Post on 04-Jan-2019
INTEGRATION OF SWAT AND QUAL2K FORWATER QUALITY MODELING IN A DATA SCARCEBASIN: A CASE STUDY OF CAU RIVER BASIN OFVIETNAM
by Ha Ngoc HienInstitute of Environmental Technology (IET)Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
2017 International SWAT Conference Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
STUDY AREAWATERSHED DATA PROBLEMWQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
(SWAT & QUAL2K)RESULTSRECOMENDATIONS
OUTLINE
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Cau river watershed
STUDY AREA
China
Vietnam
Lao
The Cau River is in North-East part of Vietnam. CauRiver mainstream is 288 km long. The river network in the Cau River basin is relatively dense with tributaries evenly distributed along the mainstream. The catchment’s area is 6030km2
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
STUDY AREA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Water quality problem
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Cầu
Phà
Thác
Giề
ngN
à Bả
nCh
ợ M
ớiVă
n Lă
ngH
òa B
ình
Sơn
Cẩm
Hoà
ng V
ăn T
hụCầ
u G
ia B
ảyC
ầu T
rà V
ườn
Cầu
Mây
Tân
Phú
Cầu
Vát
Hươ
ng L
âmPh
úc L
ộc P
hươn
gVạ
n Ph
úcH
òa Lo
ngCầ
u Th
ị Cầu
Thốn
g H
ạH
iền
Lươn
gYê
n Dũ
ngPh
ả Lạ
i
BOD
(mg/
L)
Dry
Rainy
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
2010-2015
STUDY AREA
VN standard A2
A1
Water quality problem
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
Cầu
Phà
Thác
Giề
ngNà
Bản
Chợ
Mới
Văn
Lăng
Hòa B
ình
Sơn
Cẩm
Hoàn
g Vă
n Th
ụCầ
u Gi
a Bảy
Cầu
Trà
Vườn
Cầu
Mây
Tân
Phú
Cầu
Vát
Hươn
g Lâ
mPh
úc L
ộc …
Vạn
Phúc
Hòa L
ong
Cầu
Thị C
ầuTh
ống H
ạHi
ền L
ương
Yên
Dũng
Phả L
ại
NH4+
(mg/
L)
Dry
Rainy 2010-2015
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cầu
Phà
Thác
Giề
ngN
à Bả
nCh
ợ M
ớiVă
n Lă
ngH
òa B
ình
Sơn
Cẩm
Hoà
ng V
ăn T
hụCầ
u G
ia B
ảyC
ầu T
rà V
ườn
Cầu
Mây
Tân
Phú
Cầu
Vát
Hươ
ng L
âmPh
úc L
ộc P
hươn
gVạ
n Ph
úcH
òa Lo
ngCầ
u Th
ị Cầu
Thốn
g H
ạH
iền
Lươn
gYê
n Dũ
ngPh
ả Lạ
i
PO4
(mg/
L)
Dry
Rainy 2010-2015
STUDY AREA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
VN standard A2
A1
Hydro-meteorology stations+ 01 Discharge station, 05
water level stations+ 06 Meteo stations + 42 Rain stations
WATERSHED DATA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Pollution source information + Point sources: about 500, spatial locations about 200 (Industry, Hospital, Trade, …)+ Non-point sources: domestic, livestock, agriculture, forest,...) calculated based Provincial Statistical Books for districts
WATERSHED DATA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Pollution load of sub-watershed (based on monitoring data and rapid estimation method)
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
0.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
25000.00
30000.00
11121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344464748495051525455565758
BOD
(kg/
day)
Sub-watershed
Industry
Landuse
Service
Livestock
Domestic
WATERSHED DATA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
River Water qualityRegular monitoring data from 2010: 42 stations, 5 times/year (BOD5, COD, EC, NO3, NH4, T, pH, PO4, TKN, T-P, TSS) in March, May, July, Sept, Nov)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12
Mon
thly
ave
rage
Q (m
3/s)
Month
Discharge at Gia Bay station
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
WATERSHED DATA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Data gaps:+ River discharge: only one station, not measured during WQ monitoring campaign+ Poor spatial data for pollution sources (houses, livestock, manufacture factories, service establishments, …)+ Poor GIS data for landuse, soil type …
WATERSHED DATA
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Purpose: Construction of WQ for Cau river watershed for TDML implementation of BOD, N and P
SWAT: Poor (modest) spatial data QUAL2K: Missing discharge data in mainstream and
tributaries Proposed solution: Using calibrated SWAT for hydrology
(with observed data at Gia Bay station) for river (headwater) discharge inputs for QUAL2K; using WQ monitoring data (at mainstream and tributaries) for boundary conditions of QUAL2K.
