Post on 05-Dec-2014
description
In Vivo Differentiation of Stem Cell and Their Progeny
Robert Lanza, MDVP Medical & Scientific Development
Advanced Cell Technology
Adjunct Professor
Institute of Regenerative Medicine
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
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Alzheimer’s
Dwarfism
Parkinson’s
Strokes
Epilepsy
Hemophilia
Kidney failure
Chronic pain
CancerInfertility
Burns
AIDS
Muscular dystrophy
ALS
Affective disorders
Macular degeneration
Hypoparathyroidism
Heart disease
Liver failure
Enzymatic defects
Diabetes
Osteoarthritis
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington’s
Hypocholesterolemia
Rheumatoid
arthritis
Atherosclerosis
Ulcers
Spinal cord
injuries
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Waiting List
Organs Transplanted
Stem cells are smart
• In vitro: Without the right environmental clues they don’t know whatwe want them to do. Left to their own devices in vitro, theydifferentiate into a hodgepodge of cell types – neurons, heating heartcells, ciliated epithelium, and even miniature “eyeballs”
• In vivo: Stem cells home towards damaged tissue where they caninitiate tissue regeneration. We need a better grasp of the roles playedby such chemical signals as insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), whichmay also take part in causing local cells to revert to a multipotent stateand begin differentiating into the required tissue types. Thisphenomena (epimorphic regeneration) underlies the ability of newts &zebrafish to regrow limbs and organs.
•Parkinson’s ($6 billion/yr)
•Stroke ($45 billion/yr)
•Spinal cord injury ($10 billion/yr)
•Epilepsy ($3 billion/yr)
•Alzheimer’s ($100 billion/yr)
•Multiple sclerosis ($10 billion/yr)
Generation of ES cells using parthenogenesis
WBC colony from cloned stem cells
•Cardiovascular disease costs the US $329 billion annually
~ Biodegradable scaffolds
~ Self-assembly
End-stage renal disease will cost US $1 trillion during the coming
decade
A few last thoughts
• Moving into the clinic – perhaps the damaged tissue area can do part
of the work for us
• More basic research – we need to better understand the in vivo factors
that control stem cell fate and repair
• Regenerative medicine’s ideal – to find a means to cause controlled
de- and trans- differentiation of cells in adult tissue. Will it ever be
possible to generate an environment that replicates the ability of newts
and zebra fish to regenerate tissue, to regrow entire limbs and organs?
•