Ibrahim Ben Mustafa Tamer Nadeem Emir Halepovic · © 2018 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights...

©2018AT&TIntellectualProperty.Allrightsreserved.AT&T,theAT&TlogoandallotherAT&TmarkscontainedhereinaretrademarksofAT&TIntellectualPropertyand/orAT&Taffiliatedcompanies.Theinformationcontainedhereinisnotanoffer,commitment,representationorwarrantybyAT&Tandissubjecttochange.

Ibrahim Ben Mustafa

Old Dominion University

Tamer Nadeem

Virginia Commonwealth University

Emir Halepovic

AT&T Labs - Research

ACMMultimediaConference,Seoul,Korea,22-Oct-2018

All presented information does neither reflect nor imply an actual business case for AT&T and associated companies.!They are generalized data used to assess performance of the algorithms only.!

iben@cs.odu.edu tnadeem@vcu.edu emir@research.att.com

MobileVideoTraffic

• Witnessingtremendousgrowthinmobiledatatraffic.• Mobiledatatrafficispredictedtoincreasesevenfoldbetween2016and2021

•  MobileVideowouldberesponsibleformorethan%75by2020.(*)

VideosSharing

LiveStreaming

Livebroadcasting(*) Cisco Visual Networking Index - 2017

HTTPAdaptiveStreaming(HAS)

Imagesretrievedfrom:https://bitmovin.com/

Problem&RelatedWork

PerformanceIssueswithHAS

• WhenHASplayerscompeteoverthebottleneck:

•  Instabilityinthequality

•  Playbackstalls

•  Unfairness

•  Longstartupdelay

• Rootcause:ON/OFFtrafficpattern(*)

(*)SaamerAkhshabi,LakshmiAnantakrishnan,AliCBegen,andConstantineDovrolis.2012.WhathappenswhenHTTPadaptivestreamingplayerscompeteforbandwidth?InACMNOSSDAV,June2012.

ExistingSolutions

HTTPserver

InternetMediastream

Cellularnetwork

Celltower

Server/proxy-basedsolutions

(throttlingorbitratecontrol)Client-basedsolutions

(improvingplayers’adaptationalgorithm)

Edge-basedsolutions(trafficmanagementandcontrol)

WiFiAP

WiFiwirelessinfrastructure

IssueswithexistingSolutions

• Existingsolutionsareeither:1.  Noteffective,sincetheycannot:

•  Addressthemainperformanceissues.

•  Complywithnetworkpolicies.

2.  Invasive:Playershavetofollowspecificadaptationlogic.

3.  Notgeneric:SpecificforHAS.

4.  Costly:Requirelargeandspecial-purposenetworkinfrastructure.

5.  Infeasible(inpractice):•  RequiresCDNedgeserverchanges.

•  Requireplayerfeedbackandinteractions.7

Our Solution: FlexStream

•  SDN-basedframeworkthatleverages:

•  Centralized/edgecomponent:

•  Enablesglobalviewofnetworkcondition.

•  Context-awarethroughenddevicefeedback.

•  Specifiesapolicycontrollingresourceallocation,usinganoptimizationfunction.

•  DistributedSDNcomponent:

•  Monitorsandreportsvariouscontextinformation.

•  Implementsnetworkpolicies.

•  Offloadsfine-grainedfunctionalitytotheenddevice.

FlexStream Benefits

•  Offloadsintrusiveorresource-demandingtasksfromthenetworktoenddevices.

•  Allowsforfine-grainedandintelligentmanagementofbandwidthbasedonrealtimecontextawarenessandspecifiedpolicy.

•  Flexibleimplementationofnetworkpolicies.

•  ImprovesvideoQoE:

•  Reducesqualityswitchingby81%,stallsby92%,andstartupdelayby44%.

•  Offersuniversalapproachtoworkacrossnetworktechnologies,WiFiandcellular.

•  Hasnodependencyontheinternalnetworksupport.

SystemOverviewandArchitecture

UtilizingSDNonEndDevice(extremeSDN)

Userspace

SDNcontroller(LC)

Kernel

SDNForwardingelement(ovs)

Resourcemanagement(cloudorwirelessnetwork

infrastructure)

SDNPlanesandLayers

ApplyingnetworkpoliciesusingSDNcomponentson

anenddevice.

FlexStream–Overview

DeviceAgent

VideoPlayer

UserPreferences

Data Collection 1

Flowstatistics(OVS),devicecontext,usercontext

Videometa-data,devicecontext

Resourceallocation,adminpolices

Control & Management

Policyrules

Videotraffic

Policy Implementation

3Fine-grainedcontroloverdataflows

Mediaserver

FlexStreamController

ControlChannel

DataChannel

FlexStream–Architecture

FlexStream–Context-Awareness

•  Supportsvariousmanagementpoliciesbasedonthedifferentcontextsfor:

•  Fairandbalancedwatchingexperience.

•  Maximizingvideosbitrates.

•  Betterbandwidthutilization.