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Target area: 3 provinces (Thai Nguyen, Bac Ninh, Bac Giang), mainstream of Cau river (yelowarea)
SWAT: constructed for whole watershed to provide river discharges, lateral flows,…
QUAL2K: river network consist of mainstream and 7 tributaries
Headwater 0
Trib. 1
Trib. 2Trib. 3
Trib. 4Trib. 5
Trib. 6
Trib. 7
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
SWAT model- DEM 1-arc (USGS)- Landuse: 2007 (by IET)- Soil type (FAO)- 5 Meteo stations- 42 Rain stations- Calibration period 2000-2005- Validation period 2006-2014
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
SWAT hydrological results
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50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
Jan-
13
Mar
-13
May
-13
Jul-1
3
Sep-
13
Nov
-13
Jan-
14
Mar
-14
May
-14
Jul-1
4
Sep-
14
Nov
-14
Jan-
15
Mar
-15
May
-15
Jul-1
5
Sep-
15
Nov
-15
Q (m
3/s)
Observation
Simulation
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
QUAL2K modelSimulation period:
- 11/03/2014 to 19/03/2014 (dry season)- 03/11/2014 to 09/11/2014 (end of rainy season)- Input data: daily average (discharge, concentration, …) of the period.
Headwater 0
Trib. 1
Trib. 2Trib. 3
Trib. 4Trib. 5
Trib. 6
Trib. 7
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
QUAL2K model Special treatments:
- Non-point pollution load of sub-watershed bordering to the mainstream discharge uniformly to the river- Pollution load of others sub-watershed discharges to the outlet of river tributaries - Reaching ratio coefficient varies 0.1 -0.5 depending on watershed(Discharge load=reaching ratio coeff. x generated load)
Headwater 0
Trib. 1
Trib. 2Trib. 3
Trib. 4Trib. 5
Trib. 6
Trib. 7
WQ MODEL CONSTRUCTION
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
RESULTS Dry season: 11/03/2014 to 19/03/2014
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
T (o
C)
Distance (km)
Water temperature
Simulation
Observed
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
DO
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
DO concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
RESULTS Dry season: 11/03/2014 to 19/03/2014
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
BOD
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
BOD concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
COD
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
COD concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Polluted channel with pump station
RESULTS Dry season: 11/03/2014 to 19/03/2014
0.00
1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
TN (m
g/L)
Distance (km)
TN concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
0.0050.00
100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
TP (m
g/L)
Distance (km)
TP concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
RESULTS End of Rainy season: 03/11/2014 to 09/11/2014
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
T (o
C)
Distance (km)
Water temperature
Simulation
Observed
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
DO
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
DO concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
BOD
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
BOD concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
COD
(mg/
L)
Distance (km)
COD concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
RESULTS End of Rainy season: 03/11/2014 to 09/11/2014
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
TN (m
g/L)
Distance (km)
TN concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
0.0050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00
TP (m
g/L)
Distance (km)
TP concentration
Simulation
Observed
Month Average 2010-2015
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
Integration of SWAT and QUAL2K is helpful when spatial data (for landuse, economic activities,…) are limited.
Combination of WQ monitoring data and pollution load estimation based on rapid estimation method can improve WQ inputs for QUAL2K.
The obtained calibration and validation results are satisfactory.
Some inputs data may require some revisit, especially the reaching ratio coefficients for sub-watersheds and time operation of pumping station.
CONCLUSIONS
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
The model can be used for TMDL implementation of the watershed.
The model can be used for assessing pollution contribution ratio of each sub-watershed of the basin in order to partition the TMDL for sub-watersheds for future environmental planning.
2017 International SWAT Conference in Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017
CONCLUSIONS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
ANY QUESTIONS?
2017 International SWAT Conference Warsaw, 28-30 June, 2017