II

III

I II. Factors Affecting Solvation

(p. 471 – 477)

Ch. 16 –SolutionsCh. 16 –Solutions

A. SolvationA. Solvation

Solvation – Solvation – the process of dissolving

solute particles are separated and pulled into solution

solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles

A. SolvationA. Solvation

StrongElectrolyte

Non-Electrolyte

solute exists asions only

- +

salt

- +

sugar

solute exists asmolecules

only

- +

acetic acid

WeakElectrolyte

solute exists asions and

molecules DISSOCIATION IONIZATION

View animation online.

B. Factors Affecting SolvationB. Factors Affecting Solvation

Molecules are constantly in motion according to…• Kinetic Theory

When particles collide, energy is transferred

B. Factors Affecting SolvationB. Factors Affecting Solvation

Solubility = amount of a substance that will dissolve in a liquid

Smaller pieces of a substance dissolve faster b/c of larger surface area

Stirring or shaking speeds dissolving b/c particles are moving faster and colliding more

Heating speeds dissolving (see above)Not all substances dissolve

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Water is universal solvent b/c of its polarity

If something can dissolve in something else, it is said to be soluble

If it cannot dissolve, it is said to be insoluble

“Like dissolves like”

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

NONPOLAR

NONPOLAR

POLAR

POLAR

““Like Dissolves Like”Like Dissolves Like”““Like Dissolves Like”Like Dissolves Like”

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

SATURATED SOLUTION

no more solute dissolves

UNSATURATED SOLUTIONmore solute dissolves

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION

becomes unstable, crystals form

concentration

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Solubility CurvesSolubility Curves• maximum grams of solute that will

dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature

• varies with temp• based on a saturated soln

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Solubility CurveSolubility Curve• shows the

dependence of solubility on temperature

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Solids are more soluble at...Solids are more soluble at...• high temperatures.

Gases are more soluble at...Gases are more soluble at...• low temperatures &• high pressures (Henry’s Law).• EX: nitrogen narcosis, the “bends,” soda