Device

Environment User

Traffic Video

Network

ContextFactors

ScreenSize SurroundingLuminance

FlexStreamController–OptimizationModule

OptimizationProblem

PenaltyFunction

UtilityFunction

ImplementationChallenges

•  Forwardthepackettoanoutputport•  ForwardtoSDNcontroller•  Dropthepacket•  Mirrorthepacket•  Modifypacketheaders.

OVSdoesnotsupportdataratecontrol

OVS&OpenFlowprotocolareextendedtocontrolandlimitdataratethroughTCPflow

controlmechanism

OpenvSwitchflowtable

•  ExtendingSDNplanestoenablecontrollingthedatarateontheenddevice.

ImplementationChallenges

•  ItispossibletobindOVStoWi-Fiinterface,butnottothecellularinterface:•  Usesdifferenttechnologiesandprotocolstoconnecttoitsbasestation.•  MovingtheIPaddressofthecellularinterfacetoOVSimmediatelybreakstheconnection

withthebasestation.

•  Typicalsolution?•  UsingaWi-Fiaccesspointasamediator,butdoesnotallowfordirectexperimentation.

•  FlexStream?•  InstallinganumberofrulestotheOVSflowtabletorewritethesource/destinationIPandMACaddresseswithOVSaddressestoforcealltraffictopassthroughOVS.

Evaluation

• QualityMetrics:Stability,fairness,stalls,andstartuplatency.• Scenarios:StaticBandwidthandDynamicBandwidth• Experiments

•  Basic:3realplayersinarealnetwork.

•  Extended:12emulatedplayers&server,realnetwork.

• Context:Userpriority,screensize,linkcondition,backgroundtraffic,andsurroundingluminance.

• Overheads:Computationandbandwidth.

SetupforBasicExperiments

FlexStreamcontroller(Ubuntu14.04)

Proxyserver(Squidv3.1)TCLinuxtolimitdatarate

PublicHTTPserverCelltower

InternetMediastream

Nexus7(7”)

Nexus4(4.8”)

OVS(v1.9)OpenFlow(v1.2)OVS-VSCTL(v1.9)OVS-OFCTL(v1.9)GPAC(v0.6.2-

DEV)DeviceAgent

Bigbuckbunny

WiFiAP(Ubuntu12.04)

9:00min

SetupforExtendedExperiments

Globalcontroller(Ubuntu14.04)

Proxyserver(Squidv3.1)TCLinuxtolimitdatarate

PublicHTTPServerCelltower

InternetMediastream

Nexus7(7”)

Nexus4(4.8”)

OVS(v1.9)OpenFlow(v1.2)OVS-VSCTL(v1.9)OVS-OFCTL(v1.9)GPAC(v0.6.2-

DEV)DeviceAgent

Bigbuckbunny

WiFiAP(Ubuntu12.04)

9:00min

Playeremulator

ServerEmulator

Dummyvideosegmentsequivalentinsizeanddistributiontothoseusedinthebasic

experiment

BasicExperiments

Experimentswithdifferentnetworkcapacities,startingfrom2500Kbpsto8500Kbpswithanincreaseof1500Kbps.

Averagebitrateswitchesperdevice BalancedQoEforphonesandtablet

BasicExperiments

FlexStreamabilitytoconsideruserpriorityand

screensize

Impactofbackgroundtrafficonstabilitywithnocontrol

NoControl FlexStream

BasicExperiments–Cellular

Improvedstabilityandfairnesswith

FlexStream

Instabilityandunfairnesswithno

control

Totalthroughputmeasuredbyallvideo

players

ExtendedExperiments

Stability StallDuration

StartupDelay

Fairness

FlexStreamOverheads

• GPACplayerstreams1.4MbpsvideowhileDAisrunninginthebackground:

•  CPUutilizationOverhead?

•  TheCPUusageisaround1%

•  BandwidthOverhead?

•  ThetotalnumberofbytessentandreceivedwhilestreamingthewholevideoismeasuredwithandwithoutenablingFlexStream.

•  FlexStreamfeedbackandcontrolmessagesfoundtoincurlessthan0.00004%ofthetotalbandwidthneededtostreamthewholevideo.

Conclusion and Future work

• Weintroduced:•  SDN-basedframeworkthatextendsSDNfunctionalitytomobileenddevices.

•  AnoptimizationmethodtoimprovevideoQoEconsideringvariouscontextinformation,andvalidateitusingrealexperiments.

•  ThefirstworkingimplementationoftheSDNextensiontocommoditymobiledevicesthatrunsoverWiFiandcellularwithoutsupportfromthenetworkinfrastructure.

•  Futurework:IntegratingFlexStreamintotheexistingnetworkpolicyfunctionsandobtaininglinkcapacityandotherstatefromthenetworkdirectly.

QUESTIONS

Thank You!

https://music.lab.vcu.edu/

tnadeem@vcu.edu

Ibrahim Ben Mustafa Tamer Nadeem Emir Halepovic · © 2018 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights...

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