I N T E R V I E W I N GPrinciples and Practices

Twelfth Edition

Charles J. Stewart

Purdue University

William B. Cash

Achievement Unlimited

National Louis University

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Introduction to Interviewing

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1CHAPTER

Chapter Summary

•An Introduction to Interviewing

•The Essential Elements of Interviews

•A Relational Form of Communication

•Electronic Interviews

•Summary

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction

• Interviews share characteristics with intimate interactions, social conversations, small groups, and presentations, but are significantly different.

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction

• Interviews share characteristics with intimate interactions, social conversations, small groups, and presentations, but are significantly different.

• Interviews are distinguishable from other forms of interpersonal communication, and can be viewed as a relational form of communication.

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Five Elements of Interviews

The Essential Elements of Interviews

An interview is interactional because there is an exchanging, or sharing, of roles, responsibilities, feelings, beliefs, motives, and information.

Interactional

Continued…

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Interactional

The Essential Elements of Interviews

•Roles may switch from moment to moment.

•It takes two to make an interview a success.

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Interactional

The Essential Elements of Interviews

•Roles may switch from moment to moment.

•It takes two to make an interview a success.

•Disclosure is essential in interviews.

•All interviews involve risk.

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Process

The Essential Elements of Interviews

•An interview is a complex, ever-changing process.

•No interview occurs in a vacuum.

•Once initiated, the interview is an ongoing process.

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Parties

The Essential Elements of Interviews

• A dyadic process involves two parties.

• If more than two parties are involved, a small group interaction may be occurring, but not an interview.

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Purpose

The Essential Elements of Interviews

• All interviews have a degree of structure.

• An interview is a conversation and much more.

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Questions

The Essential Elements of Interviews

• All interviews involve questions and answers.

• Questions play multiple roles in interviews.

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A Relational Form of Communication

• The concept of relationship is inherent in the definition of “interviewing”

• Each interview contributes to a relational history

• Interviews with no prior history may be difficult “precisely because we don’t know the rules and so we don’t know exactly how to coordinate our conversational moves.”

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A Relational Form of Communication

• Stereotypes often play significant negative roles in interactions between strangers, since the parties have exchanged little personal information.

• Relationships change over time and during interactions.

•The situation may alter a relationship.

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Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

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Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

1. Similarity

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Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

1. Similarity

2. Inclusion/Involvement

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

1. Similarity

2. Inclusion/Involvement

3. Affection

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

1. Similarity

2. Inclusion/Involvement

3. Affection

4. Control

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Relational Dimensions

A Relational Form of Communication

The five dimensions that determine the nature of our relationships in the interview process:

1. Similarity

2. Inclusion/Involvement

3. Affection

4. Control

5. Trust

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Global Relationships

A Relational Form of Communication

• Our social and work worlds have become global.

• We must understand cultures to live and work in the 21st Century.

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Men and Women in Relationships

A Relational Form of Communication

• Men and women communicate differently.

• Women use communication as a primary way of establishing relationships.

• Men communicate “to exert control, preserve independence, and enhance status.”

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The Telephone

Electronic Interviews

• The telephone interview is convenient and inexpensive.

• Interviewers and interviewees can talk to several people at one time, answer or clarify questions directly, and receive immediate feedback.

• A major drawback with telephone interviews is the lack of “presence” of parties.

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Electronic Interviews

The Cellular Telephone

Cellular Telephones Have Created a Whole New World of Talking

Their Usage Has Created a New Concern for Privacy

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Electronic Interviews

Videoconferencing

Eight of Ten Companies Use Them for Recruiting Interviews

Visual Cues Are Limited to Upper-Body Ones Videoconference Interviews Provide Less

Nonverbal Information Interviewees Do Not Prefer Videoconference

Interviews

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Internet

Electronic Interviews

• The internet lacks the nonverbal cues critical in interviews.

• However, if both parties use the internet to interact in real time, it meets the definition of an interview.

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary

•Interviewing is an interactional communication between two parties, at least one of whom has a predetermined and serious purpose, that involves the asking and answering of questions.

•We employ interviews to get and give information, to recruit, to assess performance, to persuade, to counsel, and receive help, and to provide quality healthcare.

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