Post on 06-May-2015
description
Enabling Greater Access, Visibility & Use of Knowledge through Open Licenses
Kathleen Ludewig Omollo International Program Manager
University of Michigan Medical School Office of Enabling Tech.
March 12, 2012 - ICTD 2012Slides at: http://openmi.ch/ictd2012-workshop
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Copyright 2012 The Regents of the University of Michigan.
Cover image CC:BY-SA Jessica Duensing (Flickr)
PATH•Copyright Trivia
•What is “Open”?
•Case Study: African Health Open Educational Resources Network
•Hands-On: Create, share, license your own materials
Image CC:BY-NC-SA werkunz (Flickr)
Image CC:BY Ute Hagen (Flickr)
What rights are included in copyright?
(hint: there are 5)
Copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:
1. Reproduce the work in whole or in part2. Prepare derivative works, such as translations, dramatizations, and musical arrangements3. Distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or loan4.Publicly display the work5.Publicly perform the work
Under © it is illegal to:
•Translate works (derivative)•Copy someone else’s photo, slides, report, or other work (without permission)•Dramatize a work (performance)•Reproduce in whole or in part (without permission)•Make copies of a work (distribution)
Image CC:BY OpenCage (wikipedia)
What is the purpose of ©?
Image CC:BY ewiemann (Flickr)
Origin of Copyright (1710):“For the Encouragement of Learned Men to Compose and Write useful Books… the Author of any Book or Books already Printed… in order to Print or Reprint the same, shall have the sole Right and Liberty of Printing such Book and Books for the Term of One and twenty Years…”- “An Act For the Encouragement of Learning” (a.k.a. The Statute of Anne) by Queen Anne of England
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
Origin of Copyright in U.S. (1788):“To promote the progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” - U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 (aka “The Progress Clause”)
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
Takeaway:•Goal: To advance knowledge•How: Exclusive rights on creative works for limited times
Image CC:BY-NC Cayusa (Flickr)
Notable International Treaties Regarding Copyright: •1886: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works•1952: Universal Copyright Convention•1988: Berne Convention Implementation Act•1995: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Image CC:BY tuppus (Flickr)
“Limited times” = ?
Image CC:BY TJ Morris (Flickr)
A. Tangible form?B. Publication?C. Copyright symbol ©? D. Registration? E. Effort? F. Creative Expression?G. Uniqueness?
Which of these is necessary to copyright a work?
Which of these is necessary to copyright a work?
Copyright occurs automatically at the creation of a new work, when it is fixed in tangible form.
This means that almost everything is copyrighted--not just published material but also your emails, your assignments, your letters, your drafts, your doodles, your snapshots, your blog posts...
Image CC:BY Horia Varlan (flickr)
What is a license?
Licenses let people know how they may use a copyrighted work.
Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr)
Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)
Free
Public
Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute
All Rights Reserved(default)
Types of Open Licenses:Creative Commons
Some Rights Reserved
(www.creativecommons.org)
You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work but only if they give you credit.
BY :: Attribution
You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work but for noncommercial purposes only.
NC :: Noncommercial
You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work as long as any derivative work is licensed under the same license.
SA :: Share Alike
You let others copy, distribute, and display your copyrighted work only if no changes, derivatives, are made.
ND :: No derivatives
Adaptability means…TranslationLocalization
Bridge materialsInnovation
Collaboration
Sharing
Learning
Creativity
Public Domain
least restrictive most restrictive
All Rights Reserved
Challenges to Health Education in Africa
•low budget, small workforce, high disease burden•scarce, aging, and emigrating teaching staff•not enough instructors or classroom spaces•repetitive instructional responsibilities •and….
Image CC:BY Phil Roeder (Flickr)
large lectures & crowded clinical situations
2 minute video interview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFjJe8ZJkJUCollection of 19 OER video interviews in Ghana: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF4EC45F2B54D6112
Image CC:BY-NC University of Ghana
When you look in textbooks it’s difficult to find African cases. The cases may be pretty similar but sometimes it can be confusing when you see something that you see on white skin so nicely and very easy to pick up, but on the dark skin it has a different manifestation that may be difficult to see.
