Post on 15-Mar-2021
Challenges and Solutions for Wind Integration in ERCOT
CCET Smart Grid Demonstration Project
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Center for the Commercialization of Electric Technologies
Milton Holloway, Ph.D. CCET President & COO February 19, 2014 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Washington, D.C.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 • Smart Grid Investment Grant Program • Smart Grid Demonstration Program
For further information go to www.smartgrid.gov.
The information in this presentation is based on the results of a DOE funded project under:
or the
Governing Participants:
Advisor Directors: University Collaborators:
Affiliated Participants:
Membership
Center for the Commercialization of Electric Technologies
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Ø CCET defined a demonstra1on project to help address the challenges of wind integra1on into the ERCOT grid with 18 GW of wind resources.
Ø Key technology deployments to leverage: a) A starter synchrophasor network b) Expected AMS rollout of 6.5 million units c) A smart grid future community with residen1al solar, smart
appliances, home energy monitoring, and electric vehicles d) Smart Meter Texas Portal (SMT)
Ø Technology Solu-ons for Wind Integra-on in ERCOT a) Award Number: DE-‐OE-‐0000194 b) Value: $27 million total; $13.5 million DOE c) Original Award Date: 4 January 2010 d) Term: Five-‐years
CCET Demonstra1on Project:
Discovery Across Texas
Discovery Across Texas Project:
ERCOT & Part of SPP
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Context: Con1nuing Investment in Wind Genera1on
ERCOT Wind Capacity
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Context: New ERCOT Wind Power Record this Year
Hourly Average Actual Load vs. Actual Wind Output ERCOT Load and Wind MWWeek Starting 00.00 CST, Sunday, Jan. 05, 2014
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10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Day of Week
LoadWind
ERCOT Wind Gen (Percent of Load)Week Starting 00.00 CST, Sunday, Jan. 05, 2014
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Day of Week
Total Resources Available 76,915MW
new winter record, with electric use peaking at 57,277 megawa_s (MW)
all-‐1me record overall was set on Aug. 3, 2011, when demand peaked at 68,305 MW
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Context: Major Wind Events Call for Prompt Responses
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Fundamentals of Power Systems and Market Design to Address Wind Integra1on
Long term planning of transmission assets and improved forecasting plus market design to press toward intraday optimization of the power system • Reduce uncertainty of wind forecasts • Increase the flexibility of the power system to deal with the uncertainty • Deploy demand-side technologies and engage consumers
Operations Processes and Tools
1. System Condition Visualization
2. Load Resource Participation 3. Automated Decision Support 4. Faster/More Accurate
Ramping 5. Surgical Load Shedding
Smart Grid Technology 1. Demand Response
supported by AMI 2. Utility scale energy Storage 3. Plug-in Electric Vehicles
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CCET Demonstration Project: Discovery Across Texas
I. Synchrophasor system with applications (ERCOT wide) II. Security fabric demonstration for synchrophasor systems
(demonstrated at Lubbock/TTU/RTC) III. Utility-scale battery with wind farm (Lubbock/TTU/RTC) IV. Pricing trials at Pecan Street (Austin) V. DLC demonstration with dual communication paths (Dallas
and Houston) VI. Solar community monitoring (Houston) VII. PEV fleet Fast Response Regulation Service demonstration
(Fort Worth)
Seven Project Components:
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• ERCOT and the largest electricity companies in Texas have launched the most aggressive Advanced Metering System (AMS) deployment in the U.S. Now 6.5 Smart Meters Installed.
• The Smart Meter Texas Portal initiative is a several-year collaboration to: o Properly integrate AMS meters into the ERCOT market o Provide consumer tools for viewing 15-minute meter data o Provision devices for load control
• The PUCT formed an Advanced Metering Implementation Team (AMIT) which is currently defining a roadmap for future SMT Portal capabilities
Context: AMS & SMT Portal
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Context: Con1nuing Investment in Wind Capacity
ERCOT CREZ Build-Out
Context: Wind Turbines at RTC
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Reese Technology Center and TTU National Wind Institute
Context: Wind Technology Resources at RTC
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I. Synchrophasor System Overview Ø PMU deployments
§ Beginning with 3 PMUs, the ERCOT grid now includes 48 PMUs at 28 locations, with plans to expand to 60 PMUs at 36 locations next year
§ In SPP, the network includes 4 PMUs with plans to upgrade to at least 8 PMUs next year
Ø Innovative phasor data collection § AEP is providing limited PMU data delivery via SCADA communications § Oncor is providing slow-scan phasor data from substation RTUs
Ø ERCOT § Perform event analysis – focusing on frequency analysis § Issue a daily performance report (PMU status, frequency, voltage, angle differences) § Recently installed production servers with RTDMS 2012 § Established synchrophasor task force to engage stakeholders
Ø Studies § Data quality study performed to validate complete PMU data delivery § Baselining study to refine alarm limits – 2012 data completed; 2013 continuing § Generator model validation based on UT Arlington algorithms § Developed 15 use cases
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
Current Synchrophasor Deployments Across Texas (70 PMUs)
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
Synchrophasor Tools in Use by Project Par1cipants
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Synchrophasor -‐ Results and Accomplishments Post Events analysis – Frequency analysis
– Voltage Oscilla1ons
– Generator model valida1on/tuning
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Synchrophasor – Example Wind Event ERCOT Synchrophasor Measurements
I. Synchrophasor system with applica1ons Time: 23:33 CDT
Wind Condi1ons: High (4835 MW) Trigger Event: Genera1on Trip – 552 MW
Observa1ons: – Frequency dips and recovers quickly – Oscilla1ons evident near wind
genera1on: • 0.28 and 0.67 Hz oscilla1ons are ERCOT post-‐event electro-‐mechanical grid oscilla1ons
• 3.2, 5.0, 5.4 and 5.5 Hz oscilla1ons are present in both pre-‐ and post-‐event voltage magnitude and angle near wind genera1on
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Synchrophasor – Example Wind Event
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II. Security Fabric Demonstra1on for Synchrophasor Systems
