Post on 16-Apr-2020
IAEA Programme on Nuclear Security: Activities, Goals and Priorities
Muhammad KHALIQSH-MAFA
Division of Nuclear SecurityDepartment of Nuclear Safety and Security
17 May 20181
What Are the Materials?
• Nuclear materials (uranium, plutonium and thorium in different forms)
• Radioactive sources• Radioactively contaminated
materials
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Scope of application
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• Over 440 operating nuclear power plants, providing ~ 11 % total electricity worldwide
• Nearly 250 research reactors • Over 300 fuel cycle facilities • More than 70 new nuclear power plants are being built in 15 countries • About 30 new countries embarking on nuclear power programmes• Millions of radioactive sources used in medicine, agriculture, industry,
research…etc.• Establishing an effective and sustainable nuclear security infrastructure is
crucial for the protection of individual, people, society and the environment
Potential ConsequencesHealth
• Blast• Radiation
Exposure• Deterministic• Stochastic
Economic• Property damage• Decontamination• Evacuation /
relocation• Business
disruption
Environmental• Contamination
of air, soil, and water resources
• Disruption of ecosystems
Societal• Effects on
human behavior, relationships, and organization
• Effects on political processes
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Nuclear Security
Prevention Detection Response
… theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear or other radioactive material or their associated
facilities5
Nuclear SecurityPrevention, Detection and Response Measures
Material Origin
Material Use
Material Disposal
Material Transport
Material Loss or Theft
Preventive Measures
Detection Measures
Response Measures
Nuclear Security
Event
Material Under Regulatory Control Material Out of Regulatory Control
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Domains of Nuclear Security
Nuclear Security
Protection of materials and
facilities
Threat and risk assessment
Physical protection
Nuclear material accounting and inventory control for
nuclear security
Computer and information
security
Transport security
Materials out of regulatory
control
National detection architecture
Response to nuclear security events involving
MORC
Nuclear forensics
Radiological crime scene management
Nuclear security at major public events
Human factor
Preventing and protecting against the
insider threatNuclear security culture
Human resource development
Legal and regulatory framework
International legal framework
National laws and regulations
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Legally Binding Legally Non-binding
IAEA IMOUN IAEAICAO
General Assembly
Security Council
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
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IAEA
NON-BINDING INSTRUMENTS
CPPNM CPPNMAmendment
Early Notification &
Assistance Conventions
BINDING INSTRUMENTS
INFCIRC/225/Revision 5
Code of Conduct and
Import/Export
Guidance
NON-BINDING INSTRUMENTS
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The Role of the IAEANuclear security is a national responsibility.
The IAEA:• Supports States, upon request, in their
efforts to establish and maintain effective nuclear security through assistance in capacity building, guidance or standards, human resource development and risk reduction
• Facilitates adherence to implementation of international legal instruments related to nuclear security
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IAEA Nuclear Security Activities
All IAEA nuclear security activities are implemented in accordance with the nuclear security plan. • Latest NSP 2018-2021 approved by BoG and adopted by
the GC61 on 17 September 2017• Reaffirms the Agency central role in international nuclear
security• Follows the programmatic outline of the Agency’s
Programme and Budget for 2018-2019 (Programme 3.5)
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NSP 2018-2021 Programme Elements
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Information Management• Assessing nuclear security needs and priorities
– Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSPs)– NUSIMS Self-assessment Tool– States’ requests and offers of assistance matrix
• Information sharing– Incident & Trafficking Database (ITDB)– Sharing of other information voluntarily provided by States (under A/CPPNM, IPPAS good
practices, etc.)• Information and computer security, and information technology services
– Guidance– Training courses– Technical assistance– Coordinated Research Projects
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Nuclear Security of Materials and Associated Facilities (MAFA)• Nuclear security approaches for the whole nuclear fuel cycle
– Physical protection– Nuclear security culture– IPPAS missions, good practices
• Enhancing nuclear materials security using accounting and control– NMAC– Insider threat
• Upgrading security of radioactive material and associated facilities– Capacity building, lifecycle management of disused sources, CoC, IPPAS missions– Physical protection upgrades
• Nuclear security in the transport of nuclear and other radioactive material– Training, exercises, practical assistance, regulatory framework
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This is focus of MAFA for 2018:1. International Conference on the Security of Radioactive Material: The WayForward for Prevention and Detection2. Assist Seibersdorf in meeting IPPAS Nuclear Security recommendations3. Three ongoing CRPs: Research Reactors and Associated Facilities,Improvements in Preventive and Protective Measures against Insider Threats,Development of Nuclear Security Culture Enhancement Solutions.4. Enhancement of regulatory regime for physical protection in Member Statesembarking on nuclear power and research programmes.5. Technical guidance in revision and development (10)6. Advisory Service missions (6) New Challenges: Addressing risk ofsabotage, computer security for transport, evolving security threats andadvanced security technologies, addressing interfaces.
