother words, the data has been:
- Organized- Structured- Considered
- Communicated
Information can consists of data, images,texts, documents and sound
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Information is often described as a
commodity. It can be bought and sold,
exchanged, accumulated and stored,patented and owned but it is not
depleted when used.
Often the use of information actually
expands it. The potential demand for
information is unlimited
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Information is considered to be apersonal, organizational and nationalresources of great value. The economy is
based not only on industry and physicalresources, but also on information
Because its importance to the user is
relative and depends on changingsituations, times and needs, information ismost valuable when it is quickly and easilyavailable and effectively
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We look for information:
a. To gain knowledge
b. To collect datac. To solve problem
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Relevant: Information must relate to the
business at hand, and fulfill the needs of
the user. In theory all the informationrequired to meet the users purposes must
be available
Timely: Information must be available
when needed, within the timeframe
desired by the user
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Accurate and complete: All available information
should be accessible, with emphasis on the
right information. This often depends on the
context Concise: Information must be understandable to
those who use it, and must be able to be
absorbed quickly for action
Reduces uncertainty: A statement about thestructure of an entity reduces the unknown
about the entity; therefore good information
should meet a users requirements completely
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The informed decision is the best
decision. For information to be useful for
decision-making, it must be:
- The right information- Available at the right time
- Available to the right person
- At the right cost- Presented in the format to facilitate
decision
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Irrelevant: Information is of little value
when it is too old or out-of-date to be
relevant to the users need Swamping: It is not helpful when
information is too voluminous to allow any
sense to be made of it. It is the quality of
information that is important, not the
quantity!
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Unclear: Information is poor when it is not
presented in a way that will facilitate a
decision Not all there: If information is incomplete,
it may fail to provide a clear sense of the
entirety of the problem
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Information is created in many original
forms, to satisfy the creator and to suit the
user. Once created, the information isdisseminated using a range of media and
means of transmission
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Example: Release of new mobile devices from Apple.
Iphone 5
These are some of the steps taken in creatingthe information:
Brainstorming of new device releases. E.g:orally Decision of the discussion/brainstorming
written down by the secretary. (handwritten)
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This may be typed up for easier reading and
distribution eg: typewritten or printed from a
word processor
The announcement is made at a pressconference eg: orally
At the same time, a press release is distributed
eg: typewritten or printed from a word processor
The press release is handed to journalist, whofax or phone it through to their offices eg:
telephone or fax machines
The news is spread via all the media eg: radio,
TV, newspapers, magazines, the internet etc.
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The information is placed on the World Wide
Web sites of the Apple etc. eg: electronic
Interested people tell their friends, family,workmates eg: orally
The glorious story of Apple, probably written on
a word processor, printed off in draft,photocopied to show to other people, and finally
printed and bound eg: electronic, print out,
photocopies, printed into a book
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Information is derived from a variety of sources.These described as:
- Primary: This is a level at which the informationis generated eg: letters, making a scientificdiscovery, collating data, recording and oralinterview
- Secondary: Secondary sources comment onevents, discoveries etc. eg: textbooks,
encyclopedias, yearbooks, commentaries andarticles in a serial
- Tertiary: Tertiary sources are used to trackexisting information eg: bibliography of
bibliographies, directory of directories and guideto literature
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Bellinger, G., Castro, D., & Mills, A. (2004).Data , Information, Knowledge and Wisdom.
A journey in the realm of systems. Retrievedfrom http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm
Amjad Ali. (2004). Glossary of Library andInformation Science. New Delhi : Ess EssPublications.