4. Audit – Records noteworthy events for later analysis
5. Confiden1ality – Encrypts sensi1ve data for ma_ers of privacy.
6. Integrity – Ensures that messages have not been altered.
7. Availability – Prevents denial of service a_acks
1. Iden1ty Management – Ensures the device iden1ty is authorita1vely established
2. Mutual Authen1ca1on – Allows both the Device Node and the Controller to verify the trustworthiness of their iden1ty to each other.
3. Authoriza1on – Manages permission to proceed with specific opera1ons.
Align the EPG products with the seven tenets of security described in the NIST-IR 7628 by applying Security Fabric
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TTU Synchrophasor Network – Security Fabric Demonstra1on
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
III. U1lity-‐scale ba_ery with wind farm at Lubbock 1MW/1MWh Ba_ery Energy Storage System (BESS)
DOE SWiFT Turbines and BESS
BESS
BESS Electrical Connec1on
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
• Modeling of the Battery
• Modeling of the Wind Turbines
• Simulation of Distribution System Behavior
• Data & Economic Analysis of Battery Performance
• Energy Management When battery is tied to the utility grid
III. Utility-scale battery with wind farm at Lubbock 1MW/1MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects Fast Response Regula1on Service
• Fast responding regula1on service (FRRS) – Use of fast-‐ac1ng (less than 1 second to full response) resources to counter frequency varia1ons
– Will likely be implemented in all US ISOs – FERC Order 755 and 784
– ERCOT FRRS Pilot Feb 2013 to Feb 2014 • Use of PEV delivery fleet to provide FRRS Reg-‐Up service
– AC Level II chargers – 10-‐12 kW max load
• Monitor grid frequency and automa1cally provide service – Greater than .03Hz devia1on from 60Hz – Implement full bid capacity
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Electronic Vehicle (EV) charging High efficiency
HVAC systems
2-‐way metering capabili1es to
support DG and new-‐genera1on
demand response programs Home energy management services including
an in-‐home display & solware applica1ons to help homeowners manage their electricity
more efficiently
Roolop solar for serving as Distributed Genera1on
(DG) for each home
Extraordinary high building envelope
efficiencies Wind Power Purchases
Available from AE
IV. Pricing trials at Pecan Street
Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
Experiment Descrip1on & Data Collec1on
• By October 1st: Pricing Trial Group Customer Number: 61 Control Group Customer Number: 61
• Time Range: March – April – May – June – July – August – September
Wind Price Period Summer (Subject to Critical Peak Price)
Low price is applied daily to consumption from 10pm-6am
High Price is applied during 4pm-7pm window on “critical peak” days called day-ahead
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Average Daily Pa_ern – Electric Car (%) March to May
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Consum
p1on
Percentage (%
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Average Daily Consump1on (%)-‐ Electric Car
Pricing Group
Control Group
Much of the shiling is in EV charging. Pricing Trial Group members are charging their EVs primarily at night. The control group has a small number of EVs, so confidence in the usage pa_ern is low.
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Average Daily Pa_ern – Overall Usage -‐ May
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KWh
Average Daily Use Pa_ern -‐ May
Pricing Group
Control Group
V. DLC demonstration with dual communication paths
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects
VII. PEV Fleet Fast Response Regula1on Service (FRRS)
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Context: ERCOT Need for Regula1on Service
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Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects Fast Response Regula1on Service (FRRS)
Fast Regulation: Speed Matters…
Slow ramping Generator Advanced Energy Storage (example fast response)
vs.
Use of Advanced Applica1ons in Wind Integra1on Projects Fast Response Regula1on Service
• Fast responding regula1on service (FRRS) – Use of fast-‐ac1ng (less than 1 second to full response) resources to counter frequency varia1ons
– Will likely be implemented in all US ISOs – FERC Order 755 and 784
– ERCOT FRRS Pilot Feb 2013 to Feb 2014 • Use of PEV delivery fleet to provide FRRS Reg-‐Up service
– AC Level II chargers – 10-‐12 kW max load
• Monitor grid frequency and automa1cally provide service – Greater than .03Hz devia1on from 60Hz – Implement full bid capacity
FRRS Deployment
Use of Advanced Applications in Wind Integration Projects Fast Response Regulation Service
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• Increased levels of Wind Resource Integra1on Requires new technology integrated with improved ISO wind forecas1ng & system load modeling
• New technologies for wind integra1on now are able to build on new technology systems in place deployed for broader grid management and market purposes
• The new technologies involve improved grid monitoring and control capability deployed by the ISO, new demand-‐side technologies in the compe11ve market and advanced ancillary service products deployed by the ISO
• In the long term these new technologies need to be incorporated into planning by the ISO, the TDUs and the compe11ve market vendor product ini1a1ves
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This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-‐OE0000194." Disclaimer: "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any informa1on, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily cons1tute or imply its endorsement, recommenda1on, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Discovery Across Texas: Technology Solu1ons for Wind Integra1on in ERCOT
Ques1ons?
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• Milton Holloway, Ph.D. • (512) 472-‐3800 • mholloway@electrictechnologycenter.com • h_p://www.electrictechnologycenter.com/