Nuclear Security of Materials Out of Regulatory Control
• Institutional infrastructure for material out of regulatory control– National MORC infrastructure– INSServ missions, good practices– Capacity building
• Nuclear security detection and response architecture– Technical support for States to establish detection and response measures for MORC– Major public events– Capacity building– Radiation detection equipment
• Radiological crime scene management and nuclear forensic science– Guidance– Training and education– CRPs– National nuclear material databases and national nuclear forensic libraries 16
Programme Development and International Cooperation • International cooperation on nuclear security networks and partnerships
– Information Exchange Meetings and other coordination– ICONS (2019)– Universalization of A/CPPNM, POC meetings, Review Conference (2021)
• Education and training for human resource development– IAEA training and train-the-trainer– NSSCs and NSSC Networks– INSEN and educational materials, guidance and programmes– E-learning
• Coordinating nuclear security guidance and advice services– Nuclear Security Guidance Committee (NSGC)– Advisory Group on Nuclear Security (AdSec)
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External Coordination
• Border Monitoring Working Group meetings in May and November 2017
• Information Exchange Meetings in April and November 2017• 7th Meeting of the Working Group on Radioactive Source
Security (WGRSS) held in April 2017
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Supporting the Nuclear Security Framework Globally
• Technical Meeting of the Representatives of States Parties to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and the CPPNM Amendment
• As of today 156 States are party to the CPPNM• So far, 116 States ratified the A/CPPNM• During 2017, 8 States ratified A/CPPNM (Bangladesh,
Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Madagascar, Monaco, Namibia, Senegal)
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IAEA Nuclear Security Series (NSS)
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The Nuclear Security Guidance Committee (NSGC), open to all Member States, makes recommendations on the development and review of the Nuclear Security Series.
The Nuclear Security Series (NSS), developed in close consultation with Member State experts, bring together good practices suitable for broad implementation.
28 NSS Publications include:1 Fundamentals3 Recommendations15 Implementing Guides9 Technical Guidance
Development of the NSS Guidance
• Published in 2017-2018:– One Technical Guidance (NSS-28-G)– One Implementing Guide (NSS-27-G)– Six translations
• Previously approved by NSGC, awaiting publication:– Six Implementing Guides (4 new, 2 revisions)– Two Technical Guidance publications
• Approved by the NSGC in 2017: – Three Implementing Guides– Two Technical Guidance publications
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Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plan (INSSP)
• The overall objectives of an INSSP are:– To identify and consolidate the nuclear security needs of an individual
State an integrated document that includes the necessary nuclear security improvements, based on the IAEA’s Nuclear Security Series documents.
– To provide a customized framework for coordinating and implementing nuclear security activities conducted by the State concerned and the IAEA.
• All States are encouraged to develop and approve INSSPs and to take advantage of the Nuclear Security Information Management system (NUSIMS) self-assessment tool
Global Needs Identified by Region
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48 INSSP States
15 INSSP States
27 INSSP States
14 INSSP States
50%
20%
10 %
Total # of activities requested: 330
20%
Global Needs Identified by Nuclear Security Area(# of activities requested)
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Peer Reviews / Advisory ServicesInternational Nuclear Security Advisory Service (INSServ)
Focuses on:
• nuclear and other radioactive material out of regulatory control
• general overview of key elements of national nuclear security regime
• Identification of needs for improvement of legal and institutional framework and technical means
• 80 INSServ to 65 States• The Agency is currently finalizing guidelines for
INSServ missions. These will be primarily addressed to team members of INSServ missions and to Member States that are considering hosting a mission.
International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS)
Focuses on:
• nuclear and other radioactive material underregulatory control
• in depth review of physical protection regime • Identification of needs for enhancement at state and
facility (activity) level, including transport• 83 IPPAS to 50 States and in the IAEA Laboratories
in Seibersdorf
Provided upon request from States
Statistics of IPPAS Missions• 83 mission conducted since 1996• 20 follow-up missions• 50 countries received mission• More than 140 experts from 36 countries participated in IPPAS missions.• Latest missions were conducted in Hungary, China, Germany, Lithuania,
Australia and in Democratic Republic of Congo in 2017 and in Ecuador and France in 2018
• Requests for IPPAS mission received from Japan, Madagascar, Switzerland and Turkey.