-Richard Phillips, lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine, KNUST (Ghana) Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and Technology
The mission of the African Health Open Educational Resources (OER) Network (est. 2008) is to advance health education in Africa by creating and promoting free, openly licensed teaching materials created by Africans to share knowledge, address curriculum gaps, and support health education communities. www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
Gather Existing MaterialsAssist health professionals in finding materials that
are free, electronic, and openly licensed (i.e. expressly allow the general public to use, adapt,
copy, and redistribute)
Facilitate Discussion
Foster dialogue between health
professionals around pedagogy, policy,
peer review, and openness via onsite consultation,
discussion lists, conference calls, and newsletters
APPROACH
Collection•12 institutions•135 modules•339 materials•144 videos•906 minutesYouTube•861K views•795 favorites•173 comments
Image CC:BY-NC-SA HeyThereSpaceman (flickr)
Other•www.Oerafrica.org/healthoer: 7,000 visits/month•Open.umich.edu: 10,000 visits/month, 1,500 is for African Health OER Network content•Accessed in over 190 countries
Visualization of greatest word frequency in Youtube comments – from wordle.com. http://wiki.datawithoutborders.cc/index.php?title=Project:Current_events:A2_DD
Remix Example
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Saide and University of Botswana
Remix Example: From This
Remix Example:To This
http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/11/12/from-uct-opencontent-to-a-journal-article
Remix Example:From This
Remix Example:To This
Hands-On:Share your own content
(or help someone else share theirs)
Image CC:BY-NC-SA 10000spoons (Flickr)
open.umich.edu/dScribe
It's easiest to create open content from the start.
Start now by making a small change in how you create
your own content.
What does this mean for you?
Lady Finger
Learning about Orchids
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Phalaenopsis
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid
A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
On Slide
add some extra information in the attribution: author, source (name and
link), license (name and link)
Additional Source Information
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon, http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
EXAMPLE
At the end of the presentation
What if you want to make your *existing* work available under
an open license?
What types of third-party (i.e. created by someone other
than you) objects might you encounter?
What should you do with them?
main policy concerns to publicly sharing content
:: copyright : copyright law grants limited exclusive rights to authors of creative works
:: product endorsement : avoiding the appearance of endorsing a 3rd party
:: privacy : the protection of an individual’s (student, instructor, patient) privacy
possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is licensed under an open license or is in the public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content that is not openly licensed (and thus not shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content due to privacy, endorsement, or copyright concerns
Attribution Keyfor more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/AttributionPolicy
Use + Share + Adapt
Make Your Own Assessment
Creative Commons – Attribution License
Creative Commons – Attribution Share Alike License
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial License
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike License
GNU – Free Documentation License
Creative Commons – Zero Waiver
Public Domain – Ineligible: Works that are ineligible for copyright protection in the U.S. (17 USC § 102(b)) *laws in your jurisdiction may differ
Public Domain – Expired: Works that are no longer protected due to an expired copyright term.
Public Domain – Government: Works that are produced by the U.S. Government. (17 USC § 105)
Public Domain – Self Dedicated: Works that a copyright holder has dedicated to the public domain.
Fair Use: Use of works that is determined to be Fair consistent with the U.S. Copyright Act. (17 USC § 107) *laws in your jurisdiction may differ
Our determination DOES NOT mean that all uses of this 3rd-party content are Fair Uses and we DO NOT guarantee that your use of the content is Fair.
To use this content you should do your own independent analysis to determine whether or not your use will be Fair.
{ Content the copyright holder, author, or law permits you to use, share and adapt. }
{ Content Open.Michigan believes can be used, shared, and adapted because it is ineligible for copyright. }
{ Content Open.Michigan has used under a Fair Use determination. }
This key is inserted as the second slide/page of all University of Michigan open content to let people worldwide know how they can or cannot use a given image or resource.
Activity
You have been provided print-outs of:•Original slides with copyright, privacy, or endorsement issues•Recommended actions•Replacement images
Match the slides with their actions and, if applicable, their replacement images.
Activity materials at: openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity & openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity-tags
Image CC:BY Nick Ward (Flickr)
Image CC:BY-SA Quinn Dombrowski (Flickr)
Share Your Own Work from ICTD2012
Tag your work “ictd2012-open”, upload to a website that supports Creative Commons:
Presentations (e.g. DOC, PPT) on Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/tag/ictd2012-open
Photos on Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/ictd2012open
Videos on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ictd2012-open&search=tag
Image CC:BY-NC britbohlinger (flickr)
Email: KLudewig@umich.edu
How To: open.umich.edu/share
African-produced health materials:
www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
This presentation builds upon slides from other Open.Michigan team members, including:Emily Puckett Rodgers, Pieter Kleymeer, Garin Fons, Greg Grossmeier, Susan Topol, Dave Malicke, Ted Hanss, and Erik Hofer
Image CC:BY Karrie Nodalo (flickr)