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IPPAS Mission: Outputs/Benefits• IPPAS report providing:
• Independent views and recommendations by international team of experts
• Advice, which establishes solid basis for further enhancement of the national physical protection regime
• Exchange of international experience
• Broadening knowledge• International recognition and
sharing of good practices
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Risk Reduction and Security Improvement• Category 1 and 2 sources repatriated in six countries• Physical Protection Upgrades initiated in five countries; upgrade of national storage
facilities; management of disused sources through recycling, repatriation, pilot borehole project
• Support for major public events: The IAEA has provided assistance for the implementation of nuclear security measures during planning, preparedness and main event phases to:
– Philippines MPE Support for the 31st ASEAN Leaders Summit 2017– Panama Support for the World Youth Conference 2019– Vietnam MPE Support for APEC 2017– Uzbekistan MPE Support for Sharq Taronalari Music Festival 2017– Kazakhstan MPE Support in the framework of Expo 2017– Ukraine MPE Support in the framework of Eurovision 2017
• Material Assistance for Detection of MORC
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Human Resources Development• 111 training courses and workshops (21 International, 35 Regional, 55 National)
were conducted in 2017, trained 2072 participants• Several national and regional training and education needs analysis missions
and workshops conducted• 16 E-Learning Modules available (6 new since June 2017)
Free of charge at elearning.iaea.org 4 topical areas: Crosscutting, Nuclear Security of Materials and Facilities, Nuclear Security of
Materials Outside of Regulatory Control, Information and Computer Security All e-learning modules (up to 2017) will be offered in all official languages of the IAEA by 2021 To date 798 users completed at least one e-learning module, and received a certificate of
completion
• IAEA Assistance for establishing a NSSC in Egypt, Malaysia
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Goals and priorities for 2018• Initiate preparations for the Review Conference on the Amendment to the
CPPNM to take place in 2021– POC Meeting in Q4 2018
• “International Conference on Security of Radioactive Materials: the Way Forward for Prevention and Detection,” Vienna in December 2018
• Preparations for the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Security– Q1 2020
• Continue the development and revision of international guidance and recommendations
• Report on the implementation of the Nuclear Security Plan 2014-2017
Goals and priorities for 2018• Peer review and advisory services
– Six IPPAS missions planned– Finalize the guidelines for INSServ missions
• Continue promoting Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSP)– Full implementation of new standard INSSP template– 23 INSSP Review Meetings, 6 INSSP Finalization Meetings– 2 Regional (Central American & Caribbean and South & East Asia), 1 International
meeting on INSSPs for States Embarking on Nuclear Power
• Maintain Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB)– Outreach Activities – 4 Sub-Regional & 2 National Information Exchange Meetings– Triennial Points of Contact Meeting – May
• Continue assistance to States in information and computer security
Goals and priorities for 2018• Coordinated Research Projects
1. Nuclear Security for Research Reactors and Associated Facilities2. Development of Nuclear Security Assessment Methodologies (NUSAM) for Regulated
Facilities3. Improved Assessment of Alarms from Radiation Detection Systems4. Development of Nuclear Security Culture Enhancement Solutions5. Enhancing Computer Security Incident Analysis at Nuclear Facilities6. Enhancing Security in Transport of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material7. Preventive and Protective Measures against Insider Threats at Nuclear Facilities
• 2nd Technical Meeting on Radiation Detection Instruments for Nuclear Security: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities 16-20 April, Vienna
• 3rd International Coordination Meeting for Front Line Officers, 8-10 October, Vienna• International Seminar on the Regulatory Inspections of Nuclear Facilities with respect
to nuclear security
Goals and priorities for 2018• Three international and two regional schools on nuclear security planned
– Trieste, Italy, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish), Abuja, Nigeria (Africa),Jakarta, Indonesia (Asia & the Pacific)
– TBC (in Arabic)
• ITCs (27), RTCs (59), TMs (25) and NTCs (61)• INSEN and NSSC network meetings• Training and education needs analysis missions and workshops• Train-the-trainer workshops and seminars• Senior managers and administrators seminars• International workshop on leadership in nuclear security• Outreach seminars for Vienna-based diplomatic corps
Thank you!